THC Science

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fishing:

Fishing – activity of catching fish. Fish are normally caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.

Essence of fishing

Fishing – activity of trying to catch fish.
Fishing industry – includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products.
Fishing techniques
Fishing tackle – Fishing tackle is a general term that refers to the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.
Fishing vessel – A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.
Fisherman – A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish. The term can also be applied to recreational fishermen and may be used to describe both men and women. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.^[1] Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishermen and fish farmers.
Recreational fishing – Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.
Environmental impact of fishing –

Fishing tackle

Fish hooks

Fish hook – A fish hook is a device for catching fish either by impaling them in the mouth or, more rarely, by snagging the body of the fish.
Circle hook – A circle hook is a type of fish hook which is sharply curved back in a circular shape.
Hookset – In recreational fishing terminology, the hookset is a motion made with a fishing rod in order to "set" a fish hook into the mouth of a fish once it has bitten a fishing lure or bait.
Fishing gaff – In fishing, a gaff is a pole with a sharp hook on the end that is used to stab a large fish and then lift the fish into the boat or onto shore.
Sniggle – A sniggle is a type of fish hook used for catching eels , using the method of sniggling.

Fishing line

Fishing line – A fishing line is a cord used or made for angling.
Monofilament – Monofilament fishing line is fishing line made from a single fiber of plastic.
Multifilament – Multifilament line, also referred to as The Super Lines, is a type of fishing line.
Braided – Braided line was one of the of earliest types of fishing line, and in its modern incarnations it is still very popular in some situations because of its high knot strength, lack of stretch, and great overall power in relation to its diameter.
Power pro – Power Pro is a type of fishing line made out of a material called Spectra fibers.
Swivel – A fishing swivel is a small device consisting of two rings connected to a pivoting joint. ^[2]

Fishing sinker

Fishing sinker – A fishing sinker or knoch is a weight used in conjunction with a fishing lure or hook to increase its rate of sink, anchoring ability, and/or casting distance.
Sandsinker – Sandsinkers are lead-free fishing sinkers made of fabric and filled with sand.
Downrigger – A downrigger is a device used while fishing using the trolling method, which places a lure at the desired depth.
Bombarda – Bombarda is a type of weighted float used in rod and reel fishing.
Arlesey Bomb – The Arlesey Bomb is an angling weight developed by Richard Walker at the lake in Arlesey.

Fishing rod

Fishing rod – A fishing rod or a fishing pole is a tool used to catch fish, usually in conjunction with the pastime of angling, and can also be used in competition casting.
Fishing reel – A fishing reel is a "cylindrical device attached to a fishing rod used in winding the line".
Bamboo fly rod – A bamboo fly rod or a split cane rod is a fly fishing rod that is made from bamboo, also referred to as cane.
Fly rod building – Fly rod building is the art of constructing a fly fishing rod to match the performance desires of the individual angler.
Fishing rod tapers – Fishing rod tapers describe how much a fishing rod bends or flexes under pressure.

Fishing bait

Fishing bait – Fishing bait is any substance used to attract and catch fish, e.g.
Bait fish – Bait fish are small fish caught for use as bait to attract large predatory fish, particularly game fish.
Groundbait – Groundbait is used in coarse fishing in order to attract fish to the fishing area.
Chum – Chumming is the practice of luring animals, usually fish or sharks, by throwing "chum" into the water.
Clonk – Clonk is a fishing tool which has been used for catfish fishing for ages mainly in Europe.
Worm compost – Vermicompost is the product or process of composting utilizing various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. ^[3]
Worm charming – Worm charming, worm grunting, and worm fiddling are methods of attracting earthworms from the ground. ^[4]
Boilies

soft plastic bait

Plastic bait – Soft plastic bait, commonly known as just plastic bait, is any of a range of plastic-based fishing fishing baits, termed so because of their soft, flexible rubber texture.
Soft plastic bait – Soft plastic bait, commonly known as just plastic bait, is any of a range of plastic-based fishing fishing baits, termed so because of their soft, flexible rubber texture.
Plastic worm – A plastic worm is a plastic fishing lure, generally made to simulate an earthworm.
Deadsticking – While fishing, generally for black bass, deadsticking is the act of presenting a soft plastic lure either by casting or a vertical drop and allowing the bait to remain motionless for an extended period time before retrieval.
Texas rig – The Texas rig is a technique used for fishing with soft plastic lures.
Carolina rig – The Carolina rig is a plastic bait rig similar to the Texas rig, but with the weight fixed above the hook, instead of sliding down to it.

Fishing lures

Artificial fly – An artificial fly or fly lure is a type of fishing lure, usually used in the sport of fly fishing .
Fishing plug – Plugs are a popular type of hard-bodied fishing lure.
Swimbait – Swimbaits are a loosely defined class of fishing lures that imitate fish and tend to be distinct in design from a typical crankbait.
Hair rig – The hair rig is piece of fishing tackle which allows a bait to be presented without sitting directly on the hook.
Little Cleo – The Little Cleo is a small spoon lure made by the Acme Tackle Company which comes in nine sizes from ¹⁄₁₆ oz to 1 ¹⁄₄ oz, and in many different color combinations.
Mormyshka – Mormyshka is a sort of fishing lure or a jig.
Original floater – The Original Floater is a wobbler type of fishing lure, manufactured by Rapala.
Spinnerbait – A Spinnerbait refers to any one of a family of fishing lures that get their name from one or more metal blades shaped so as to spin like a propeller when the lure is in motion, creating varying degrees of flash and vibration that mimics small fish or other prey.
Spin fishing – Spin fishing is an angling technique where a spinning lure is used to entice the fish to bite.
Sabiki – A sabiki rig, sometimes called a piscatore rig, is a set of small lures typically used to catch fish that eat small prey.
Jig fishing – Jigging is the practice of fishing with a jig, a type of fishing lure.
Spoon lure – A spoon lure, in sport fishing, is an oblong, concave lure, usually of metal or shell, shaped like the bowl of a spoon.
Spoonplug – A spoonplug is a form of fishing lure.
Surface lure – A surface lure is a fishing lure designed to waddle, pop, lock, drop, pulse, twitch or fizz across the surface of the water as it is retrieved, and in doing so imitate surface prey for fish such as mice, lizards, frogs, cicadas, moths and small injured fish.
Topwater lure – A Topwater fishing lure is a type of fishing lure, usually floating, that may be moved about the surface of water in order to attract and cause fish to attempt to strike the lure.
Heddon – Heddon is a brand of artificial fishing lures created by James Heddon, who is credited with the invention of the first artificial fishing lures made of wood in the late 1890s.
Zara spook – Zara Spook 9260 is a topwater type fishing lure.

Bite indicators

Bite indicators –
Fishing float – A float, also called a bobber, is a device used in angling that serves two main purposes: it can suspend the bait at a predetermined depth, and it can serve as a bite indicator.
Shortfloating – Shortfloating is an angling method developed to increase the chances of catching a willing fish while decreasing the loss of terminal gear.
Pellet waggler – A pellet waggler is a small, dumpy, float used for fishing.
Quiver tip – A quiver tip is the top section, or tip, of the fishing rod which is designed to move, or quiver, when a fish bites.

Apparel etc

Hip boot – Hip boots, or waders as they are colloquially called, are a type of boot initially designed to be worn by river fishermen.
Waders – Waders refers to a waterproof boot extending from the foot to the chest, traditionally made from vulcanised rubber, but available in more modern PVC, neoprene and Gore-Tex variants.
Diving mask – A diving mask is an item of diving equipment that allows scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers to see clearly underwater.
Creel – Creel is a type of small wicker basket mainly used by anglers to hold fish or other prey.
Personal flotation device – A personal flotation device is a device designed to assist a wearer, either conscious or unconscious, to keep afloat.
Wetsuit – A wetsuit is a garment, usually made of foamed neoprene, which is worn by surfers, divers, windsurfers, canoeists, and others engaged in water sports, providing thermal insulation, abrasion resistance and buoyancy.

Fishing techniques

Gathering seafood by hand – Gathering seafood by hand can be as easy as picking shellfish or kelp up off the beach, or doing some digging for clams or crabs, or perhaps diving under the water for abalone or lobsters.
Angling – Angling is a method of fishing by means of an "angle" .
Handline fishing
Fishing net – A fishing net or fishnet is a net used for fishing.
Fish trap – A fish trap is a trap used for fishing.
spears – Spearfishing is an ancient method of fishing that has been used throughout the world for millennia.
Trawling – Trawling is a method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats.
Other – A fishfinder is an instrument used to locate fish underwater by detecting reflected pulses of sound energy, as in SONAR.

Gathering

Gathering seafood by hand – Gathering seafood by hand can be as easy as picking shellfish or kelp up off the beach, or doing some digging for clams or crabs, or perhaps diving under the water for abalone or lobsters.
Clam digging – Clam digging is a common means of harvesting clams from below the surface of the tidal mud flats where they live.
Pearl diving – Pearl hunting or pearl diving refers to an obsolete method of retrieving pearls from pearl oysters, freshwater pearl mussels and, on rare occasions, other nacre-producing molluscs, such as abalone.
Ama divers – Japanese divers, famous for collecting pearls.
Scallops – Scallop aquaculture is the commercial activity of cultivating scallops until they reach a marketable size and can be sold as a consumer product. ^[5] ^[6]
Noodling – Noodling is fishing for catfish using only bare hands, practiced primarily in the southern United States.
Trout tickling – Trout tickling is the art of rubbing the underbelly of a trout using fingers. ^[7] If done properly, the trout will go into a trance-like state after a minute or so, and can then easily be thrown onto the nearest bit of dry land.
Trout binning – Trout binning is a method of fishing, possibly fictional, described in the English periodical "The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction" .
Flounder tramping – Flounder tramping is a traditional method of catching flounder or other flat fish by wading in shallow water and standing on them.

Spears

Spearfishing – Spearfishing is an ancient method of fishing that has been used throughout the world for millennia.
Speargun – A speargun is an underwater fishing implement designed to fire a spear at fish.
Polespear – A polespear is an underwater tool used in spearfishing, consisting of a pole, a spear tip, and a rubber loop.
Bowfishing – Bowfishing is a method of fishing that uses specialized archery equipment to shoot and retrieve fish.
Harpoon – A harpoon is a long spear-like instrument used in fishing to catch fish or large marine mammals such as whales.
Gigging – Gigging is the practice of hunting fish or small game with a gig or similar multi-pronged spear.
Trident – A trident , also called a trishula or leister or gig, is a three-pronged spear.
Hawaiian sling – The Hawaiian sling is a device used in spearfishing.

Lines

Handline fishing – Handline fishing, or handlining, is fishing with a single fishing line which is held in the hands.
Longline fishing – Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique. ^[8]
Trolling – method of fishing where one or more fishing lines, baited with lures or bait fish, are drawn through the water.
Dropline – A dropline is a commercial fishing device, consisting of a long fishing line set vertically down into the water, with a series of fishing hooks attached to snoods.
Trotline – A trotline is a heavy fishing line with baited hooks attached at intervals by means of branch lines called snoods. ^[9]
Jigging – Jigging is the practice of fishing with a jig, a type of fishing lure.
Jiggerpole – A jiggerpole is a very long fishing pole that is used with a very short and very heavy line, usually a foot or less of 50 lbf test or heavier.

Nets

Fishing net – A fishing net or fishnet is a net used for fishing.
Cast net – A cast net, also called a throw net, is a net used for fishing.
Chinese fishing net – The Chinese fishing nets are fishing nets that are fixed land installations for an unusual form of fishing — shore operated lift nets.
Drift net – Drift netting is a fishing technique where nets, called drift nets, are allowed to float freely at the surface of a sea or lake.
Ghost nets –
Gill net – Gillnetting is a common fishing method used by commercial and artisanal fishermen of all the oceans and in some freshwater and estuary areas.
Glass floats
Hand net – A hand net, also called a scoop net, is a net or mesh basket held open by a hoop.
Lampara net – Lampara nets are surround nets with the shape of a spoon or dust pan.
Lampuki net – Lampuki is the Maltese name for the dorado or mahi-mahi, a kind of fish that migrates past the Maltese islands during the autumn.
Lave net – A lave net is a type of fishing net used in river estuaries, particularly in the Severn Estuary in Wales and England to catch salmon.
Surrounding net – A surrounding net is a fishing net which surrounds fish on the sides and underneath.
Seine net – Seine fishing is a method of fishing that employs a seine or dragnet.
Tangle net –
Trawl net – Trawling is a method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats.
Turtle excluder device – A turtle excluder device or TED is a specialized device that allows a captured sea turtle to escape when caught in a fisherman's net.

Traps

Fishing traps – A fish trap is a trap used for fishing.
Fish wheel – A fish wheel is a device for catching fish which operates much as a water-powered mill wheel.
Fishing weir – A fishing weir, or fish weir, is an obstruction placed in tidal waters or wholly or partially across a river, which is designed to hinder the passage of fish.
Fishing basket – A fishing basket is a basket used for fishing.
Crab trap – Crab traps are used to bait, lure, and catch crabs for commercial or recreational use.
Eel buck – Eel bucks are a type of fish trap that was prevalent in the River Thames in England up to the 20th century.
Lobster trap – A lobster trap or lobster pot is a portable trap that traps lobsters or crayfish and is used in lobster fishing.
Putcher fishing – Putcher fishing is a type of fishing which employs a large number of putcher baskets, set in a fixed wooden frame, against the tide in a river estuary, notably on the River Severn, in England and South East Wales.
Corf or Corve
Trabucco
Almadraba – Almadraba tuna is tuna caught by an elaborate and age-old Andalusian technique of setting nets in a maze that leads to a central pool called "copo".
Double-Heart of Stacked Stones – The Double-heart of stacked stones or the Twin-Heart Fish Trap is a stone weir located on the north side of Cimei, an island in the Penghu archipelago to the west of Taiwan.

Other

Fishfinder – A fishfinder is an instrument used to locate fish underwater by detecting reflected pulses of sound energy, as in SONAR.
Fishing light attractor – A fishing light attractor is a fishing aid which uses lights attached to structure above water or suspended underwater to attract both fish and members of their food chain to specific areas in order to harvest them.
Fish aggregating device – A fish aggregating device is a man-made object used to attract ocean going pelagic fish such as marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi .
Payaos – A payaos is a type of fish aggregating device used in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines.
Basnig – Basnig is a traditional fishing technique in the Philippines.
Flossing – Flossers are anglers who use the method of "bottom bouncing" to catch fish.
Ice fishing – Ice fishing is the practice of catching fish with lines and fish hooks or spears through an opening in the ice on a frozen body of water.
Cormorant fishing – Cormorant fishing is a traditional fishing method in which fishermen use trained cormorants to fish in rivers.
Kite fishing
Electrofishing – uses electricity to stun fish before they are caught.
Shrimp baiting – Shrimp baiting is a method used by recreational fisherman for of catching shrimp.
Dredging – A fishing dredge, also known as a scallop dredge, oyster dredge, etc, is a kind of dredge which is towed along the bottom of the sea by a fishing boat in order to collect a targeted edible bottom-dwelling species.
Muroami – The muro-ami fishing technique, employed on coral reefs in Southeast Asia, uses an encircling net together with pounding devices.
Explosives – Blast fishing or dynamite fishing is the practice of using explosives to stun or kill schools of fish for easy collection.
Cyanide fishing – Cyanide fishing is a method of collecting live fish mainly for use in aquariums, which involves spraying a sodium cyanide mixture into the desired fish's habitat in order to stun the fish.
Fish toxins – Fish toxins or fish stupifying plants have historically been used by many hunter gatherer cultures to stun fish, so that the fish become easy to collect by hand.

Fishing vessels

Fishing vessel – A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.
Traditional boats – The coble is a type of open traditional fishing boat which developed on the North East coast of England.
Fishing trawler – A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls.
Seiner – Seine fishing is a method of fishing that employs a seine or dragnet.
Drifter –
Longliner – Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique. ^[10]
Factory ship – A factory ship, also known as a fish processing vessel, is a large ocean-going vessel with extensive on-board facilities for processing and freezing caught fish.
Fishing fleet – A fishing fleet is an aggregate of commercial fishing vessels.
Research vessel – A research vessel is a ship designed and equipped to carry out research at sea.
Whalers – Whalers may refer to:
Deadliest Catch – Deadliest Catch is a documentary/reality television series produced by Original Productions for the Discovery Channel.

Traditional fishing boats

Traditional fishing boats
Bawley – A Bawley was an English sailing vessel typified by a boomless cutter rig and probably named for having a boiler for cooking shrimp in amidships.
Bokkura – Bokkura is the smallest sailing vessel used in Maldives.
caïque –
Cape Islander – A Cape Island style fishing boat is an inshore motor fishing boat found across Atlantic Canada having a single keeled flat bottom at the stern and more rounded towards the bow.
Coble – The coble is a type of open traditional fishing boat which developed on the North East coast of England.
Coracle – The coracle is a small, lightweight boat of the sort traditionally used in Wales but also in parts of Western and South Western England, Ireland , ^[11] and Scotland ; the word is also used of similar boats found in India, Vietnam, Iraq and Tibet.
Couta – A couta boat is a type of boat sailed in Victoria, Australia, around Sorrento and Queenscliff and along Victoria's west coast as far west as Portland.
Currach – A Currach is a type of Irish boat with a wooden frame, over which animal skins or hides were once stretched, though now canvas is more usual.
Dogger – The dogger was a form of fishing boat, developed during the seventeenth century, that commonly operated in the North Sea.
Dhoni – Dhoni or Doni is a multi-purpose sail boat with a motor or lateen sails that is used in the Maldives.
Dugout – A dugout or dugout canoe is a boat made from a hollowed tree trunk.
falkusa – A falkusa is a traditional fishing boat used by fishermen from the town of Komiža on the Adriatic island of Vis, Croatia. ^[12]
Felucca – A felucca is a traditional wooden sailing boat used in protected waters of the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean including Malta, and particularly along the Nile in Egypt, Sudan, and also in Iraq.
Fifie – The Fifie is a design of sailing boat developed on the east coast of Scotland.
Friendship sloop – The Friendship sloop, also known as a Muscongus Bay sloop or lobster sloop, is a style of gaff-rigged sloop that originated in Friendship, Maine around 1880.
Galway hooker – The Galway hooker is a traditional fishing boat used in Galway Bay off the west coast of Ireland.
Herring buss – A herring buss was a type of sea-going fishing vessel, used by Dutch and Flemish herring fishermen in the 15th through early 19th centuries.
Jangada – A Jangada is a traditional fishing boat made of wood used in the northern region of Brazil.
Jukung – A jukung or canoe is a small wooden Indonesian boat.
Kolae – A Kolae boat is a traditional fishing boat used in the lower southern provinces of Thailand.
Lugger – A lugger is a class of boats, widely used as traditional fishing boats, particularly off the coasts of France, England and Scotland.
Luzzu – A luzzu is a traditional fishing boat from the Maltese islands.
Mackinaw – The Mackinaw boat is a loose term for a light, open sailboat used in the interior of North America during the fur trading era.
Monterey clipper – The Monterey Clipper is a fishing boat common to the San Francisco Bay Area, the Monterey Bay Area and east to the Sacramento delta.
Nobby – The nobby is an inshore sailing boat which was used as a traditional fishing boat around Lancashire and the Isle of Man.
Nordland – The Nordland boat , is a type of fishing boat that has been used for centuries in northern counties of Nordland, Troms and Finnmark of Norway and derives its name from Nordland county where it has a long history.
Pirogue – A pirogue is a small, flat-bottomed boat of a design associated particularly with the Cajuns of the Louisiana marsh.
Poveiro – The Poveiro is a genre of fishing vessel, for coastal and deep sea fishing, mostly used in Northern Portugal from the Douro river till Galicia by the people of Póvoa de Varzim, its fisher colonies along the coast, and related communities in Northern Portugal.
Reed boat – Reed boats and rafts, along with dugout canoes and other rafts, are among the oldest known types of boats.
Sampan – A sampan is a relatively flat bottomed Chinese wooden boat from long.
Sgoth – A Sgoth or Sgoth Niseach is a traditional type of clinker built skiff with a dipping lug rig and a Lateen style sail built mainly in Ness.
Shad boat – The shad boat is a traditional fishing boat which was proclaimed the Official State Historic Boat of North Carolina by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1987.
Sixareen – The sixareen or sixern is a traditional fishing boat used around the Shetland Islands.
Smack – A smack was a traditional fishing boat used off the coast of England and the Atlantic coast of America for most of the 19th century, and even in small numbers up to the Second World War.
Sneakbox – A sneakbox is a small boat that can be sailed, rowed, poled or sculled.
Well smack – A well smack is a type of traditional fishing boat that has a well amidships.
Yawl – A yawl is a two-masted sailing craft similar to a sloop or cutter but with an additional mast located well aft of the main mast, often right on the transom, specifically aft of the rudder post. ^[13]
Yoal – The Yoal, often referred to as the Ness Yoal, is a clinker built craft used traditionally in the Shetland Islands.

The dory

Dory – The dory is a small, shallow-draft boat, about long.
Banks dory – The Banks dory, also known as the Grand Banks dory, is the most common variation of the family of boats known as dories.
Cape Ann dory – The Cape Ann dory is a traditional fishing boat, a variant of the beach dory or Swampscott dory.
Gloucester dory – The Gloucester dory is a variant of the Banks dory, a type of narrow-bottomed, slab-sided boat, common in the North Eastern United States.
McKenzie River dory – The McKenzie dory or Rogue River dory also called by many a Drift Boat is an evolution of the open-water dory, converted for use in rivers.
Swampscott dory – The Swampscott dory is a traditional fishing boat, used during the middle of the 19th century by fishing villages along the coast of Massachusetts.

Oyster boats =

Bugeye –
Deadrise – The Chesapeake Bay deadrise is a type of traditional fishing boat used in the Chesapeake Bay.
Log canoe – The log canoe is a type of sailboat developed in the Chesapeake Bay region.
Pungy – The pungy is a type of schooner developed in and peculiar to the Chesapeake Bay region.
Schooners – Oyster schooners are a type of traditional fishing boat specifically designed for the harvesting of oysters.
Sharpie – Sharpies are a type of hard chined sailboat with a flat bottom, extremely shallow draft, centerboards and straight, flaring sides.
Skipjack – The skipjack is a traditional fishing boat used on Chesapeake Bay for oyster dredging.

Recreational fishing boats

Bass boat – A bass boat is a small boat that is designed and equipped primarily for bass fishing or fishing for other panfish, usually in freshwater such as lakes, rivers and streams.
Farley – Farley Boats set the standard along the Gulf Coast for fishing and sport from 1915 to the mid-1970s.

History of fishing

Traditional fishing boats
Chasse-marée – specific, archaic type of decked commercial sailing vessel.
Fishing in Cornwall – Fishing in Cornwall has traditionally been one of the main elements of the economy.
Scottish east coast fishery – The Scottish east coast fishery has been in existence for more than a thousand years, spanning the Viking period right up to the present day.
Garum – Garum, similar to liquamen, ^[14] was a condiment
Munster pilchard fishery 1570–1750
Fishery Protection Squadron – The Fishery Protection Squadron is a front-line squadron of the Royal Navy with responsibility for patrolling the UK's Extended Fisheries Zone.
Pearling in Western Australia – Pearling in Western Australia existed well before European settlement.
Scania Market – The Scania Market was a major fish market for herring which took place annually in Scania during the Middle Ages.
Harold Innis and the cod fishery – Harold Adams Innis was a professor of political economy at the University of Toronto and the author of seminal works on Canadian economic history and on media and communication theory. ^[15]
Fishing stage – wooden vernacular building, typical of the rough traditional buildings associated with the cod fishery in Newfoundland, Canada.

Conflicts

Bering Sea Arbitration – The Bering Sea Arbitration arose out of a fishery dispute between Great Britain and the United States in the 1880s which was closed by this arbitration in 1893.
Korean maritime border incidents (crab wars)
Cod wars – The Cod Wars, also called the Icelandic Cod Wars , were a series of confrontations in the 1950s and 1970s between the United Kingdom and Iceland regarding fishing rights in the North Atlantic.
Newlyn riots – The Newlyn riots were a major civil disturbance that occurred in Newlyn, Cornwall, UK on the three days beginning 18 May 1896 ; it arose from the local fishery and the trade in fish.
Shetland bus – The Shetland Bus was the nickname of a clandestine special operations group that made a permanent link between Shetland, Scotland, and German-occupied Norway from 1941 until the German occupation ended on 8 May 1945.
Turbot War – The Turbot War of 1995 was an international fishing dispute between Canada, and Spain in which Canada stopped a Galician fishing trawler in international waters and arrested its crew.

Disasters and memorials

Stotfield fishing disaster – The Stotfield fishing disaster was the first of several fishing disasters of the 19th century on the east coast of Scotland.
Eyemouth disaster – The Eyemouth disaster was a severe European windstorm that struck the southern coast of Scotland, United Kingdom, specifically Berwickshire, on 14 October 1881.
Moray Firth fishing disaster – The Moray Firth fishing disaster of August 1848 was one of the worst fishing disasters in maritime history on the east coast of Scotland, and was caused by a severe storm that struck the Moray Firth.
2004 Morecambe Bay cockling disaster – The Morecambe Bay cockling disaster occurred on the evening of 5 February 2004 at Morecambe Bay in North West England, when at least 21 cockle pickers were drowned by an incoming tide off the Lancashire/Cumbrian coast.
1959 Escuminac hurricane – The 1959 Escuminac Hurricane was one of the deadliest Canadian hurricanes.
Steveston Fisherman's Memorial – The Steveston Fisherman's Memorial is a freestanding memorial commemorating the lives and deaths of fishermen working out of Steveston, British Columbia.

Historic fishing culture

Historic fishing villages

Fishing village – A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood.
Traditional fishing villages –
- Akwidaa – Akwidaa is a fishing village in the Western Region of south-west Ghana, and is one of the southernmost places in Ghana.
- Algajola – Algajola is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica.
- Ardglass –
- Bermeo – Bermeo is a town and municipality in the sub-region of Busturialdea.
- Bethsaida
- Bolungarvík – Bolungarvík is a fishing village and municipality in the North-West of Iceland, located at the Vestfirðir peninsula, approximately 14 kilometres from the town of Ísafjörður and 473 km from the capital city Reykjavík.
- Cadgwith – Cadgwith is a village and fishing port in Cornwall, United Kingdom.
- Catalan Bay – Catalan Bay is a small bay and fishing village in Gibraltar, on the eastern side of The Rock away from the main city.
- Ciboure – Ciboure is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
- Clovelly – Clovelly is a village in the Torridge district of Devon, England.
- Cullercoats – Cullercoats is an urban area of north east England, with a population 9,407 in 2004.
- Dunmore East – Dunmore East is a popular tourist and fishing village village in County Waterford, Ireland.
- Ea, Biscay – Ea is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the
- Elantxobe – Elantxobe is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.
- Findon – Findon or Finnan is a fishing village eight miles south of Aberdeen, ^[16] famous for originating the smoked haddock known as Finnan haddie.
- Getaria – Getaria is a coastal town located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in the North of Spain.
- Guéthary – Guéthary is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
- Gilleleje – Gilleleje is, with a population of 6,491 ,
- Grip – Grip is an archipelago, a deserted fishing village, and a former municipality about northwest of the city of Kristiansund.
- Gümüşlük – Gümüşlük, a seaside village and fishing port in Turkey, is situated on the remains of the ancient city of Myndos.
- Hondarribia – Hondarribia is a town situated on the west shore of Bidasoa river's mouth, in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain.
- Hovden – fishing community in Bø municipality in Nordland county, Norway.
- Huanchaco – Huanchaco beach is a summer vacation spot located in the northern city of Trujillo, Peru.
- Kaunolu Village – Kaunolū Village Site is located on the south coast of the island of Lānaʻi.
- Ladner – Ladner was created as a fishing village on the banks of the Fraser River.
- Lamorna – Lamorna is a fishing village and cove in west Cornwall, United Kingdom.
- Lekeitio – Lekeitio is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Spanish Autonomous Community of Basque Country, 53 km northeast from Bilbao.
- Marsaxlokk – Marsaxlokk is a traditional fishing village located in the south-eastern part of Malta, with a population of 3,277 people .
- Moskenes – Moskenes is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway.
- Mundaka – Mundaka is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.
- Mutriku – Mutriku is a town located in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Autonomous Community of Basque Country in northern Spain.
- Newhaven – Newhaven is a district in the City of Edinburgh, Scotland, between Leith and Granton.
- Nyksund – Nyksund is a coastal village in Vesterålen, northern Norway .
- Old Perlican
- Ondarroa – Ondarroa is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.
- Ona – Ona is a village and an island group located in the municipality of Sandøy in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.
- Orio – Orio is a fishing town located in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Autonomous Community, northern Spain, with the town nucleus lying on the river Oria, roughly one mile away from its mouth by the Bay of Biscay.
- Pasaia – Pasaia is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Autonomous Community of northern Spain.
- Peggys Cove – Peggys Cove , also known as Peggy's Cove from 1961 to 1976, is a small rural community located on the eastern shore of St.
- Pittenweem – Pittenweem is a small and secluded fishing village and civil parish tucked in the corner of Fife on the east coast of Scotland.
- Plentzia – Plentzia is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, in northern Spain.
- Po Toi O – Po Toi O is a small fishing village
- Polperro – Polperro is a village and fishing harbour on the south-east Cornwall coast in South West England, UK, within the civil parish of Lansallos.
- Port Isaac – Port Isaac a.k.a.
- Portmahomack – Portmahomack is a small fishing village in Easter Ross, Scotland.
- Portavogie – Portavogie
- Portofino – Portofino is a small Italian fishing village, comune and tourist resort located in the province of Genoa on the Italian Riviera.
- St. Abbs – St.
- Red Bay – Red Bay is a fishing village and former site of several Basque whaling stations on the southern coast of Labrador in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
- Reine – Reine is the administrative centre of Moskenes municipality, located on the northern coast of Norway, above the Arctic Circle, about 140 miles south of Tromsø.
- Saint Malo – Saint Malo was a small fishing village that existed in St.
- Sa Riera –
- Saint-Jean-de-Luz – Saint-Jean-de-Luz is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
- Sayulita – Sayulita is a village about 25 miles north of downtown Puerto Vallarta in the state of Nayarit, Mexico, with a population of approximately 4,000.
- Sigri – Sigri is a small fishing village near the western tip of Lesbos Island.
- Staithes – Staithes is a seaside village in North Yorkshire, England.
- Steveston – Steveston was originally a small town near Vancouver, British Columbia, but has since been absorbed into the city of Richmond, British Columbia.
- Súðavík – Súðavík is a village and municipality and a fishing village on the west coast of Álftarfjörður in Vestfirðir, Iceland .
- Suðureyri – Suðureyri is a small Icelandic fishing village perched on the tip of the 13 km-long Súgandafjörður in the Westfjords.
- Tai O – Tai O is a fishing town, partly located on an island of the same name, on the western side of Lantau Island in Hong Kong.
- Tilting – Tilting is a town on the eastern end of Fogo Island off the northeast coast of Newfoundland.
- Udappu – Udappu or Udappuwa is a traditional Tamil fishing and shrimp farming village.
- Vernazza – Vernazza is a town and comune located in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northwestern Italy.
- Walraversijde – Walraversijde is an abandoned medieval fishing village on the Belgian coast, near Ostend.
- Zumaia – Zumaia is a small town in the north of Spain in the Basque Country.

Historic fishing communities

Community supported fishery – A community supported fishery is a shore-side community of people collaborating with the local fishing community.
Atlit Yam – Atlit Yam is an ancient submerged Neolithic village off the coast of Atlit, Israel.
Halong Bay Ha Long Bay
Lofoten – Lofoten is an archipelago and a traditional district in the county of Nordland, Norway.
Macassan
Newfoundland outports –
Sørvágur – Sørvágur is a village on the island of Vágoy in the Faroe Islands.
Tlingit
Uru people
Vezo – The Vezo is the term the semi-nomadic coastal people of southern Madagascar use to refer to people that have become accustomed to live from sea fishing. ^[17] The Vezo speak a dialect of the Malagasy language, which is a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language group derived from the Barito languages, spoken in southern Borneo. ^[18]

Aquatic ecosystems

Aquatic ecosystems - General

Aquatic ecosystems
Acoustic ecology – Acoustic ecology, sometimes called ecoacoustics or soundscape studies, is the relationship, mediated through sound, between living beings and their environment. ^[19] Acoustic ecology studies started in the late 1960s with R.
Algal bloom – An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in an aquatic system.
Anoxic waters – Anoxic waters are areas of sea water or fresh water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen.
Aquatic adaptation – Several animal groups have undergone aquatic adaptation, going from being purely terrestrial animals to living at least part of the time in water.
Aquatic animals
Aquatic biodiversity research – Aquatic biodiversity research is the field of scientific research studying marine and freshwater biological diversity
Aquatic biomonitoring – Aquatic biomonitoring is the science of inferring the ecological condition of rivers, lakes, streams, and wetlands by examining the organisms that live there.
Aquatic insects – Aquatic insects live some portion of their life cycle in the water.
Aquatic layers – Any water in a sea or lake that is not close to the bottom or near to the shore can be said to be in the pelagic zone.
Aquatic plants Aquatic plant
Aquatic predation – Aquatic predation presents a special difficulty as compared to predation on land, because the density of water is about the same as that of the prey, so that the prey tends to be pushed away.
Aquatic respiration – Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic animal obtains oxygen from water.
Aquatic science – Aquatic Science is the multidisciplinary study of aquatic systems, encompassing both freshwater and marine systems.
Aquatic toxicology – Aquatic toxicology is the study of the effects of manufactured chemicals and other anthropogenic and natural materials and activities on aquatic organisms at various levels of organization, from subcellular through individual organisms to communities and ecosystems.
Benthos – Benthos refers to species living in or on the ocean bottom and represent the greatest proportion of marine species.
Bioluminescence – Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism. ^[20]
Biomass – Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.
Cascade effect – An ecological cascade effect is a series of secondary extinctions that is triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem. ^[21] ^[22]
Colored dissolved organic matter – Colored dissolved organic matter is the optically measurable component of the dissolved organic matter in water.
Dead zone – Dead zones are hypoxic areas in the world's oceans, the observed incidences of which have been increasing since oceanographers began noting them in the 1970s.
Ecohydrology – Ecohydrology "; , hydōr, "water"; and , -logia) is an interdisciplinary field studying the interactions between water and ecosystems.
Eutrophication – Eutrophication or more precisely hypertrophication, is the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage, to an aquatic system.
Fisheries science – Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries.
Food chain – A food chain is somewhat a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from a trophic species that eats no other species in the web and ends at a trophic species that is eaten by no other species in the web. ^[23]
Food web – A food web depicts feeding connections in an ecological community.
Hydrobiology – Hydrobiology is the science of life and life processes in water.
Hypoxia – Hypoxia, or oxygen depletion, is a phenomenon that occurs in aquatic environments as dissolved oxygen becomes reduced in concentration to a point where it becomes detrimental to aquatic organisms living in the system.
Microbial ecology – Microbial ecology is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment.
Microbial food web – The microbial food web refers the combined trophic interactions among microbes in aquatic environments.
Microbial loop – The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway in the marine microbial food web where dissolved organic carbon is returned to higher trophic levels via the incorporation into bacterial biomass, and coupled with the classic food chain formed by phytoplankton-zooplankton-nekton.
Nekton – Nekton refers to the aggregate of actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water able to move independently of water currents.
Neuston – Neuston is the collective term for the organisms that float on the top of water or live right under the surface .
Particle – In marine and freshwater ecology, a particle is a small object.
Photic zone – The photic zone or euphotic zone is the depth of the water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur.
Phytoplankton – Phytoplankton are the autotrophic component of the plankton community.
Plankton – Plankton are any drifting organisms that inhabit the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water.
Productivity – In ecology, productivity or production refers to the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem.
Ramsar Convention – The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands,
Schooling – In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling , and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling .
Sediment trap – Sediment traps are instruments used in oceanography to measure the quantity of sinking particulate organic material in aquatic systems, usually oceans.
Siltation – Siltation is the pollution of water by fine particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay.
Spawning – Spawn refers to the eggs and sperm released or deposited, usually into water, by aquatic animals.
Substrate – Stream substrate is the material that rests at the bottom of a stream.
Thermal pollution – Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.
Trophic level –
Underwater camouflage and mimicry – Underwater camouflage and mimicry is a technique of crypsis—avoidance of observation—that allows an otherwise visible aquatic organism to remain indiscernible from the surrounding environment, or pretend to be something else by mimicking another organism or object.
Water column – A water column is a conceptual column of water from surface to bottom sediments.
Zooplankton – Zooplankton are heterotrophic plankton.

Fresh water ecosystems

Freshwater ecosystems
Brackish marsh – Brackish marshes develop by salt marshes where a significant freshwater influx dilute the seawater to brackish levels of salinity.
Freshwater biology – Freshwater biology is the scientific biological study of freshwater ecosystems and is a branch of Limnology.
Freshwater biomes –
Freshwater fish – Freshwater fish are fish that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%.
Freshwater marsh – A freshwater marsh is a marsh that contains fresh water.
Freshwater swamp forest – Freshwater swamp forests, or flooded forests,
Hyporheic zone – The hyporheic zone is a region beneath and alongside a stream bed, where there is mixing of shallow groundwater and surface water.
Lake ecosystems
Landscape limnology – Landscape limnology is the spatially explicit study of lakes, streams, and wetlands as they interact with the freshwater, terrestrial, and human landscapes to determine the effects of pattern on ecosystem processes across temporal and spatial scales.
Limnology – Limnology , also called freshwater science, is the study of inland waters.
Lake stratification – Lake stratification is the separation of lakes into three layers:
Macrophyte – A macrophyte is an aquatic plant that grows in or near water and is either emergent, submergent, or floating.
Pond – A pond is a body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is usually smaller than a lake. ^[24]
Fish pond – A fish pond, or fishpond, is a controlled pond, artificial lake, or reservoir that is stocked with fish and is used in aquaculture for fish farming, or is used for recreational fishing or for ornamental purposes.
Rheotaxis – Rheotaxis is a form of taxis seen in many aquatic organisms, e.g., fish, whereby they will turn to face into an oncoming current. ^[25]
River ecosystems River ecosystem
Stream bed – A stream bed is the channel bottom of a stream, river or creek; the physical confine of the normal water flow.
Stream pool – A stream pool, in hydrology, is a stretch of a river or stream in which the water depth is above average and the water velocity is quite below average.
Trophic state index – primary determinants of a body of water's trophic state index .
Upland and lowland – In studies of the ecology of freshwater rivers, habitats are classified as upland and lowland.
Water garden –
Wetland – A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on characteristics that distinguish it as a distinct ecosystem.
Environmental quality – Freshwater environmental quality parameters are the natural and man-made chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of rivers, lakes and ground-waters, the ways they are measured and the ways that they change.

Ecoregions

Ecoregions
Ecology of the Everglades – The geography and ecology of the Everglades involve the complex elements affecting the natural environment throughout the southern region of the U.S.
Freshwater ecology of Maharashtra – College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri

Marine ecosystem

Marine ecosystem – Marine ecosystems are among the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems.
f-ratio – In oceanic biogeochemistry, the f-ratio is the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate .
Iron fertilization – Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom.
Iron Hypothesis – The Iron Hypothesis was formulated by oceanographer John Martin, based on theories by Joseph Hart and first tested in 1993.
Large marine ecosystem – Large marine ecosystems are regions of the world's oceans, encompassing coastal areas from river basins and estuaries to the seaward boundaries of continental shelves and the outer margins of the major ocean current systems.
Marine biology – Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water.
Marine chemistry
Marine snow – In the deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.
Ocean nourishment – Ocean Nourishment is a type of geoengineering based on the purposeful introduction of nutrients to the upper ocean ^[26] to increase marine food production ^[27] and to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Ocean turbidity – Ocean turbidity is a measure of the amount of cloudiness or haziness in sea water caused by individual particles that are too small to be seen without magnification.
Photophore – A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods.
Thorson's rule – Thorson's rule
Upwelling – Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water. ^[28]
Whale fall – A whale fall is a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor.

Marine life

Census of Marine Life – The Census of Marine Life was a global network of researchers in more than 80 nations engaged in a 10-year scientific initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans.
Coastal fish – Coastal fish, also called offshore fish or neritic fish, are fish that inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the edge of the continental shelf.
Coral reef fish – Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs.
Deep sea communities – Deep sea communities currently remain largely unexplored, due the technological and logististical challenges and expense involved in visiting these remote biomes.
Deep sea creature – The term deep sea creature refers to organisms that live below the photic zone of the ocean.
Deep sea fish – Deep-sea fish is a term for any fish that lives below the photic zone of the ocean.
Deep-water coral – The habitat of deep-water corals, also known as cold-water corals, extends to deeper, darker parts of the oceans than tropical corals, ranging from near the surface to the abyss, beyond where water temperatures may be as cold as 4°C.
Demersal fish – Demersal fish live on or near the bottom of the sea or lakes.
Marine bacteriophage – Marine bacteriophages or marine phages are viruses that live as obligate parasitic agents in marine bacteria such as cyanobacteria. ^[28]^[29] Their existence was discovered through electron microscopy and epifluorescence microscopy of ecological water samples, and later through metagenomic sampling of uncultured viral samples.
Marine invertebrates – Marine invertebrates are multicellular animals that inhabit a marine environment and are invertebrates, lacking a vertebral column.
Marine larval ecology – Marine larval ecology is the study of the factors influencing the dispersing larval stage which is exhibited by many marine invertebrates and fishes.
Marine mammal – Marine mammals, which include seals, whales, dolphins, and walruses, form a diverse group of 128 species that rely on the ocean for their existence. ^[30] They do not represent a distinct biological grouping, but rather are unified by their reliance on the marine environment for feeding. ^[30] Marine mammals can be subdivided into four recognised groups; cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises), pinnipeds (seals, sea lions and walruses), sirenians (manatees and dugongs), and fissipeds, which are the group of carnivores with separate digits (the polar bear, and two species of otter). Both cetaceans and sirenians are fully aquatic and therefore are obligate ocean dwellers. Pinnipeds are semi-aquatic; they spend the majority of their time in the water, but need to return to land for important activities such as mating, breeding and molting. In contrast, both otters and the polar bear are much less adapted to ocean living.^[30] While the number of marine mammals is small compared to those found on land, their total biomass is large. They play important roles in maintaining marine ecosystems, especially through regulation of prey populations.^[31] The level of dependence on the marine environment for existence varies considerably with species. ^[32]
Marine reptile – Marine reptiles are reptiles which have become secondarily adapted for an aquatic or semi-aquatic life in a marine environment.
Marine vertebrate – Marine vertebrates are vertebrates which live in a marine environment.
Paradox of the plankton – In aquatic biology, the paradox of the plankton is the name given to the situation where a limited range of resources supports a much wider range of planktonic organisms.
Pelagic fish – Pelagic fish live near the surface or in the water column of coastal, ocean and lake waters, but not on the bottom of the sea or the lake.
Seabird – Seabirds are birds that have adapted to life within the marine environment.
Seashore wildlife – Seashore wildlife Habitats exist from the Tropics to the Arctic and Antarctic.
Wild fisheries – A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial value. Fisheries can be marine or freshwater. They can also be wild or farmed.

Marine habitats

Marine
habitats – The sedimentologist Francis Shepard classified coasts as primary or secondary.
Bay mud – Bay mud consists of thick deposits of soft, unconsolidated silty clay, which is saturated with water; these soil layers are situated at the bottom of certain estuaries, which are normally in temperate regions that have experienced cyclical glacial cycles.
Black smokers Hydrothermal vent
Estuaries – An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
Intertidal ecology – Intertidal ecology is the study of intertidal ecosystems, where organisms live between the low and high tide lines.
Intertidal wetlands –
Kelp forests
Lagoons
Biome#Marine biomes
Marine habitats – The sedimentologist Francis Shepard classified coasts as primary or secondary.
Mudflats
Rocky shores –
Salt marshes
Seagrass meadows – Seagrasses are flowering plants from one of four plant families , all in the order Alismatales , which grow in marine, fully saline environments.
Sponge reefs –
Tide pools

Issues

Ecological values of mangrove – Mangrove ecosystems represent natural capital capable of producing a wide range of goods and services for coastal environments and communities and society as a whole.
Fisheries and climate change – * Brander, Keith "Impacts of climate change on fisheries" Journal of Marine Systems, 79: 389–402.
HERMIONE – Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas, or HERMIONE, is an international multidisciplinary project, started in April 2009, that studies deep-sea ecosystems. ^[33] ^[34] HERMIONE scientists study the distribution of hotspot ecosystems, how they function and how they interconnect, partially in the context of how these ecosystems are being affected by climate change ^[35] and impacted by humans through fishing, resource extraction, seabed installations and pollution.
Marine conservation – Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.
Marine conservation activism – Marine conservation activism refers to the efforts of non-governmental organizations and individuals to bring about social and political change in the area of marine conservation.
Marine pollution – Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful effects, can result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms.
Marine Protected Area

Other environemntal concerns regarding fishing

Environmental impact of fishing
Overfishing – Overfishing is the act whereby fish stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels, regardless of water body size.
- Fishing down the food web – Fishing down the food web is the process whereby fisheries in a given ecosystem, "having depleted the large predatory fish on top of the food web, turn to increasingly smaller species, finally ending up with previously spurned small fish and invertebrates."
Population dynamics of fisheries – * Birth rate or recruitment.
Sustainable seafood – Sustainable seafood is seafood from either fished or farmed sources that can maintain or increase production in the future without jeopardizing the ecosystems from which it was acquired.
Tragedy of the commons – The tragedy of the commons is a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource, even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen.
Marine conservation – Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.
- Marine conservation activism – Marine conservation activism refers to the efforts of non-governmental organizations and individuals to bring about social and political change in the area of marine conservation.
Marine debris – Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human created waste that has deliberately or accidentally become afloat in a lake, sea, ocean or waterway.
Marine pollution – Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful effects, can result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms.
Marine Protected Area
Marine Stewardship Council – The Marine Stewardship Council is an independent non-profit organization which sets a standard for sustainable fishing.

Fisheries

Fisheries science and wild fisheries

Fisheries science – Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries.
Wild fisheries – A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial value. Fisheries can be marine or freshwater. They can also be wild or farmed.

Fisheries science

Population dynamics of fisheries –
Shifting baseline – Shifting baseline is a term used to describe the way significant changes to a system are measured against previous reference points , which themselves may represent significant changes from the original state of the system.
Fish stock – Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of fish, for which intrinsic parameters are the only significant factors in determining population dynamics, while extrinsic factors are considered to be insignificant.
Fish mortality – Fish mortality is a term widely used in fisheries science that denotes the loss of fish from a stock through death.
Condition index – The condition index in fish is a way to measure the overall health of a fish by comparing its weight with the typical weight of other fish of the same kind and of the same length.
Stock assessment – Stock assessments provide fisheries managers with the information that is used in the regulation of a fish stock.
Fish measurement – Fish measurement is the measuring of the length of individual fish and of various parts of their anatomy.
Fish counter – Automatic fish counters are automatic devices for measuring the number of fish passing along a particular river in a particular period of time.
Data storage tag – A data storage tag , also sometimes known as an archival tag, is a data logger that uses sensors to record data at predetermined intervals.
Catch per unit effort – In fisheries and conservation biology, the catch per unit effort is an indirect measure of the abundance of a target species.
Otolith microchemical analysis – Otolith microchemical analysis is a technique used in fisheries management and fisheries biology to delineate stocks and characterize movements, and natal origin of fish.
Biomass – Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.
Fisheries acoustics – Fisheries acoustics includes a range of research and practical application topics using acoustical devices as sensors in aquatic environments.
Acoustic tag – An acoustic tag is a small sound-emitting device that allows the detection and/or remote tracking of fish in three dimensions.
EcoSCOPE – The ecoSCOPE is an optical sensor system, deployed from a small remotely operated vehicle or fibre optic cable, to investigate behavior and microdistribution of small organisms in the ocean.
Age class structure – Age class structure in fisheries and wildlife management is a part of population assessment.
Trophic level –
Trophic cascades –
Match/mismatch hypothesis – The match/mismatch hypothesis was first described by David Cushing .
Fisheries and climate change – * Brander, Keith "Impacts of climate change on fisheries" Journal of Marine Systems, 79: 389–402.
Marine biology – Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water.
Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic ecosystem
Bioeconomics – Bioeconomics is closely related to the early development of theories in fisheries economics, initially in the mid 1950s by Canadian economists Scott Gordon ^[36] and Anthony Scott . Their ideas used recent achievements in biological fisheries modelling, primarily the works by Schaefer on establishing a formal relationship between fishing activities and biological growth through mathematical modelling confirmed by empirical studies, and also relates itself to ecology and the environment and resource protection.
EconMult – EconMult is a general fleet model to be used in fisheries modelling.
Ecopath – Ecopath with Ecosim is a free ecosystem modelling software suite, initially started at NOAA by Jeffrey Polovina, but has since primarily been developed at the Fisheries Centre of the University of British Columbia.
FishBase – FishBase is a comprehensive database of information about fish species . ^[37] It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web. ^[38] Over time it has "evolved into a dynamic and versatile ecological tool", widely cited in scholarly publications. ^[39]
Census of Marine Life – The Census of Marine Life was a global network of researchers in more than 80 nations engaged in a 10-year scientific initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans.
OSTM – The Ocean Surface Topography Mission on the Jason-2 satellite ^[40] is an international Earth observation satellite mission that continues the sea surface height measurements begun in 1992 by the joint NASA/CNES TOPEX/Poseidon mission ^[41] and followed by the NASA/CNES Jason-1 mission launched in 2001.

Wild fisheries

Ocean fisheries –
Diversity of fish – Fish are very diverse and are categorized in many ways.
Coastal fish – Coastal fish, also called offshore fish or neritic fish, are fish that inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the edge of the continental shelf.
Coral reef fish – Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs.
Demersal fish – Demersal fish live on or near the bottom of the sea or lakes.
Forage fish – Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish which are preyed on by larger predators for food.
Pelagic fish – Pelagic fish live near the surface or in the water column of coastal, ocean and lake waters, but not on the bottom of the sea or the lake.
Cod fisheries – Cod fisheries are fisheries for cod.
Crab fisheries – Crab fisheries are fisheries which capture or farm crabs.
Eel fisheries – The spawning area of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, has also been precisely located to be to the west of the Suruga seamount
Krill fisheries – The krill fishery is the commercial fishery of krill, small shrimp-like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide.
Lobster fisheries – Lobster fishing, sometimes called lobstering, is the commercial or recreational harvesting of marine lobsters, spiny lobsters or crayfish.
Shrimp and prawn fisheries –
Eel ladder – An eel ladder is type of fish ladder designed to help eels swim past barriers, such as dams and weirs or even natural barriers, to reach upriver feeding grounds.
Fish ladder – A fish ladder, also known as a fishway, fish pass or fish steps, is a structure on or around artificial barriers to facilitate diadromous fishes' natural migration.
Fish screen – A fish screen is designed to prevent fish from swimming or being drawn into an aqueduct, cooling water intake, dam or other diversion on a river, lake or waterway where water is taken for human use.
Migration – Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres.
Salmon run – The salmon run is the time when salmon, which have migrated from the ocean, swim to the upper reaches of rivers where they spawn on gravel beds.
Sardine run – The sardine run of southern Africa occurs from May through July when billions of sardines – or more specifically the Southern African pilchard Sardinops sagax – spawn in the cool waters of the Agulhas Bank and move northward along the east coast of South Africa.
Shoaling and schooling – In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling , and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling .
Marine habitats – The sedimentologist Francis Shepard classified coasts as primary or secondary.
Marine snow – In the deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.
Water column – A water column is a conceptual column of water from surface to bottom sediments.
Upwelling – Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.^[28]
Humboldt current – The Humboldt Current , also known as the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north-westward along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile to northern Peru.
Algal blooms algal bloom
Dead zones – Dead zones are hypoxic areas in the world's oceans, the observed incidences of which have been increasing since oceanographers began noting them in the 1970s.
Fish kill – The term fish kill, known also as fish die-off and as fish mortality, is a localized die-off of fish populations which may also be associated with more generalised mortality of aquatic life. ^[42] ^[43] The most common cause is reduced oxygen in the water, which in turn may be due to factors such as drought, algae bloom, overpopulation, or a sustained increase in water temperature.

Fisheries Management

Fisheries management – Fisheries management draws on fisheries science in order to find ways to protect fishery resources so sustainable exploitation is possible.
sustainability
conservation – Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.

Fisheries Management

Monitoring control and surveillance – Monitoring, control and surveillance , in the context of fisheries, is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as a broadening of traditional enforcing national rules over fishing, to the support of the broader problem of fisheries management
Vessel monitoring system – Vessel monitoring systems are used in commercial fishing to allow environmental and fisheries regulatory organizations to monitor, minimally, the position, time at a position, and course and speed of fishing vessels.
Fishery Resources Monitoring System – The Fishery Resources Monitoring System is a partnership of intergovernmental fisheries organizations that share a wide range of high-quality information on the global monitoring and management of marine fishery resources.
Fisheries observer – A fisheries observer is an independent specialist who serves on board commercial fishing vessels, or in fish processing plants and other platforms, and is employed by a fisheries observer program, either directly by a government agency or by a third party contractor.
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing – Illegal fishing takes place where vessels operate in violation of the laws of a fishery.
Magnuson–Stevens Act –

Quotas

Catch share – Catch share is a term used for fishery management systems that dedicate a secure privilege to harvest a specific area or percentage of a fishery’s total allowable catch to individuals, communities or associations.
Individual fishing quota – Individual fishing quotas also known as "individual transferable quotas" are one kind of catch share, a means by which many governments regulate fishing. ^[44]
Minimum landing size – The minimum landing size is the smallest length at which it is legal to keep or sell a fish.
Bycatch – The term “bycatch” is usually used for fish caught unintentionally in a fishery while intending to catch other fish.
Discards – portion of a catch of fish which is not retained on board during commercial fishing operations and is returned, often dead or dying, to the sea.
Incidental catch – Incidental catch is a term, used in fisheries, to refer to that part of the catch which was not originally targeted, but was caught and retained anyway.
Cetacean bycatch – Cetacean bycatch is the incidental capture of non-target cetacean species by fisheries.
Turtle excluder device – A turtle excluder device or TED is a specialized device that allows a captured sea turtle to escape when caught in a fisherman's net.
EU quotas – The Common Fisheries Policy is the fisheries policy of the European Union .
Exclusive economic zone – Under the law of the sea, an exclusive economic zone is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including production of energy from water and wind

Sustainability

Maximum sustainable yield – In population ecology and economics, maximum sustainable yield or MSY is theoretically, the largest yield that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period.
Sustainable seafood – Sustainable seafood is seafood from either fished or farmed sources that can maintain or increase production in the future without jeopardizing the ecosystems from which it was acquired.
Overfishing – Overfishing is the act whereby fish stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels, regardless of water body size.
Environmental effects of fishing Environmental impact of fishing
Fishing down the food web – Fishing down the food web is the process whereby fisheries in a given ecosystem, "having depleted the large predatory fish on top of the food web, turn to increasingly smaller species, finally ending up with previously spurned small fish and invertebrates."
Destructive fishing practices – The phrase destructive fishing practices has been featured in international fisheries literature for around three decades.
Future of Marine Animal Populations – The Future of Marine Animal Populations project was one of the core projects of the international Census of Marine Life . ^[45]
The Sunken Billions – The Sunken Billions is a study jointly published in 2008 by the World Bank and by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
End of the Line – The End of The Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World And What We Eat is a book by journalist Charles Clover about overfishing. ^[46]

Conservation

Marine Protected Area Marine protected area

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Marine reserve – A marine reserve is an area of the sea which has legal protection against fishing or development.
Marine conservation – Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.
Marine conservation activism – Marine conservation activism refers to the efforts of non-governmental organizations and individuals to bring about social and political change in the area of marine conservation.
Salmon conservation – Conservation versus Restoration
Shark sanctuary – A shark sanctuary is an area that forbids commercial fishing operations from catching any shark.

Organisations

Marine Stewardship Council – The Marine Stewardship Council is an independent non-profit organization which sets a standard for sustainable fishing.
Friend of the Sea – Friend of the Sea is a project for the certification and promotion of seafood from sustainable fisheries ^[47] and sustainable aquaculture. ^[48] ^[49] It is the only certification scheme which, with the same logo, certifies both wild and farmed seafood.
SeaChoice – SeaChoice is a program of Sustainable Seafood Canada that uses the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch recommendations to raise consumer awareness about the importance of buying seafood from sustainable sources.
Seafood Watch – Seafood Watch is one of the best known sustainable seafood advisory lists, and has influenced similar programs around the world.
Oceana – Oceana is the largest international ocean conservation and advocacy organization.
Sea Around Us Project – The Sea Around Us Project is an international research group based at the University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre that is devoted to studying the impacts of fisheries on the world's marine ecosystems.
WorldFish Center – The WorldFish Center, a CGIAR Consortium Research Center, is an international, non-profit research organization dedicated to reducing poverty and hunger by improving fisheries and aquaculture.
Defying Ocean's End – Defying Ocean's End is a global agenda for action in marine conservation compiled in a 2004 Island Press book.
HERMIONE – Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas, or HERMIONE, is an international multidisciplinary project, started in April 2009, that studies deep-sea ecosystems. ^[33] ^[34] HERMIONE scientists study the distribution of hotspot ecosystems, how they function and how they interconnect, partially in the context of how these ecosystems are being affected by climate change ^[35] and impacted by humans through fishing, resource extraction, seabed installations and pollution.
PROFISH – PROFISH is a global program on sustainable fisheries established by the World Bank in 2005.
International Seafood Sustainability Foundation – International Seafood Sustainability Foundation was formed in 2009 as a global, non-profit partnership among the tuna industry, scientists and World Wide Fund for Nature.
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society – The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society is a non-profit, marine conservation organization based in Friday Harbor on San Juan Island, Washington in the United States.
Greenpeace – Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization ^[50] with offices in over forty countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ^[51] Greenpeace states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity" ^[52] and focuses its campaigning on world wide issues such as global warming, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling and anti-nuclear issues. ^[53]

Related issues

CalCOFI – CalCOFI is a multi-agency partnership formed in 1949 to investigate the collapse of the sardine population off California.
Marine pollution – Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful effects, can result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms.
Mercury in fish – * Rasmussen RS, Nettleton J and Morrissey MT "A Review of Mercury in Seafood: special focus on tuna" Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 14 : 71–100.
Shark finning – Shark finning refers to the removal and retention of shark fins, accompanied by the discarding of the rest of the shark body into the ocean.

Commercial fishing

Commercial fishing – Commercial fishing is the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit, mostly from wild fisheries.

Types of commerical fishing

Trawling – Trawling is a method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats.
Seine fishing – Seine fishing is a method of fishing that employs a seine or dragnet.
Longline fishing – Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique. ^[54]
Trolling (fishing)
Fishing dredge
Trepanging – Trepanging is the Anglicisation of the act of collection or harvesting of sea cucumbers, known in Indonesian, as "trepang".
Lobster fishing – Lobster fishing, sometimes called lobstering, is the commercial or recreational harvesting of marine lobsters, spiny lobsters or crayfish.
Alaskan king crab fishing – Alaskan king crab fishing is carried out during the winter months in the waters off the coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.
Artisan fishing – Artisan fishing is a term used to describe small-scale low-technology commercial or subsistence fishing practices.
Fishing vessel – A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.

Commercial fishing boats

Trawlers – A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls.
Seiners – Seine fishing is a method of fishing that employs a seine or dragnet.
Drifters –
Longliners – Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique. ^[55]
Factory ships –
Fishery Protection Squadron – The Fishery Protection Squadron is a front-line squadron of the Royal Navy with responsibility for patrolling the UK's Extended Fisheries Zone.
Fishing fleet – A fishing fleet is an aggregate of commercial fishing vessels.
Research vessels
Whalers –

Fishing by country

Fishing by country
Fishing industry by country
Alaska – :The deck hands take care of all of the tasks that need to be done on board during a set, such as detaching the skiff at the start of a set, plunging to scare fish away from the boat where they could escape the net by going under the boat, and cleaning the deck of seaweed and bycatch while the net is deployed, keeping an eye on the net and surrounding seas for snags or whales, stacking the cork line and lead line as the net is being taken back aboard, removing the odd fish/debris that has become entangled in the net, assisting with brailing , repairing holes in the net, pitching the fish into the fish hold, and on most boats cooking the meals.
Chile – Fishing in Chile is a major industry with a total catch of 4,442,877 tons of fishes in 2006. ^[56] Due to the Humboldt Current the Chilean Sea is considered among the most productive marine ecosystems in the world as well as the largest upwelling system.
Ghana – Fishing in Ghana increased considerably in the late 1960s, from 105,100 tons of marine fish caught in 1967 to 230,100 tons in 1971.
India – Fishing in India is a major industry in its coastal states, employing over 14 million people.
Scotland – The fishing industry in Scotland comprises a significant proportion of the United Kingdom fishing industry.

Recreational fishing

Recreational fishing – Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.
Angling – Angling is a method of fishing by means of an "angle" .
Fly fishing – Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial 'fly' is used to catch fish.
Game fish – Game fish are fish pursued for sport by recreational anglers.
Fishing techniques – Fishing techniques are methods for catching fish.
Fishing tackle – Fishing tackle is a general term that refers to the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.
Personalities – Sheridan Andreas Mulholland Anderson was an American outdoorsman, fly fisherman, author, and illustrator.

Angling topics

Angling and game fishing

Angling – Angling is a method of fishing by means of an "angle" .
- Boat fishing – Inshore boat fishing is fishing from a boat in easy sight of land and in water less than about 30 metres deep.
- Trolling – method of fishing where one or more fishing lines, baited with lures or bait fish, are drawn through the water.
- Casting – In angling, casting is the act of throwing bait or a lure using a fishing line out over the water using a flexible fishing rod.
- Spey casting – Spey casting is a casting technique used in fly fishing.
- Reach cast – The Reach Cast is a casting technique used in fly fishing.
- Surf fishing – Surf fishing is the sport of catching fish standing on the shoreline or wading in the surf.
- Rock fishing – Rock fishing is fishing from rocky outcrops into the sea.
- Bank fishing – Bank fishing is fishing from river banks and shorelines.
- Kayak fishing – Kayak fishing is fishing from a kayak.
- Centerpin fishing – Centerpin fishing, also called float fishing, is a fishing technique which uses a noodle or mooching rod, reel and Roe or fly.
- Coarse fish – Coarse fishing is a term used in the United Kingdom and Ireland for angling for coarse fish, which are those types of freshwater fish other than game fish .
- Rough fish – Rough fish is a term used by U.S.
- Bottom fishing – Bottom fishing, called legering in the United Kingdom, is fishing the bottom of a body of water.
- Tackle – Fishing tackle is a general term that refers to the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.
- Techniques – Fishing techniques are methods for catching fish.
- Tournaments – A fishing tournament, or derby, is an organised competition among anglers.
- Traditional fishing boats
- Angling personalities – Sheridan Andreas Mulholland Anderson was an American outdoorsman, fly fisherman, author, and illustrator.
- game fishing – Game fish are fish pursued for sport by recreational anglers.
- Big-game fishing – Big-game fishing, often referred to as offshore sportfishing, offshore gamefishing, or blue-water fishing is a form of recreational fishing, targeting large fish renowned for their sporting qualities, such as tuna and marlin.
- Land-based game fishing – Land-based game fishing is a form of fishing where anglers attempt to catch game fish, that are generally caught from ocean going boats, off the shore.
- Salmon run – The salmon run is the time when salmon, which have migrated from the ocean, swim to the upper reaches of rivers where they spawn on gravel beds.
- International Game Fish Association – leading authority on angling pursuits and the keeper of the most current World Record fishing catches by fish categories.

The catch

Catch and release – Catch and release is a practice within recreational fishing intended as a technique of conservation.
Tag and release – Tag and release is a form of catch and release fishing in which the angler attaches a tag to the fish, records data such as date, time, place, and type of fish on a standardized post card, and submits this card to a fisheries agency or conservation organization.
Bag limits – A bag limit is a law imposed on hunters and fishermen restricting the number of animals within a specific species or group of species they may kill and keep.
Minimum landing size – The minimum landing size is the smallest length at which it is legal to keep or sell a fish.
Panfish – A panfish, also spelled pan-fish or pan fish, is an edible game fish that usually doesn't outgrow the size of a frying pan. ^[57]
Priest (tool) – A priest is a tool, often resembling a blunt weapon, used for quickly killing fish.
Ike jime – or is a method of paralyzing and bleeding fish to maintain its quality.

Sport fish

Bass – Bass fishing is the activity of angling for the North American gamefish known colloquially as the black bass.
Carp – Good carp fishing can be found in many different types of water.
Mahi-mahi – Mahi mahi are also known as dorado or dolphin fish.
Marlin – Marlin fishing is considered by some game fishermen to be the pinnacle of offshore game fishing, due to the size and power of marlin and the relative rareness and vulnerability of this species.
Porgie (bream) – Porgy is the common name for any fish which belongs to the family Sparidae. ^[58]
Smelt whiting – Smelt-whiting is the common name for various species of the family Sillaginidae.

Fly fishing

Fly fishing – angling method in which an artificial 'fly' is used to catch fish.
- Fly fishing tackle – fishing tackle or equipment typically used by fly anglers.
- Bamboo fly rod – fly fishing rod that is made from bamboo, also referred to as cane.
- Fly rod building – art of constructing a fly fishing rod to match the performance desires of the individual angler.
- Fly Casting Analyzer – research tool for understanding fly casting
- Spey casting – casting technique used in fly fishing.
- Reach cast – casting technique used in fly fishing.
- Tenkara fishing – traditional type of fly fishing practiced in Japan.
- Float tube – also known as a belly boat or kick boat, is a flotation device which anglers use to fish from.
- Trout bum – affectionate nickname for dedicated trout anglers, particularly those who practice fly fishing.
- Fly waters – tributary of the Jefferson River, approximately 153 miles long, in southwestern Montana in the United States.
- Bibliography of fly fishing – provides an overview of notable and not so notable works in the English language regarding the sport of fly fishing, listed by year of first publication.

Artficial flies

Fly lure – type of fishing lure, usually used in the sport of fly fishing .
- Fly tying – process of producing an artificial fly to be used by anglers to catch fish via means of fly fishing.
- Amadou – spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi.
- Cul De Canard – feathers from the back of the of a duck directly around the preen gland; they are very buoyant due too preen oil prduced by the preen gland.
- Trolling tandem streamer fly – style of fishing fly designed to be fished behind a moving boat.
- Royal Coachman – artificial fly that has been tied as a wet fly, dry fly and streamer pattern.
- Clouser Deep Minnow – artificial fly commonly categorized as a streamer and is fished under the water surface.
- Diawl bach – popular Welsh fly pattern used in British still waters, and an appropriate lure to use when the fish are feeding on midge pupae.
- Egg sucking leech – artificial fly used in fly fishing.
- Flesh Fly – popular fly pattern used by rainbow trout anglers in Western Alaska.
- Grey Ghost Streamer – artificial fly, of the streamer type.
- Hare's Ear – one of the most traditional artificial flies used in fly fishing.
- Klinkhammer – popular Emerger used in fly fishing to catch grayling and trout.
- Muddler Minnow – popular and versatile artificial fly of the streamer type used in fly fishing and fly tying.
- Partridge and Orange – artificial fly commonly categorized as a wet fly or soft hackle and is fished under the water surface.
- Woolly Worm – artificial fly commonly categorized as a wet fly or nymph and is fished under the water surface.
- Woolly Bugger – artificial fly commonly categorized as a wet fly or streamer and is fished under the water surface.

Fly fishing organizations

American Museum of Fly Fishing – The American Museum of Fly Fishing is a museum in Manchester, Vermont, USA, that preserves and exhibits artifacts related to American angling.
Catskill Fly Fishing Center and Museum – The Catskill Fly Fishing Center and Museum is a nonprofit, educational organization dedicated to: preserving America's fly fishing heritage; teaching its future generations of fly fishers; and protecting its fly fishing environment.
Federation of Fly Fishers – The Federation of Fly Fishers is an international 501 non-profit organization headquartered in Livingston, Montana dedicated to the betterment of the sport of fly fishing through Conservation, Restoration and Education.
Trout Unlimited – Trout Unlimited is an international non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of freshwater streams, rivers, and associated upland habitats for trout, salmon, other aquatic species, and people.

Fly fishing literature

Blacker's Art of Fly Making – Blacker's Art of Fly Making - comprising angling and dyeing of colours with engravings of Salmon and Trout flies shewing the process of the gentle craft as taught in the pages with descriptions of flies for the season of the year as they come out on the water is a work of fly tying literature with significant fly fishing content written by William Blacker, a London Tackle dealer and first published in London in 1842 by George Nichols
A Book on Angling – A Book on Angling - Being a complete treatise on the art of angling in every branch is a work of angling literature with significant fly fishing content written by Francis Francis, angling editor to The Field
A Concise Treatise on the Art of Angling – A Concise Treatise on the Art of Angling- Confirmed by Actual Experiences and Minute Observations to Which is Added the Compleat Fly-Fisher is a fly fishing book written by Thomas Best, first published in London in 1787.
Dry-Fly Fishing in Theory and Practice – Dry-Fly Fishing in Theory and Practice is British author and angler Frederic M.
Favorite Flies and Their Histories – Favorite Flies and Their Histories - With many replies from practical anglers to inquiries concerning how, when and where to use them-Illustrated by Thirty-two colored plates of flies, six engravings of natural insects and eight reproductions of photographs is a fly fishing book written by Mary Orvis Marbury published in Boston in April 1892 by Houghton Mifflin.
Floating Flies and How to Dress Them – Floating Flies and How to Dress Them - A Treatise on the Most Modern Methods of Dressing Artificial Flies for Trout and Grayling with Full Illustrated Directions and Containing Ninety Hand-Coloured Engravings of the Most Killing Patterns Together with a Few Hints to Dry-Fly Fishermen is a fly fishing book written by Frederic M.
The Fly-fisher's Entomology – The Fly-Fisher's Entomology, Illustrated by Coloured Representations of the Natural and Artificial Insect and Accompanied by a Few Observations and Instructions Relative to Trout-and-Grayling Fishing, first published in 1836 by Alfred Ronalds , was the first comprehensive work related to the entomology associated with fly fishing.
A History of Fly Fishing for Trout – A History of Fly Fishing for Trout is a fly fishing book written by John Waller Hills published in London in 1921.
Minor Tactics of the Chalk Stream – Minor Tactics of the Chalk Stream and Kindred Studies is a fly fishing book written by G.E.M.
Pseudonyms of notable angling authors List of pseudonyms of angling authors
The Salmon Fly – The Salmon Fly - How to Dress It and How to Use It is a fly fishing book written by George M.
The Way of a Trout with the Fly – The Way of a Trout with the Fly and Some Further Studies in Minor Tactics is a fly fishing book written by G.

Apparel

Hip boot – Hip boots, or waders as they are colloquially called, are a type of boot initially designed to be worn by river fishermen.
Waders (footwear) – Waders refers to a waterproof boot extending from the foot to the chest, traditionally made from vulcanised rubber, but available in more modern PVC, neoprene and Gore-Tex variants.
Diving mask – A diving mask is an item of diving equipment that allows scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers to see clearly underwater.
Wetsuit – A wetsuit is a garment, usually made of foamed neoprene, which is worn by surfers, divers, windsurfers, canoeists, and others engaged in water sports, providing thermal insulation, abrasion resistance and buoyancy.

Sport fish targets

Fly fishing targets

Sport fishing by location

Hunting and fishing in Alaska – Hunting and fishing in Alaska are common both for recreation and subsistence.
Fish in Australia – There are many types of fish in Australia, and fishing is a popular Australian activity.
Golden Triangle (Rocky Mountains) – The Golden Triangle is an informal designation for a region renowned as one of the premier fly fishing locations in the United States.
Redmire pool – Redmire Pool is near Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire, England.
Angling in Yellowstone National Park – Angling in Yellowstone National Park is a major reason many visitors come to the park each year and since it was created in 1872, the park has drawn anglers from around the world to fish its waters.

Fly fishing waters

Big Hole River – The Big Hole River is a tributary of the Jefferson River, approximately 153 miles long, in southwestern Montana in the United States.
DePuy Spring Creek – DePuy Spring Creek is a three mile long trout fishery located between the Absaroka and Gallatin mountain ranges in Paradise Valley, south of Livingston, Montana.
East Gallatin River – The East Gallatin River flows in a northwesterly direction through the Gallatin valley, Gallatin County, Montana.
Firehole River – The Firehole River is one of two major tributaries of the Madison River.
Gibbon River – The Gibbon River is a river in Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming, the United States.
River Test – The River Test is a river in Hampshire, England.
Ruby River – The Ruby River is a tributary of the Beaverhead River, approximately 76 mi long, in southwestern Montana in the United States.
San Juan River – The San Juan River is a significant tributary of the Colorado River in the southwestern United States, about long.
Angling in Yellowstone National Park – Angling in Yellowstone National Park is a major reason many visitors come to the park each year and since it was created in 1872, the park has drawn anglers from around the world to fish its waters.
Yellowstone River – The Yellowstone River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately long, in the western United States.

Fishing tournaments

tournaments – A fishing tournament, or derby, is an organised competition among anglers.
Argungu Fishing Festival – The Argungu Fishing Festival is an annual four day festival in north-western Nigerian state of Kebbi.
Bass Festival – The Bass Festival, also known as Bass Derby, is held during the second weekend of October in Rio Vista, California.
Bassmasters Classic Bassmaster Classic
Fort Frances Canadian Bass Championship – The Fort Frances Canadian Bass Championship is a catch and release smallmouth bass fishing tournament held on Rainy Lake and hosted in Fort Frances, Ontario.
Golden North Salmon Derby – The Golden North Salmon Derby is an annual salmon fishing competition held in Juneau, Alaska in August.
Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament – The AT&T Greater Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament is a contest fishing for King mackerel that spans six days every July in Jacksonville, Florida. ^[59]
Troutmasters – Troutmasters is the name of an annual fishing tournament taking place in the Wilson's Creek district of Pisgah National Forest in Western North Carolina.

Fishing organizations

Bass Anglers Sportsman Society – The Bass Anglers Sportsman Society is a fishing membership organization with more than a half a million members.
Central New England Fishery Resource Office – The Central New England Fishery Resource Office is involved in programs to restore, enhance, and manage a number of migratory fish species and the habitats they depend upon.
Common Fisheries Policy – The Common Fisheries Policy is the fisheries policy of the European Union .
Fish and Game New Zealand – Fish and Game New Zealand is a statutory body set up to advocate for recreational hunting and fishing in New Zealand.
Fisherfolk Movement – The Fisherfolk Movement is a coalition of eight federation and alliances of small fisherfolk in the Philippines.
Fishingkaki – Fishingkaki.com is one of the world's largest fishing internet-based message board and is based in Singapore.
Gerakan Nelajan Marhaenis – Gerakan Nelajan Marhaenis was an organization of fishermen in Indonesia, linked to the Indonesian Nationalist Party . ^[60] GNM was part of the Marhaen Mass Movement . ^[61] GNM held its first congress in Tegal in July 1965.
International Collective in Support of Fishworkers – International Collective in Support of Fishworkers is an international non-government organization that works towards the establishment of equitable, gender-just, self-reliant and sustainable fisheries, particularly in the small-scale, artisan sector.
International Game Fish Association – The International Game Fish Association is the leading authority on angling pursuits and the keeper of the most current World Record fishing catches by fish categories.
International Land-Based Shark Fishing Association – The International Land-Based Shark Fishing Association was formed to unify the sport of land-based shark fishing and its anglers by establish of the standards for the compilation and recognition of world records, while also promoting, through research, education and practice, responsible enjoyment and stewardship of marine and coastal resources.
Izaak Walton League – The Izaak Walton League is an American environmental organization founded in 1922 that promotes natural resource protection and outdoor recreation.
Marine Management Organisation – The Marine Management Organisation is an executive non-departmental public body established and given powers under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009
Nippon Bass Club – The is the largest amateur sports fishing club in Japan.
North Pacific Longliners Association – The North Pacific Longliners Association is a trade group that represents the largest longliners.
Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum – The Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum is a non-governmental organisation based in Karachi, Pakistan which works to advance social, economic, cultural and political rights of fishermen and fishing communities in Pakistan.
Prince Albert Angling Society – The Prince Albert Angling Society is a fishing club in the United Kingdom, founded in 1954 by a dozen anglers while fishing a local canal.
Sea Fish Industry Authority – The Sea Fish Industry Authority is a United Kingdom non-departmental public body, established in 1981, and charged with working with the UK seafood industry to promote good quality, sustainable seafood.
Shark Alliance – The Shark Alliance is a global not-for-profit coalition founded in 2006 of non-governmental organizations dedicated to restoring and conserving shark populations by improving shark conservation policies.
Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council – The Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council [2] is an 18 member committee established under the Federal Advisory Committee Act whose purpose is to advise the Secretary of the Interior, through the Director of the U.S.
Sport Fishing Association – The Sport Fishing Association in Anzoategui is a organized group of people who practice sport fishing in Venezuela.
Sussex Piscatorial Society – Sussex Piscatorial Society is a unique and historic fishing club with waters in East and West Sussex and surrounding counties.
Takemefishing.org – Take Me Fishing is a national campaign started by the nonprofit organization Recreational Boating & Fishing Foundation to actively encourage participation in recreational boating and fishing and thereby increase public awareness and appreciation of the need to protect, conserve and restore the natural aquatic resources of American waters.

Fishing personalities

Sheridan Anderson – Sheridan Andreas Mulholland Anderson was an American outdoorsman, fly fisherman, author, and illustrator.
Dan Bailey – Dan Bailey was a fly-shop owner, innovative fly developer and staunch Western conservationist.
Juliana Berners – Juliana Berners , English writer on heraldry, hawking and hunting, is said to have been prioress of Sopwell Nunnery near St Albans.
Charles Cotton – Charles Cotton was an English poet and writer, best known for translating the work of Michel de Montaigne from the French, for his contributions to The Compleat Angler, and for the highly influential The Compleat Gamester which has been attributed to him.
Daryl Crimp – Daryl Crimp is a New Zealand writer, illustrator and cartoonist.
Bill Dance – Bill Dance is an angler and host of Bill Dance Outdoors, a fishing television series on the Versus channel.
Frank Parker Day – Frank Parker Day was a Canadian athlete, academic and author.
Michael de Avila – Michael de Avila is an American television personality, filmmaker, and producer from New York, New York. ^[62] ^[63]
John Dietsch – John Dietsch is the author of the book Shadowcasting: An Introduction to the Art of Flyfishing.
John Gierach – John Gierach is an American author and freelance writer who formerly resided on the St.
Arnold Gingrich – Arnold Gingrich was the editor of, and, along with publisher David A.
George F. Grant – George F. ^[64]
Frederic M. Halford – Frederic Michael Halford , pseudonym Detached Badger, ^[65] was a wealthy and influential British angler and fly fishing author. ^[66]
Charles Hallock – Charles Hallock was an American author born in New York City to Gerard Hallock and Elizabeth Allen.
Matt Hayes – Matthew 'Matt' Hayes is a renowned British angler
Charles F. Holder – Charles Frederick Holder was the inventor of big-game fishing and a founder of Pasadena's Tournament of Roses and the Tuna Club of Avalon on Santa Catalina Island.
Rex Hunt – Rex James Hunt is an Australian television and radio personality, and a former Australian rules football player.
Billy Lane – Billy Lane was an English angler and author.
Larry Larsen – Larry Larsen is a United States world-class freshwater sport fishermen and author.
Norman Maclean – Norman Fitzroy Maclean was an American author and scholar noted for his books A River Runs Through It and Other Stories and Young Men and Fire .
Roland Martin – Roland Martin is a professional sport fisherman.
Don Martinez – Donald S.
Hank Parker – Hank Parker is a well-known professional bass fisherman in the United States.
James Prosek – James Prosek is an American artist, writer and naturalist.
Skeet Reese – Skeet Reese is a professional sport fisherman of the B.A.S.S.
Ernest Schwiebert – Ernest George Schwiebert, Ph.D.
G. E. M. Skues – George Edward MacKenzie Skues, usually known as G.
Red Smith – Walter Wellesley "Red" Smith was an American sportswriter who rose to become one of America's most widely read sports columnists.
Jakub Vágner – Jakub Vágner ^[67] is a musician, television presenter and extreme angler specializing in travel and natural history. ^[68]
Robert Venables – Robert Venables , was a soldier during the English Civil War and noted angler.
Jeremy Wade – Jeremy John Wade
Richard Walker – Richard Stuart Walker was an English angler.
Izaak Walton – Izaak Walton was an English writer.
John Wilson – John Wilson is a British angler who has been involved with angling television production for the last 20 years featuring on Channel 4 Television and more recently on the digital TV channel, Discovery Real Time.
Babe Winkelman – Babe Winkelman is a world-renowned Minnesota-based professional fisherman, first coming into the national spotlight with "Babe Winkelman's Good Fishing" television program, which was first syndicated nationwide in the mid-1980s.
Philip Wylie – Philip Gordon Wylie was a prolific American author on subjects ranging from pulp science fiction, mysteries, social diatribes and satire, to ecology and the threat of nuclear holocaust.
Chris Yates – Chris Yates is an angler, photographer, broadcaster, tea connoisseur, prolific writer with contributions to the Idler magazine and former Editor of Waterlog magazine. ^[69] He is a celebrated British fisherman and former record holder with the capture of 51 lb specimen carp from the famous Redmire pool .

Fisheries scientists

Fisheries science – Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries.
J. R. Hartley – J. R. Hartley is both the name of a fictional character and an author's pseudonym inspired by it.

Fishing television

Documentaries

Deadliest Catch – Deadliest Catch is a documentary/reality television series produced by Original Productions for the Discovery Channel.
Lobstermen: Jeopardy at Sea – Lobstermen: Jeopardy at Sea is a multi-part documentary/reality show on the Discovery Channel chronicling the fall 2005 North Atlantic lobster fishing season aboard several fishing boats.
Lobster Wars – Lobster Wars, also known as Deadliest Catch: Lobstermen in the United Kingdom, ^[70] is a documentary television series on the Discovery Channel.
Swords – Swords: Life On the Line is a documentary television series produced by Original Productions for the Discovery Channel.

Fishing television series

BassTech – BassTech is an English-language fishing television series that takes the Monster Garage sub-genre, and applies it to fishing vessels.
Beat Charlie Moore – Beat Charlie Moore: is an English-language fishing television series that airs on the World Fishing Network.
Bill Dance Outdoors – Bill Dance Outdoors is a fishing television series hosted by retired professional tournament angler Bill Dance.
FNC: Uncut – FNC: Uncut is an English-language fishing television series spun off Fish'n Canada, that looks at "what goes on when the camera is supposedly off, to reveal arguments, practical jokes and the everyday life of a fishing celebrity."
Fishing Australia – Fishing Australia is an Australian fishing television program, produced by WIN Television.
Fishing with John – Fishing with John is a 1991 television series conceived, directed by and starring actor and musician John Lurie, which earned a cult following.
Fish Warrior – Fish Warrior is a television series on National Geographic Channel hosted by Jakub Vágner. ^[71]
Hook, Line and Sinker – Hook, Line and Sinker is an Australian fishing television program, produced by HLS Productions in Hobart, Tasmania and is hosted by Nick Duigan and Andrew Hart.
Lunkerville – Lunkerville is a television series dedicated to bass fishing enthusiasts across the U.S.A.
River Monsters – River Monsters is a documentary television series that airs on Animal Planet, hosted by Jeremy Wade and produced by Icon Films of Bristol, UK.

Other

World Fishing Network – World Fishing Network is a Canadian English language Category B specialty channel owned by Insight Sports Ltd.

References

^ Early humans followed the coast BBC News article.
^ [1] Professional Fisherman Mark Anderson
^ Ndegwa, P.M.; Thompson, S.A.; Das, K.C. (1998). "Effects of stocking density and feeding rate on vermicomposting of biosolids" (PDF). Bioresource Technology. 71: 5–12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Phillips, John E. MotherEarthNews.com. 1 May 1980. "Fiddling for fish bait". Accessed 7 June 2007.
^ Shumway SE & Parsons GJ (2006). Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam.
^ http://wwz.ifremer.fr/index.php?/aquaculture_en/statistiques_mondiales/la_conchyliculture/production_par_famille/pectinides
^ Brian Morgan. Story of the Virgin Soldier (Trout Tickling): Part of the BBC's WWII People's War Series. 12 May 2005. Article ID A4057706. Accessed on: 16-1-07.
^ European Union: Identifying Maltese fishing grounds
^ http://www.whiskerkitty.com/Trotlines.html
^ European Union: Identifying Maltese fishing grounds
^ The coracle, an ancient little boat
^ Krnić, Denis (August 22, 2009). "Rota Palagruzona kao zazivanje duhova komiških ribara". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 2010-02-20.
^ Rule F.1.2 of International Sailing Federation (ed.), Equipment Rules of sailing (PDF) (edition valid from 2009 to 2012 ed.), retrieved 2009-06-13 {{citation}}: Check |editor-link= value (help); External link in |editor-link= (help)
^ (R. Zahn), Real-Encyclopaedia der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft, s.v. "Garum", 1st Series 7 (1912) pp. 841-849.
^ Babe, Robert E. (2000) "The Communication Thought of Harold Adams Innis." In Canadian Communication Thought: Ten Foundational Writers. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 51-88.
^ Geddes MacGregor, Scotland: An Intimate Portrait, 1990, Houghton Mifflin Books, 288 pages ISBN 0-395-56236-8
^ Chelonia Mydas
^ Rita Astuti
^ "World Forum for Acoustic Ecology". Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Hastings JW (1983). "Biological diversity, chemical mechanisms, and the evolutionary origins of bioluminescent systems". J. Mol. Evol. 19 (5): 309–21. doi:10.1007/BF02101634. ISSN 1432-1432. PMID 6358519.
^ Leigh, E.G., S.J. Wright, E.A. Herre, and F.E. Putz. 1993. The decline of tree diversity on newly isolated tropical islands: A test of a null hypothesis and the implications. Evol. Ecol. 7:76-102.
^ Dirzo, R. and A. Miranda. 1991. Altered patterns of herbivory and diversity in the forest understory: A case study of the possible defaunation. In P.W. Price, T.M. Liwinsohn, G.W. Fernandes, and W.W. Benson (eds.), Plant-animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions, pp. 273-287. Wiley, NY.
^ Post, D. M.; Pace, M. L.; Haristis, A. M. (2--6). "Parasites dominate food web links". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (30): 11211–11216. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604755103. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
^ Keddy, P.A. (2010). Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
^ Google Scholar Search. Accessed March 30, 2009.
^ Jones, I.S.F. & Young, H.E. (1997). "Engineering a large sustainable world fishery". Environmental Conservation. 24 (2): 99–104. doi:10.1017/S0376892997000167.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Coale KH, Johnson KS, Fitzwater SE; et al. (1996). "A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean". Nature. 383 (6600): 495–501. Bibcode:1996Natur.383..495C. doi:10.1038/383495a0. PMID 18680864. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Mann, K.H., Lazier, J.R.N. (2006) "Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans." Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN 14505111186
^ Wommack, K. Eric (April 1996). "Effects of sunlight on bacteriophage viability and structure". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 62 (4). United States of America: American Society for Microbiology: 1336–1341. PMC 167899. PMID 8919794. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c Jefferson, T. A. , Webber, M. A. & Pitman, R. L. (2008) Marine Mammals of the World A Comprehensive Guide to their Identification London ; Burlington, MA: Academic ISBN 978-0-12-383853-7 7-16
^ Kaschner, K., Tittensor, D. P., Ready, J., Gerrodette, T. & Worm, B. (2011) “Current and Future Patterns of Global Marine Mammal Biodiversity” PLoS ONE 6(5): 19653 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019653
^ Shipper, J. , Chanson, J. S. & Chiozza, F. et al (2008) “The Status of the World’s Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge” Science 322: 225-230 doi: 10.1126/science.1165115
^ ^a ^b Weaver et al. (2009). "The future of integrated deep-sea research in Europe: The HERMIONE project". Oceanography 22 (1), March 2009.
^ ^a ^b Schloesser, Manfred (2009). European deep-sea research: Climate changes and deep-sea ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Innovations Report (website).
^ ^a ^b HERMES website, http://www.eu-hermes.net/
^ Schaefer MB (1957) "Some considerations of population dynamics and economics in relation to the management of marine fishes" Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 14: 669–81.
^ Marine Fellow: Rainer Froese Pew Environment Group.
^ Stergiou KI and Tsikliras AC (2006) Scientific impact of FishBase: A citation analysis In: Palomares MLD, Stergiou KI and Pauly D (eds.), Fishes in Databases and Ecosystems. Fisheries Centre, Research reports 14(4): 2–6.
^ References Citing FishBase FishBase. Last modified 5 July 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
^ "Ocean Surface Topography from Space". NASA/JPL.
^ "Ocean Surface Topography from Space". NASA/JPL.
^ University of Florida. Gainesville, FL (2005). "Fish kill." Plant Management in Florida's Waters.
^ Noga, Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2010, John Wiley and Sons ISBN 0-8138-0697-6, p. 316
^ Quota Management.
^ Worm, B (2010). "Chapter 16. The Future of Marine Animal Populations". In: MacIntyre AD (ed) Life in the World's Oceans: Diversity, Distribution and Abundance: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford:315–330. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ "The End Of The Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat." Science News. December 23, 2006.
^ Friend of the Sea becomes Main Aquaculture Industry Standard for Sustainability in 2008 World Fishing Today.com. Retrieved 20 Dec 2008.
^ Friend of the Sea becomes main aquaculture sustainability standard Aquahoy. Retrieved 20 Dec 2008.
^ International Dolphin-Safe project
^ Background – January 7, 2010 (2010-01-07). "Greenpeace International: Greenpeace worldwide". Greenpeace.org. Retrieved 2011-02-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Background – January 8, 2009 (2009-01-08). "Greenpeace International FAQ: Questions about Greenpeace in general". Greenpeace.org. Retrieved 2011-02-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Sarah Jane Gilbert (2008-09-08). "Harvard Business School, HBS Cases: The Value of Environmental Activists". Hbswk.hbs.edu. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
^ Greenpeace, Annual Report 2008 (pdf)
^ European Union: Identifying Maltese fishing grounds
^ European Union: Identifying Maltese fishing grounds
^ Hollywood looks to take refuge in southern Chile
^ panfish, n. Oxford English Dictionary Third edition, March 2005; online version September 2011. Accessed 29 October 2011. An entry for this word was first included in New English Dictionary, 1904.
^ Alan Davidson, Mediterranean Seafood, Penguin, 1972. ISBN 0-14-046174-4, pp. 86-108.
^ "General Tournament Information" Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament
^ Anderson, Benedict R. O'G., and Ruth Thomas McVey. A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing, 2009. p. 196
^ http://dare.uva.nl/document/100523
^ http://www.wfn.tv/wfntv/programs/show.php?showid=54
^ http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/45699918/ns/sports-outdoors/
^ "George Francis Grant (1906-2008): fly tyer, environmentalist, founder". Retrieved 2010-03-30.
^ Schullery, Paul, ed. (2007). "Introduction". Halford and the Dry Fly. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. pp. ix–xv. ISBN 0-8117-0272-3.
^ Hills, John Waller (1921). A History of Fly Fishing For Trout. London: Phillp Allan & Co. p. 129.
^ National Geographic: Fish Warrior
^ South Coast Today: National Geographic reels in big catfish of lore
^ Redmire Pool: History
^ "Discovery Channel Lobster wars episode guide". Retrieved 2007-08-28.
^ South Coast Today: National Geographic reels in big catfish of lore

External links

This outline displayed as a mindmap, at wikimindmap.com
Pauly, Daniel (2009) The sea without fish, a reality ! Interview with the project leader of the Sea Around Us Project, University of British Columbia.
Recreational fishing at Curlie
Commercial fishing at Curlie

[1] Early humans followed the coast BBC News article.

[2] [1] Professional Fisherman Mark Anderson

[3] Ndegwa, P.M.; Thompson, S.A.; Das, K.C. (1998). "Effects of stocking density and feeding rate on vermicomposting of biosolids" (PDF). Bioresource Technology. 71: 5–12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] Phillips, John E. MotherEarthNews.com. 1 May 1980. "Fiddling for fish bait". Accessed 7 June 2007.

[5] Shumway SE & Parsons GJ (2006). Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam.

[6] ttp://wwz.ifremer.fr/index.php?/aquaculture_en/statistiques_mondiales/la_conchyliculture/production_par_famille/pectinides

[7] Brian Morgan. Story of the Virgin Soldier (Trout Tickling): Part of the BBC's WWII People's War Series. 12 May 2005. Article ID A4057706. Accessed on: 16-1-07.

[8] European Union: Identifying Maltese fishing grounds

[9] ttp://www.whiskerkitty.com/Trotlines.html

[10] European Union: Identifying Maltese fishing grounds

[11] The coracle, an ancient little boat

[SD2009-12] Krnić, Denis (August 22, 2009). "Rota Palagruzona kao zazivanje duhova komiških ribara". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 2010-02-20.

[13] Rule F.1.2 of International Sailing Federation (ed.), Equipment Rules of sailing (PDF) (edition valid from 2009 to 2012 ed.), retrieved 2009-06-13 {{citation}}: Check |editor-link= value (help); External link in |editor-link= (help)

[14] (R. Zahn), Real-Encyclopaedia der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft, s.v. "Garum", 1st Series 7 (1912) pp. 841-849.

[15] Babe, Robert E. (2000) "The Communication Thought of Harold Adams Innis." In Canadian Communication Thought: Ten Foundational Writers. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 51-88.

[16] Geddes MacGregor, Scotland: An Intimate Portrait, 1990, Houghton Mifflin Books, 288 pages ISBN 0-395-56236-8

[17] Chelonia Mydas

[Rita_Astuti-18] Rita Astuti

[WFAE-19] "World Forum for Acoustic Ecology". Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[pmid6358519-20] Hastings JW (1983). "Biological diversity, chemical mechanisms, and the evolutionary origins of bioluminescent systems". J. Mol. Evol. 19 (5): 309–21. doi:10.1007/BF02101634. ISSN 1432-1432. PMID 6358519.

[21] Leigh, E.G., S.J. Wright, E.A. Herre, and F.E. Putz. 1993. The decline of tree diversity on newly isolated tropical islands: A test of a null hypothesis and the implications. Evol. Ecol. 7:76-102.

[22] Dirzo, R. and A. Miranda. 1991. Altered patterns of herbivory and diversity in the forest understory: A case study of the possible defaunation. In P.W. Price, T.M. Liwinsohn, G.W. Fernandes, and W.W. Benson (eds.), Plant-animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions, pp. 273-287. Wiley, NY.

[Post00-23] Post, D. M.; Pace, M. L.; Haristis, A. M. (2--6). "Parasites dominate food web links". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (30): 11211–11216. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604755103. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

[24] Keddy, P.A. (2010). Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

[25] Google Scholar Search. Accessed March 30, 2009.

[26] Jones, I.S.F. & Young, H.E. (1997). "Engineering a large sustainable world fishery". Environmental Conservation. 24 (2): 99–104. doi:10.1017/S0376892997000167.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[27] Coale KH, Johnson KS, Fitzwater SE; et al. (1996). "A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean". Nature. 383 (6600): 495–501. Bibcode:1996Natur.383..495C. doi:10.1038/383495a0. PMID 18680864. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Mann-28] Mann, K.H., Lazier, J.R.N. (2006) "Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans." Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN 14505111186

[Wommack1996-29] Wommack, K. Eric (April 1996). "Effects of sunlight on bacteriophage viability and structure". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 62 (4). United States of America: American Society for Microbiology: 1336–1341. PMC 167899. PMID 8919794. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[jeff-30] Jefferson, T. A. , Webber, M. A. & Pitman, R. L. (2008) Marine Mammals of the World A Comprehensive Guide to their Identification London ; Burlington, MA: Academic ISBN 978-0-12-383853-7 7-16

[kasc-31] Kaschner, K., Tittensor, D. P., Ready, J., Gerrodette, T. & Worm, B. (2011) “Current and Future Patterns of Global Marine Mammal Biodiversity” PLoS ONE 6(5): 19653 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019653

[ship-32] Shipper, J. , Chanson, J. S. & Chiozza, F. et al (2008) “The Status of the World’s Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge” Science 322: 225-230 doi: 10.1126/science.1165115

[weaver1-33] Weaver et al. (2009). "The future of integrated deep-sea research in Europe: The HERMIONE project". Oceanography 22 (1), March 2009.

[schloesser1-34] Schloesser, Manfred (2009). European deep-sea research: Climate changes and deep-sea ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Innovations Report (website).

[hermes-35] HERMES website, http://www.eu-hermes.net/

[36] Schaefer MB (1957) "Some considerations of population dynamics and economics in relation to the management of marine fishes" Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 14: 669–81.

[Pew-37] Marine Fellow: Rainer Froese Pew Environment Group.

[38] Stergiou KI and Tsikliras AC (2006) Scientific impact of FishBase: A citation analysis In: Palomares MLD, Stergiou KI and Pauly D (eds.), Fishes in Databases and Ecosystems. Fisheries Centre, Research reports 14(4): 2–6.

[39] References Citing FishBase FishBase. Last modified 5 July 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2011.

[40] "Ocean Surface Topography from Space". NASA/JPL.

[41] "Ocean Surface Topography from Space". NASA/JPL.

[autogenerated2005-42] University of Florida. Gainesville, FL (2005). "Fish kill." Plant Management in Florida's Waters.

[43] Noga, Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2010, John Wiley and Sons ISBN 0-8138-0697-6, p. 316

[44] Quota Management.

[Census_book_2010-45] Worm, B (2010). "Chapter 16. The Future of Marine Animal Populations". In: MacIntyre AD (ed) Life in the World's Oceans: Diversity, Distribution and Abundance: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford:315–330. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[ScienceNews-46] "The End Of The Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat." Science News. December 23, 2006.

[47] Friend of the Sea becomes Main Aquaculture Industry Standard for Sustainability in 2008 World Fishing Today.com. Retrieved 20 Dec 2008.

[48] Friend of the Sea becomes main aquaculture sustainability standard Aquahoy. Retrieved 20 Dec 2008.

[49] International Dolphin-Safe project

[GPI_world-50] Background – January 7, 2010 (2010-01-07). "Greenpeace International: Greenpeace worldwide". Greenpeace.org. Retrieved 2011-02-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[GPI-FAQ-51] Background – January 8, 2009 (2009-01-08). "Greenpeace International FAQ: Questions about Greenpeace in general". Greenpeace.org. Retrieved 2011-02-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[HBS-52] Sarah Jane Gilbert (2008-09-08). "Harvard Business School, HBS Cases: The Value of Environmental Activists". Hbswk.hbs.edu. Retrieved 2011-02-21.

[Annual_report_2008-53] Greenpeace, Annual Report 2008 (pdf)

[54] European Union: Identifying Maltese fishing grounds

[55] European Union: Identifying Maltese fishing grounds

[56] Hollywood looks to take refuge in southern Chile

[57] sh, n. Oxford English Dictionary Third edition, March 2005; online version September 2011. Accessed 29 October 2011. An entry for this word was first included in New English Dictionary, 1904.

[AlanDavidson-58] Alan Davidson, Mediterranean Seafood, Penguin, 1972. ISBN 0-14-046174-4, pp. 86-108.

[59] "General Tournament Information" Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament

[60] Anderson, Benedict R. O'G., and Ruth Thomas McVey. A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing, 2009. p. 196

[61] ttp://dare.uva.nl/document/100523

[62] ttp://www.wfn.tv/wfntv/programs/show.php?showid=54

[63] ttp://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/45699918/ns/sports-outdoors/

[64] "George Francis Grant (1906-2008): fly tyer, environmentalist, founder". Retrieved 2010-03-30.

[65] Schullery, Paul, ed. (2007). "Introduction". Halford and the Dry Fly. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. pp. ix–xv. ISBN 0-8117-0272-3.

[66] Hills, John Waller (1921). A History of Fly Fishing For Trout. London: Phillp Allan & Co. p. 129.

[National_Geo-67] National Geographic: Fish Warrior

[68] South Coast Today: National Geographic reels in big catfish of lore

[69] Redmire Pool: History

[70] "Discovery Channel Lobster wars episode guide". Retrieved 2007-08-28.

[71] South Coast Today: National Geographic reels in big catfish of lore

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Essence of fishing==
-* [[Fishing]]
+* [[Fishing]] &ndash; activity of trying to catch fish.
+* [[Fishing industry]] &ndash; includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products.
-* [[Fishing industry]]
-* [[List of fishing techniques]]
+* [[Fishing techniques]]
+* [[Fishing tackle]] &ndash; Fishing tackle is a general term that refers to the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.
-* [[Fishing tackle]]
+* [[Fishing vessel]] &ndash; A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.
-* [[Fishing vessel]]
+* [[Fisherman]] &ndash;  A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish. The term can also be applied to [[Recreational fishing|recreational fishermen]] and may be used to describe both men and women. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the [[Mesolithic]] period.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5398850.stm Early humans followed the coast] BBC News article.</ref>    Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishermen and fish farmers.
-* [[Fisherman]]
-* [[Recreational fishing]]
+* [[Recreational fishing]] &ndash; Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.
-* [[Environmental effects of fishing]]
+* [[Environmental impact of fishing]] &ndash;
-* [[Adan River#Fishing community|Fishing communities]]
 == Fishing tackle ==
 === Fish hooks ===
+* [[Fish hook]] &ndash;  A fish hook is a device for catching fish either by impaling them in the mouth or, more rarely, by snagging the body of the fish.
-* [[Fish hook]]
+* [[Circle hook]] &ndash; A circle hook is a type of fish hook which is sharply curved back in a circular shape.
+* [[Hookset]] &ndash; In recreational fishing terminology, the hookset  is a motion made with a fishing rod in order to "set" a fish hook into the mouth of a fish once it has bitten a fishing lure or bait.
-* [[Circle hook]]
+* [[Fishing gaff]] &ndash; In fishing, a gaff is a pole with a sharp hook on the end that is used to stab a large fish and then lift the fish into the boat or onto shore.
-* [[Hookset]]
+* [[Sniggle]] &ndash; A sniggle is a type of fish hook used for catching eels , using the method of sniggling.
-* [[Fishing gaff]]
-* [[Sniggle]]
 === Fishing line ===
-* [[Fishing line]]
+* [[Fishing line]] &ndash; A fishing line is a cord used or made for angling.
+* [[Monofilament fishing line|Monofilament]] &ndash; Monofilament fishing line  is fishing line made from a single fiber of plastic.
+* [[Multifilament fishing line|Multifilament]] &ndash;  Multifilament line, also referred to as ''The Super Lines'', is a type of fishing line.
-* [[Monofilament fishing line|Monofilament]]
+* [[Braided fishing line|Braided]] &ndash; Braided line was one of the of earliest types of fishing line, and in its modern incarnations it is still very popular in some situations because of its high knot strength, lack of stretch, and great overall power in relation to its diameter.
-* [[Multifilament fishing line|Multifilament]]
+* [[Power pro]] &ndash; Power Pro is a type of fishing line made out of a material called Spectra fibers.
-* [[Braided fishing line|Braided]]
+* [[Fishing swivel|Swivel]] &ndash;  A fishing swivel is a small device consisting of two rings connected to a pivoting joint.  <ref>[http://www.orvis.co.uk/intro.asp?dir_id=441&subject=337&bhcp=1] Professional Fisherman Mark Anderson</ref>
-* [[Power pro]]
-* [[Fishing swivel|Swivel]]
-* [[:Category:Fishing knots|Fishing knots]]
 === Fishing sinker ===
+* [[Fishing sinker]] &ndash;  A fishing sinker or knoch is a weight used in conjunction with a fishing lure or hook to increase its rate of sink, anchoring ability, and/or casting distance.
-* [[Fishing sinker]]
+* [[Sandsinker]] &ndash; Sandsinkers are lead-free fishing sinkers made of fabric and filled with sand.
-* [[Sandsinker]]
+* [[Downrigger]] &ndash; A downrigger is a device used while fishing using the trolling method, which places a lure at the desired depth.
-* [[Downrigger]]
+* [[Bombarda]] &ndash; Bombarda is a type of weighted float used in rod and reel fishing.
-* [[Bombarda]]
+* [[Arlesey Bomb]] &ndash; The Arlesey Bomb is an angling weight developed by Richard Walker at the lake in Arlesey.
-* [[Arlesey Bomb]]
 === Fishing rod ===
+* [[Fishing rod]] &ndash; A fishing rod  or a fishing pole is a tool used to catch fish, usually in conjunction with the pastime of angling, and can also be used in competition casting.
-* [[Fishing rod]]
+* [[Fishing reel]] &ndash;  A fishing reel is a "cylindrical device attached to a fishing rod used in winding the line".
-* [[Fishing reel]]
+* [[Bamboo fly rod]] &ndash; A bamboo fly rod or a split cane rod is a fly fishing rod that is made from bamboo, also referred to as cane.
-* [[Bamboo fly rod]]
+* [[Fly rod building]] &ndash; Fly rod building is the art of constructing a fly fishing rod to match the performance desires of the individual angler.
-* [[Fly rod building]]
-* [[Fishing rod tapers]]
+* [[Fishing rod tapers]] &ndash; Fishing rod tapers describe how much a fishing rod bends or flexes under pressure.
 === Fishing bait ===
+* [[Fishing bait]] &ndash; Fishing bait is any substance used to attract and catch fish, e.g.
-* [[Fishing bait]]
+* [[Bait fish]] &ndash; Bait fish are small fish caught for use as bait to attract large predatory fish, particularly game fish.
-* [[Bait fish]]
+* [[Groundbait]] &ndash; Groundbait is used in coarse fishing in order to attract fish to the fishing area.
-* [[Groundbait]]
+* [[Chumming|Chum]] &ndash;  Chumming  is the practice of luring animals, usually fish or sharks, by throwing "chum" into the water.
-* [[Chumming|Chum]]
-* [[Clonk (fishing)|Clonk]]
+* [[Clonk (fishing)|Clonk]] &ndash; Clonk is a fishing tool which has been used for catfish fishing for ages mainly in Europe.
+* [[Vermicompost|Worm compost]] &ndash;  Vermicompost is the product or process of composting utilizing various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast.  <ref>{{cite journal | author = Ndegwa, P.M.; Thompson, S.A.; Das, K.C. | title = Effects of stocking density and feeding rate on vermicomposting of biosolids | journal = Bioresource Technology | volume = 71 | issue = | pages = 5-12 | year = 1998 | pmid = | doi = | url = http://www.earthworm.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/effect-of-stocking-density-feeding-rate-on-vermicomposting-of-biosolids.pdf }}</ref>
-* [[Vermicompost|Worm compost]]
+* [[Worm charming]] &ndash;  Worm charming, worm grunting, and worm fiddling are methods of attracting earthworms from the ground.  <ref>Phillips, John E.  MotherEarthNews.com.  1 May 1980.  "[http://www.motherearthnews.com/Homesteading-and-Self-Reliance/1980-05-01/Fiddling-For-Fish-Bait.aspx Fiddling for fish bait]".  Accessed 7 June 2007.</ref>
-* [[Worm charming]]
 * [[Boilie]]s
 === soft plastic bait ===
+* [[Soft plastic bait|Plastic bait]] &ndash; Soft plastic bait, commonly known as just plastic bait, is any of a range of plastic-based fishing fishing baits, termed so because of their soft, flexible rubber texture.
-* [[Soft plastic bait|Plastic bait]]
+* [[Soft plastic bait]] &ndash; Soft plastic bait, commonly known as just plastic bait, is any of a range of plastic-based fishing fishing baits, termed so because of their soft, flexible rubber texture.
-* [[Soft plastic bait]]
+* [[Plastic worm]] &ndash;  A plastic worm  is a plastic fishing lure, generally made to simulate an earthworm.
-* [[Plastic worm]]
+* [[Deadsticking]] &ndash; While fishing, generally for black bass, deadsticking is the act of presenting a soft plastic lure either by casting or a vertical drop and allowing the bait to remain motionless for an extended period time before retrieval.
-* [[Deadsticking]]
+* [[Texas rig]] &ndash;  The Texas rig is a technique used for fishing with soft plastic lures.
-* [[Texas rig]]
+* [[Carolina rig]] &ndash; The Carolina rig is a plastic bait rig similar to the Texas rig, but with the weight fixed above the hook, instead of sliding down to it.
-* [[Carolina rig]]
 === Fishing lures ===
+* [[Artificial fly]] &ndash;  An artificial fly or fly lure is a type of fishing lure, usually used in the sport of fly fishing .
-* [[Fishing lure]]s
+* [[Plug (fishing)|Fishing plug]] &ndash; Plugs are a popular type of hard-bodied fishing lure.
-* [[Artificial fly]]
+* [[Swimbait]] &ndash; Swimbaits are a loosely defined class of fishing lures that imitate fish and tend to be distinct in design from a typical crankbait.
-* [[Plug (fishing)|Fishing plug]]
+* [[Hair rig]] &ndash;  The hair rig is piece of fishing tackle which allows a bait to be presented without sitting directly on the hook.
-* [[Swimbait]]
+* [[Little Cleo]] &ndash;  The Little Cleo is a small spoon lure made by the Acme Tackle Company which comes in nine sizes from <sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>16</sub> oz to 1&thinsp;<sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>4</sub> oz, and in many different color combinations.
-* [[Hair rig]]
+* [[Mormyshka]] &ndash; Mormyshka  is a sort of fishing lure or a jig.
-* [[Little Cleo]]
+* [[Original Floater|Original floater]] &ndash; The Original Floater is a wobbler type of fishing lure, manufactured by Rapala.
-* [[Mormyshka]]
+* [[Spinnerbait]] &ndash; A Spinnerbait refers to any one of a family of fishing lures that get their name from one or more metal blades shaped so as to spin like a propeller when the lure is in motion, creating varying degrees of flash and vibration that mimics small fish or other prey.
-* [[Original Floater|Original floater]]
+* [[Spin fishing]] &ndash; Spin fishing is an angling technique where a spinning lure is used to entice the fish to bite.
-* [[Spinnerbait]]
+* [[Sabiki]] &ndash; A sabiki rig, sometimes called a piscatore rig, is a set of small lures typically used to catch fish that eat small prey.
-* [[Spin fishing]]
+* [[Jigging|Jig fishing]] &ndash; Jigging is the practice of fishing with a jig, a type of fishing lure.
-* [[Sabiki]]
+* [[Spoon lure]] &ndash; A spoon lure, in sport fishing, is an oblong, concave lure, usually of metal or shell, shaped like the bowl of a spoon.
-* [[Jigging|Jig fishing]]
+* [[Spoonplug]] &ndash; A spoonplug is a form of fishing lure.
-* [[Spoon lure]]
+* [[Surface lure]] &ndash; A surface lure is a fishing lure designed to waddle, pop, lock, drop, pulse, twitch or fizz across the surface of the water as it is retrieved, and in doing so imitate surface prey for fish such as mice, lizards, frogs, cicadas, moths and small injured fish.
-* [[Spoonplug]]
+* [[Topwater fishing lure|Topwater lure]] &ndash; A Topwater fishing lure is a type of fishing lure, usually floating, that may be moved about the surface of water in order to attract and cause fish to attempt to strike the lure.
-* [[Surface lure]]
+* [[Heddon]] &ndash; Heddon is a brand of artificial fishing lures created by James Heddon,   who is credited with the invention of the first artificial fishing lures made of wood in the late 1890s.
-* [[Topwater fishing lure|Topwater lure]]
+* [[Zara spook]] &ndash; Zara Spook 9260  is a topwater type fishing lure.
-* [[Heddon]]
-* [[Zara spook]]
 === Bite indicators ===
-* [[Bite indicator]]s
+* [[Bite indicator]]s  &ndash;
+* [[Fishing float]] &ndash;  A float,  also called a bobber, is a device used in angling that serves two main purposes: it can suspend the bait at a predetermined depth, and it can serve as a bite indicator.
-  | list8  =
+* [[Shortfloating]] &ndash; Shortfloating is an angling method developed to increase the chances of catching a willing fish while decreasing the loss of terminal gear.
-* [[Fishing float]]
+* [[Pellet waggler]] &ndash; A pellet waggler is a small, dumpy, float used for fishing.
-* [[Shortfloating]]
+* [[Quiver tip]] &ndash; A quiver tip is the top section, or tip, of the fishing rod which is designed to move, or quiver, when a fish bites.
-* [[Pellet waggler]]
-* [[Quiver tip]]
 === Apparel etc ===
+* [[Hip boot]] &ndash; Hip boots, or waders as they are colloquially called, are a type of boot initially designed to be worn by river fishermen.
+* [[Waders (footwear)|Waders]] &ndash; Waders refers to a waterproof boot extending from the foot to the chest, traditionally made from vulcanised rubber, but available in more modern PVC, neoprene and Gore-Tex variants.
-* [[Hip boot]]
+* [[Diving mask]] &ndash;  A diving mask  is an item of diving equipment that allows scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers to see clearly underwater.
-* [[Waders (footwear)|Waders]]
+* [[Creel (basket)|Creel]] &ndash; Creel is a type of small wicker basket mainly used by anglers to hold fish or other prey.
-* [[Diving mask]]
+* [[Personal flotation device]] &ndash; A personal flotation device  is a device designed to assist a wearer, either conscious or unconscious, to keep afloat.
-* [[Snorkeling#The snorkel|Snorkel]]
+* [[Wetsuit]] &ndash; A wetsuit is a garment, usually made of foamed neoprene, which is worn by surfers, divers, windsurfers, canoeists, and others engaged in water sports, providing thermal insulation, abrasion resistance and buoyancy.
-* [[Creel (basket)|Creel]]
-* [[Personal flotation device]]
-* [[Wetsuit]]
 == Fishing techniques ==
+* [[Gathering seafood by hand]] &ndash; Gathering seafood by hand can be as easy as picking shellfish or kelp up off the beach, or doing some digging for clams or crabs, or perhaps diving under the water for abalone or lobsters.
-[[Fishing techniques]]
+* [[Angling]] &ndash; Angling is a method of fishing by means of an "angle" .
-* [[Gathering seafood by hand]]
-* [[Angling]]
+* [[Handline fishing]]
+* [[Fishing net]] &ndash; A fishing net or fishnet is a net used for fishing.
-* [[Hand-line fishing]]
+* [[Fish trap]] &ndash; A fish trap is a trap used for fishing.
-* [[Fishing net]]
+* [[Spearfishing|spears]] &ndash; Spearfishing is an ancient method of fishing that has been used throughout the world for millennia.
-* [[Fish trap]]
+* [[Trawling]] &ndash; Trawling is a method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats.
-* [[Spearfishing|spears]]
+* [[Fishfinder|Other]] &ndash; A fishfinder is an instrument used to locate fish underwater by detecting reflected pulses of sound energy, as in SONAR.
-* [[Trawling]]
-* [[Fishfinder|Other]]
 === Gathering ===
+* [[Gathering seafood by hand]] &ndash; Gathering seafood by hand can be as easy as picking shellfish or kelp up off the beach, or doing some digging for clams or crabs, or perhaps diving under the water for abalone or lobsters.
-* [[Gathering seafood by hand]]
+* [[Clam digging]] &ndash; Clam digging is a common means of harvesting clams from below the surface of the tidal mud flats where they live.
-* [[Clam digging]]
+* [[Pearl hunting|Pearl diving]] &ndash; Pearl hunting or pearl diving refers to an obsolete method of retrieving pearls from pearl oysters, freshwater pearl mussels and, on rare occasions, other nacre-producing molluscs, such as abalone.
-* [[Pearl hunting|Pearl diving]]
-* [[Ama (diving)|Ama divers]]
+* [[Ama (diving)|Ama divers]] &ndash; Japanese divers, famous for collecting pearls.
+* [[Scallop aquaculture|Scallops]] &ndash;  Scallop aquaculture is the commercial activity of cultivating  scallops until they reach a marketable size and can be sold as a consumer product.  <ref>Shumway SE & Parsons GJ (2006). Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam.</ref> <ref>http://wwz.ifremer.fr/index.php?/aquaculture_en/statistiques_mondiales/la_conchyliculture/production_par_famille/pectinides</ref>
-* [[Abalone#Sport harvesting|Abalone]]
+* [[Noodling]] &ndash; Noodling is fishing for catfish using only bare hands, practiced primarily in the southern United States.
-* [[Scallop aquaculture|Scallops]]
+* [[Trout tickling]] &ndash;  Trout tickling is the art of rubbing the underbelly of a trout using fingers. <ref>Brian Morgan.  [http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/06/a4057706.shtml Story of the Virgin Soldier (Trout Tickling)]: Part of the BBC's ''WWII People's War'' Series. 12 May 2005. Article ID A4057706. Accessed on: 16-1-07.</ref>    If done properly, the trout will go into a trance-like state after a minute or so, and can then easily be thrown onto the nearest bit of dry land.
-* [[Noodling]]
+* [[Trout binning]] &ndash; Trout binning is a method of fishing, possibly fictional, described in the English periodical "The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction" .
-* [[Trout tickling]]
+* [[Flounder tramping]] &ndash; Flounder tramping is a traditional method of catching flounder or other flat fish by wading in shallow water and standing on them.
-* [[Trout binning]]
-* [[Flounder tramping]]
 === Spears ===
+* [[Spearfishing]] &ndash; Spearfishing is an ancient method of fishing that has been used throughout the world for millennia.
-* [[Spearfishing]]
+* [[Speargun]] &ndash; A speargun is an underwater fishing implement designed to fire a spear at fish.
-* [[Speargun]]
+* [[Polespear]] &ndash; A polespear  is an underwater tool used in spearfishing, consisting of a pole, a spear tip, and a rubber loop.
-* [[Polespear]]
+* [[Bowfishing]] &ndash; Bowfishing is a method of fishing that uses specialized archery equipment to shoot and retrieve fish.
-* [[Bowfishing]]
+* [[Harpoon]] &ndash; A harpoon is a long spear-like instrument used in fishing to catch fish or large marine mammals such as whales.
-* [[Harpoon]]
+* [[Gigging]] &ndash; Gigging is the practice of hunting fish or small game with a gig or similar multi-pronged spear.
-* [[Gigging]]
+* [[Trident]] &ndash; A trident , also called a trishula or leister or gig, is a three-pronged spear.
-* [[Trident]]
-* [[Hawaiian sling]]
+* [[Hawaiian sling]] &ndash; The Hawaiian sling is a device used in spearfishing.
 === Lines ===
+* [[Handline fishing]] &ndash; Handline fishing, or handlining, is fishing with a single fishing line which is held in the hands.
-* [[Handline fishing]]
+* [[Longline fishing]] &ndash;  Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique.  <ref>[[European Union]]: [http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/studies/bio/1309R03B96031.pdf. Identifying Maltese fishing grounds]</ref>
-* [[Longline fishing]]
-* [[Trolling (fishing)|Trolling]]
+* [[Trolling (fishing)|Trolling]] &ndash; method of fishing where one or more fishing lines, baited with lures or bait fish, are  drawn through the water.
+* [[Dropline]] &ndash; A dropline is a commercial fishing device, consisting of a long fishing line set vertically down into the water, with a series of fishing hooks attached to snoods.
-* [[Dropline]]
+* [[Trotline]] &ndash;  A trotline is a heavy fishing line with baited hooks attached at intervals by means of branch lines called snoods.  <ref>http://www.whiskerkitty.com/Trotlines.html</ref>
-* [[Trotline]]
+* [[Jigging]] &ndash; Jigging is the practice of fishing with a jig, a type of fishing lure.
-* [[Jigging]]
+* [[Jiggerpole]] &ndash; A jiggerpole  is a very long fishing pole that is used with a very short and very heavy line, usually a foot  or less of 50 lbf  test or heavier.
-* [[Jiggerpole]]
-* [[Jug fishing]]
 === Nets ===
-* [[Fishing net]]
+* [[Fishing net]] &ndash; A fishing net or fishnet is a net used for fishing.
+* [[Cast net]] &ndash; A cast net, also called a throw net, is a net used for fishing.
-* [[Cast net]]
-* [[Chinese fishing nets|Chinese fishing net]]
+* [[Chinese fishing nets|Chinese fishing net]] &ndash;  The Chinese fishing nets  are fishing nets that are fixed land installations for an unusual form of fishing &mdash; shore operated lift nets.
+* [[Drift netting|Drift net]] &ndash;  Drift netting is a fishing technique where nets, called drift nets, are allowed to float freely at the surface of a sea or lake.
-* [[Drift netting|Drift net]]
-* [[Ghost net]]s
+* [[Ghost net]]s  &ndash;
+* [[Gillnetting|Gill net]] &ndash;  Gillnetting is a common fishing method used by commercial and artisanal fishermen of all the oceans and in some freshwater and estuary areas.
-* [[Gillnetting|Gill net]]
 * [[Glass float]]s
+* [[Hand net]] &ndash; A hand net, also called a scoop net, is a net or mesh basket held open by a hoop.
-* [[Hand net]]
+* [[Lampara net]] &ndash;  Lampara nets are surround nets with the shape of a spoon or dust pan.
-* [[Lampara net]]
+* [[Lampuki netting|Lampuki net]] &ndash; Lampuki is the Maltese name for the dorado or mahi-mahi, a kind of fish that migrates past the Maltese islands during the autumn.
-* [[Lampuki netting|Lampuki net]]
+* [[Lave net]] &ndash; A lave net is a type of fishing net used in river estuaries, particularly in the Severn Estuary in Wales and England to catch salmon.
-* [[Lave net]]
+* [[Surrounding net]] &ndash; A surrounding net is a fishing net which surrounds fish on the sides and underneath.
-* [[Surrounding net]]
-* [[Seine fishing|Seine net]]
+* [[Seine fishing|Seine net]] &ndash; Seine fishing  is a method of fishing that employs a seine or dragnet.
-* [[Tangle net]]
+* [[Tangle net]] &ndash;
+* [[Trawling|Trawl net]] &ndash; Trawling is a method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats.
-* [[Trawling|Trawl net]]
+* [[Turtle excluder device]] &ndash; A turtle excluder device or TED is a specialized device that allows a captured sea turtle to escape when caught in a fisherman's net.
-* [[Turtle excluder device]]
 === Traps ===
-* [[Fish trap|Fishing traps]]
+* [[Fish trap|Fishing traps]] &ndash; A fish trap is a trap used for fishing.
+* [[Fish wheel]] &ndash; A fish wheel is a device for catching fish which operates much as a water-powered mill wheel.
-* [[Fish wheel]]
+* [[Fishing weir]] &ndash; A fishing weir, or fish weir, is an obstruction placed in tidal waters or wholly or partially across a river, which is designed to hinder the passage of fish.
-* [[Fishing weir]]
-* [[Fishing basket]]
+* [[Fishing basket]] &ndash; A fishing basket is a basket used for fishing.
+* [[Crab trap]] &ndash; Crab traps are used to bait, lure, and catch crabs for commercial or recreational use.
-* [[Crab trap]]
+* [[Eel buck]] &ndash; Eel bucks are a type of fish trap that was prevalent in the River Thames in England up to the 20th century.
-* [[Eel buck]]
+* [[Lobster trap]] &ndash; A lobster trap or lobster pot is a portable trap that traps lobsters or crayfish and is used in lobster fishing.
-* [[Lobster trap]]
+* [[Putcher fishing]] &ndash; Putcher fishing is a type of fishing  which employs a large number of putcher baskets, set in a fixed wooden frame, against the tide in a river estuary, notably on the River Severn, in England and South East Wales.
-* [[Putcher fishing]]
-* [[Corf]]
+* [[Corf or Corve]]
 * [[Trabucco]]
+* [[Almadraba]] &ndash; Almadraba tuna is tuna caught by an elaborate and age-old Andalusian technique of setting nets in a maze that leads to a central pool called "copo".
-* [[Almadraba]]
+* [[Double-Heart of Stacked Stones]] &ndash;  The Double-heart of stacked stones or the Twin-Heart Fish Trap is a stone weir located on the north side of Cimei, an island in the Penghu archipelago to the west of Taiwan.
-* [[Double-Heart of Stacked Stones]]
 === Other ===
+* [[Fishfinder]] &ndash; A fishfinder is an instrument used to locate fish underwater by detecting reflected pulses of sound energy, as in SONAR.
-* [[Fishfinder]]
+* [[Fishing light attractor]] &ndash; A fishing light attractor is a fishing aid which uses lights attached to structure above water or suspended underwater to attract both fish and members of their food chain to specific areas in order to harvest them.
-* [[Fishing light attractor]]
+* [[Fish aggregating device]] &ndash; A fish aggregating  device  is a man-made object used to attract ocean going pelagic fish such as marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi .
-* [[Fish aggregating device]]
+* [[Payaos]] &ndash; A payaos is a type of fish aggregating device used in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines.
-* [[Payaos]]
+* [[Basnig]] &ndash; Basnig is a traditional fishing technique in the Philippines.
-* [[Basnig]]
-* [[Flosser|Flossing]]
+* [[Flosser|Flossing]] &ndash; Flossers are anglers who use the method of "bottom bouncing" to catch fish.
+* [[Ice fishing]] &ndash; Ice fishing is the practice of catching fish with lines and fish hooks or spears through an opening in the ice on a frozen body of water.
-* [[Ice fishing]]
+* [[Cormorant fishing]] &ndash;  Cormorant fishing is a traditional fishing method in which fishermen use trained cormorants to fish in rivers.
-* [[Cormorant fishing]]
-* [[Offshore kite fishing|Kite fishing]]
+* [[Kite fishing]]
-* [[Electrofishing]]
+* [[Electrofishing]] &ndash; uses electricity to stun fish before they are caught.
+* [[Shrimp baiting]] &ndash; Shrimp baiting is a method used by recreational fisherman for of catching shrimp.
-* [[Shrimp baiting]]
+* [[Fishing dredge|Dredging]] &ndash;  A fishing dredge, also known as a scallop dredge, oyster dredge, etc, is a kind of dredge which is towed along the bottom of the sea by a fishing boat in order to collect a targeted edible bottom-dwelling species.
-* [[Fishing dredge|Dredging]]
+* [[Muroami]] &ndash;  The muro-ami fishing technique, employed on coral reefs in Southeast Asia, uses an encircling net together with pounding devices.
-* [[Muroami]]
+* [[Blast fishing|Explosives]] &ndash;  Blast fishing or dynamite fishing is the practice of using explosives to stun or kill schools of fish for easy collection.
-* [[Blast fishing|Explosives]]
+* [[Cyanide fishing]] &ndash; Cyanide fishing is a method of collecting live fish mainly for use in aquariums, which involves spraying a sodium cyanide mixture into the desired fish's habitat in order to stun the fish.
-* [[Cyanide fishing]]
+* [[Fish toxins]] &ndash;  Fish toxins or fish stupifying plants have historically been used by many hunter gatherer cultures to ''stun'' fish, so that the fish become easy to collect by hand.
-* [[Fish toxins]]
 ===Fishing vessels===
+* [[Fishing vessel]] &ndash; A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.
-* [[Fishing vessel]]
+* [[Coble|Traditional boats]]  &ndash;  The coble is a type of open traditional fishing boat which developed on the North East coast of England.
-* [[Coble|Traditional boats]]
+* [[Fishing trawler]] &ndash; A fishing trawler  is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls.
-* [[Fishing trawler]]
-* [[Seine fishing|Seiner]]
+* [[Seine fishing|Seiner]] &ndash; Seine fishing  is a method of fishing that employs a seine or dragnet.
-* [[Drifter (fishing boat)|Drifter]]
+* [[Drifter (fishing boat)|Drifter]] &ndash;
+* [[Longline fishing|Longliner]] &ndash;  Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique.  <ref>[[European Union]]: [http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/studies/bio/1309R03B96031.pdf. Identifying Maltese fishing grounds]</ref>
-* [[Longline fishing|Longliner]]
+* [[Factory ship]] &ndash;  A factory ship, also known as a fish processing vessel, is a large ocean-going vessel with extensive on-board facilities for processing and freezing caught fish.
-* [[Factory ship]]
-* [[Fishing fleet]]
+* [[Fishing fleet]] &ndash; A fishing fleet is an aggregate of commercial fishing vessels.
+* [[Research vessel]] &ndash; A research vessel  is a ship designed and equipped to carry out research at sea.
-* [[Research vessel]]
-* [[Whaler]]s
+* [[Whaler]]s &ndash; Whalers  may refer to:
+* [[Deadliest Catch]] &ndash; ''Deadliest Catch'' is a documentary/reality television series produced by Original Productions for the Discovery Channel.
-* [[Deadliest Catch]]
 ====Traditional fishing boats====
 * [[Traditional fishing boat]]s
+* [[Bawley]] &ndash; A Bawley was an English sailing vessel typified by a boomless cutter rig and probably named for having a boiler for cooking shrimp in amidships.
-* [[Bawley]]
+* [[Bokkura]] &ndash;  Bokkura  is the smallest sailing vessel used in Maldives.
-* [[Bokkura]]
-* [[Caïque]]
+* [[caïque]] &ndash;
+* [[Cape Islander]] &ndash; A Cape Island style fishing boat is an inshore motor fishing boat found across Atlantic Canada having a single keeled flat bottom at the stern and more rounded towards the bow.
-* [[Cape Islander]]
+* [[Coble]] &ndash;  The coble is a type of open traditional fishing boat which developed on the North East coast of England.
-* [[Chasse-marée#Chasse-marée - boat|Chasse-marée]]
+* [[Coracle]] &ndash;  The coracle is a small, lightweight boat of the sort traditionally used in Wales but also in parts of Western and South Western England, Ireland , <ref>[http://www.data-wales.co.uk/coracle1.htm The coracle, an ancient little boat]</ref>    and Scotland ; the word is also used of similar boats found in India, Vietnam, Iraq and Tibet.
-* [[Coble]]
+* [[Couta]] &ndash; A couta boat is a type of boat sailed in Victoria, Australia, around Sorrento and Queenscliff and along Victoria's west coast as far west as Portland.
-* [[Coracle]]
+* [[Currach]] &ndash; A Currach  is a type of Irish boat with a wooden frame, over which animal skins or hides were once stretched, though now canvas is more usual.
-* [[Couta]]
+* [[Dogger (boat)|Dogger]] &ndash;  The dogger was a form of fishing boat, developed during the seventeenth century, that commonly operated in the North Sea.
-* [[Currach]]
+* [[Dhoni]] &ndash; Dhoni or Doni  is a multi-purpose sail boat with a motor or lateen sails that is used in the Maldives.
-* [[Dogger (boat)|Dogger]]
+* [[Dugout (boat)|Dugout]] &ndash; A dugout or dugout canoe is a boat made from a hollowed tree trunk.
-* [[Dhoni]]
+* [[falkusa]] &ndash;  A falkusa  is a traditional fishing boat used by fishermen from the town of Komiža on the Adriatic island of Vis, Croatia. <ref name="SD2009">{{cite web | url=http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Mozaik/tabid/80/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/66797/Default.aspx | title=Rota Palagruzona kao zazivanje duhova komiških ribara | date=August 22, 2009 | last=Krnić | first=Denis | work=[[Slobodna Dalmacija]] | language=Croatian | accessdate=2010-02-20}}</ref>
-* [[Dugout (boat)|Dugout]]
+* [[Felucca]] &ndash; A felucca  is a traditional wooden sailing boat used in protected waters of the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean including Malta, and particularly along the Nile in Egypt, Sudan, and also in Iraq.
-* [[Falkuša]]
+* [[Fifie]] &ndash; The Fifie is a design of sailing boat developed on the east coast of Scotland.
-* [[Felucca]]
+* [[Friendship Sloop|Friendship sloop]] &ndash; The Friendship sloop, also known as a Muscongus Bay sloop or lobster sloop, is a style of gaff-rigged sloop that originated in Friendship, Maine around 1880.
-* [[Fifie]]
+* [[Galway hooker]] &ndash; The Galway hooker  is a traditional fishing boat used in Galway Bay off the west coast of Ireland.
-* [[Friendship Sloop|Friendship sloop]]
+* [[Herring buss]] &ndash; A herring buss  was a type of sea-going fishing vessel, used by Dutch and Flemish herring fishermen in the 15th through early 19th centuries.
-* [[Galway hooker]]
+* [[Jangada]] &ndash;  A Jangada is a traditional fishing boat made of wood used in the northern region of Brazil.
-* [[Herring buss]]
+* [[Jukung]] &ndash; A jukung or canoe is a small wooden Indonesian boat.
-* [[Jangada]]
+* [[Kolae boat|Kolae]] &ndash; A Kolae boat  is a traditional fishing boat used in the lower southern provinces of Thailand.
-* [[Jukung]]
+* [[Lugger]] &ndash; A lugger is a class of boats, widely used as traditional fishing boats, particularly off the coasts of France, England and Scotland.
-* [[Kolae boat|Kolae]]
+* [[Luzzu]] &ndash; A luzzu  is a traditional fishing boat from the Maltese islands.
-* [[Lugger]]
+* [[Mackinaw boat|Mackinaw]] &ndash; The Mackinaw boat is a loose term for a light, open sailboat used in the interior of North America during the fur trading era.
-* [[Luzzu]]
+* [[Monterey clipper]] &ndash;  The Monterey Clipper is a fishing boat common to the San Francisco Bay Area, the Monterey Bay Area and east to the Sacramento delta.
-* [[Mackinaw boat|Mackinaw]]
+* [[Nobby (boat)|Nobby]] &ndash;  The nobby is an inshore sailing boat which was used as a traditional fishing boat around Lancashire and the Isle of Man.
-* [[Monterey clipper]]
+* [[Nordland (boat)|Nordland]] &ndash; The Nordland boat , is a type of fishing boat that has been used for centuries in northern counties of Nordland, Troms and Finnmark of Norway and derives its name from Nordland county where it has a long history.
-* [[Nobby (boat)|Nobby]]
+* [[Pirogue]] &ndash;  A pirogue is a small, flat-bottomed boat of a design associated particularly with the Cajuns of the Louisiana marsh.
-* [[Nordland (boat)|Nordland]]
+* [[Poveiro (boat)|Poveiro]] &ndash; The Poveiro is a genre of fishing vessel, for coastal and deep sea fishing, mostly used in Northern Portugal from the Douro river till Galicia by the people of Póvoa de Varzim, its fisher colonies along the coast, and related communities in Northern Portugal.
-* [[Pirogue]]
+* [[Reed boat]] &ndash;  Reed boats and rafts, along with dugout canoes and other rafts, are among the oldest known types of boats.
-* [[Poveiro (boat)|Poveiro]]
+* [[Sampan]] &ndash; A sampan  is a relatively flat bottomed Chinese wooden boat from  long.
-* [[Reed boat]]
+* [[Sgoth Niseach|Sgoth]] &ndash;  A Sgoth or ''Sgoth Niseach'' is a traditional type of clinker built skiff with a dipping lug rig and a Lateen style sail built mainly in Ness.
-* [[Sampan]]
+* [[Shad boat]] &ndash;  The shad boat is a traditional fishing boat which was proclaimed the Official State Historic Boat of North Carolina by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1987.
-* [[Sgoth Niseach|Sgoth]]
+* [[Sixareen]] &ndash; The sixareen or sixern  is a traditional fishing boat used around the Shetland Islands.
-* [[Shad boat]]
+* [[Smack (ship)|Smack]] &ndash;  A smack was a traditional fishing boat used off the coast of England and the Atlantic coast of America for most of the 19th century, and even in small numbers up to the Second World War.
-* [[Sixareen]]
+* [[Sneakbox]] &ndash; A sneakbox is a small boat that can be sailed, rowed, poled or sculled.
-* [[Smack (ship)|Smack]]
+* [[Well smack]] &ndash; A well smack is a type of traditional fishing boat that has a ''well'' amidships.
-* [[Sneakbox]]
+* [[Yawl]] &ndash;  A yawl  is a two-masted sailing craft similar to a sloop or cutter but with an additional mast  located well aft of the main mast, often right on the transom, specifically aft of the rudder post. <ref>Rule F.1.2 of {{Citation| editor-last=International Sailing Federation| editor-link =http://www.sailing.org| title=Equipment Rules of sailing| edition =edition valid from 2009 to 2012| url=http://www.sailing.org/tools/documents/ERS%202009-2012_Final-%5B5953%5D.pdf| accessdate=2009-06-13}}</ref>
-* [[Well smack]]
+* [[Yoal]] &ndash; The Yoal, often referred to as the Ness Yoal, is a clinker built craft used traditionally in the Shetland Islands.
-* [[Yawl]]
-* [[Yoal]]
 ====The dory====
+* [[Dory]] &ndash; The dory is a small, shallow-draft boat, about  long.
-* [[Dory]]
+*  [[Banks dory]] &ndash;  The Banks dory, also known as the Grand Banks dory, is the most common variation of the family of boats known as dories.
-*  [[Banks dory]]
+*  [[Cape Ann dory]] &ndash; The Cape Ann dory is a traditional fishing boat, a variant of the beach dory or Swampscott dory.
-*  [[Cape Ann dory]]
+*  [[Gloucester dory]] &ndash; The Gloucester dory is a variant of the Banks dory, a type of narrow-bottomed, slab-sided boat, common in the North Eastern United States.
-*  [[Gloucester dory]]
+*  [[McKenzie River dory]] &ndash;  The McKenzie dory or Rogue River dory also called by many a Drift Boat is an evolution of the open-water dory, converted for use in rivers.
-*  [[McKenzie River dory]]
+*  [[Swampscott dory]] &ndash; The Swampscott dory  is a traditional fishing boat, used during the middle of the 19th century by fishing villages along the coast of Massachusetts.
-*  [[Swampscott dory]]
 ==== Oyster boats =====
-* [[Bugeye]]
+* [[Bugeye]] &ndash;
-* [[Chesapeake Bay deadrise|Deadrise]]
+* [[Chesapeake Bay deadrise|Deadrise]] &ndash; The Chesapeake Bay deadrise is a type of traditional fishing boat used in the Chesapeake Bay.
+* [[Log canoe]] &ndash; The log canoe is a type of sailboat developed in the Chesapeake Bay region.
-* [[Log canoe]]
+* [[Pungy]] &ndash;  The pungy  is a type of schooner developed in and peculiar to the Chesapeake Bay region.
-* [[Pungy]]
-* [[Oyster schooners|Schooners]]
+* [[Oyster schooners|Schooners]] &ndash; Oyster schooners are a type of traditional fishing boat specifically designed for the harvesting of oysters.
+* [[Sharpie (boat)|Sharpie]] &ndash; Sharpies are a type of hard chined sailboat with a flat bottom, extremely shallow draft, centerboards and straight, flaring sides.
-* [[Sharpie (boat)|Sharpie]]
-* [[Skipjack (boat)|Skipjack]]
+* [[Skipjack (boat)|Skipjack]] &ndash; The skipjack is a traditional fishing boat used on Chesapeake Bay for oyster dredging.
 ==== Recreational fishing boats ====
+* [[Bass boat]] &ndash; A bass boat is a small boat that is designed and equipped primarily for bass fishing or fishing for other panfish, usually in freshwater such as lakes, rivers and streams.
-* [[Bass boat]]
+* [[Farley Boats|Farley]] &ndash; Farley Boats set the standard along the Gulf Coast for fishing and sport from 1915 to the mid-1970s.
-* [[Farley Boats|Farley]]
 ==History of fishing==
-[[History of fishing]]
 * [[Traditional fishing boats]]
-* [[Chasse-marée]]
+* [[Chasse-marée]] &ndash; specific, archaic type of decked commercial sailing vessel.
-* [[Fishing in Cornwall]]
+* [[Fishing in Cornwall]] &ndash;  Fishing in Cornwall has traditionally been one of the main elements of the economy.
+* [[Scottish east coast fishery]] &ndash; The Scottish east coast fishery has been in existence for more than a thousand years, spanning the Viking period right up to the present day.
-* [[Scottish east coast fishery]]
+* [[Garum]] &ndash;  Garum, similar to liquamen, <ref>(R. Zahn), ''Real-Encyclopaedia der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft'', s.v. "Garum", 1st Series '''7''' (1912) pp. 841-849.</ref>    was a condiment
-* [[Garum]]
+* [[Munster pilchard fishery 1570–1750]]
-* [[Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture]]
+* [[Fishery Protection Squadron]] &ndash; The Fishery Protection Squadron is a front-line squadron of the Royal Navy with responsibility for patrolling the UK's Extended Fisheries Zone.
-* [[Migratory Fishery of Labrador]]
+* [[Pearling in Western Australia]] &ndash;  Pearling in Western Australia existed well before European settlement.
-* [[Munster pilchard fishery 1570-1750]]
+* [[Scania Market]] &ndash;  The Scania Market  was a major fish market for herring which took place annually in Scania during the Middle Ages.
-* [[Fishery Protection Squadron]]
+* [[Harold Innis and the cod fishery]] &ndash;  Harold Adams Innis  was a professor of political economy at the University of Toronto and the author of seminal works on Canadian economic history and on media and communication theory.  <ref>Babe, Robert E. (2000) "The Communication Thought of Harold Adams Innis." In ''Canadian Communication Thought: Ten Foundational Writers''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 51-88.</ref>
-* [[Medieval European maritime culture#Cod-fishing Fleets|Cod-fishing in the North atlantic]]
+* [[Fishing stage]] &ndash; wooden vernacular building, typical of the rough traditional buildings associated with the cod fishery in Newfoundland, Canada.
-* [[Pearling in Western Australia]]
-* [[Scania Market]]
-* [[Harold Innis and the cod fishery]]
-* [[Fishing stage]]
 === Conflicts ===
+* [[Bering Sea Arbitration]] &ndash; The Bering Sea Arbitration arose out of a fishery dispute between Great Britain and the United States in the 1880s which was closed by this arbitration in 1893.
-* [[Bering Sea Arbitration]]
 * [[Korean maritime border incidents]] (crab wars)
+* [[Cod Wars|Cod wars]] &ndash;  The Cod Wars, also called the Icelandic Cod Wars , were a series of confrontations in the 1950s and 1970s between the United Kingdom and Iceland regarding fishing rights in the North Atlantic.
-* [[Cod Wars|Cod wars]]
+* [[Newlyn riots]] &ndash; The Newlyn riots were a major civil disturbance that occurred in Newlyn, Cornwall, UK on the three days beginning 18 May 1896 ; it arose from the local fishery and the trade in fish.
-* [[Newlyn riots]]
+* [[Shetland bus]] &ndash; The Shetland Bus was the nickname of a clandestine special operations group that made a permanent link between Shetland, Scotland, and German-occupied Norway from 1941 until the German occupation ended on 8 May 1945.
-* [[Shetland bus]]
+* [[Turbot War]] &ndash; The Turbot War of 1995 was an international fishing dispute between Canada,  and Spain  in which Canada stopped a Galician  fishing trawler in international waters and arrested its crew.
-* [[Turbot War]]
 === Disasters and memorials ===
+* [[Stotfield fishing disaster]] &ndash; The Stotfield fishing disaster was the first of several fishing disasters of the 19th century on the east coast of Scotland.
-* [[Stotfield fishing disaster]]
+* [[Eyemouth disaster]] &ndash; The Eyemouth disaster was a severe European windstorm that struck the southern coast of Scotland, United Kingdom, specifically Berwickshire, on 14 October 1881.
-* [[Eyemouth disaster]]
+* [[Moray Firth fishing disaster]] &ndash; The Moray Firth fishing disaster of August 1848 was one of the worst fishing disasters in maritime history on the east coast of Scotland, and was caused by a severe storm that struck the Moray Firth.
-* [[Moray Firth fishing disaster]]
+* [[2004 Morecambe Bay cockling disaster]] &ndash; The Morecambe Bay cockling disaster occurred on the evening of 5&nbsp;February 2004 at Morecambe Bay in North West England, when at least 21&nbsp;cockle pickers were drowned by an incoming tide off the Lancashire/Cumbrian coast.
-* [[2004 Morecambe Bay cockling disaster]]
-* [[1959 Escuminac hurricane]]
+* [[1959 Escuminac hurricane]] &ndash; The 1959 Escuminac Hurricane  was one of the deadliest Canadian hurricanes.
+* [[Steveston Fisherman's Memorial]] &ndash; The Steveston Fisherman's Memorial is a freestanding memorial commemorating the lives and deaths of fishermen working out of Steveston, British Columbia.
-* [[Steveston Fisherman's Memorial]]
 === Historic fishing culture ===
 ==== Historic fishing villages ====
+* [[Fishing village]] &ndash;  A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood.
-* [[Fishing village]]
-* [[Traditional fishing village]]s
+* [[Traditional fishing village]]s  &ndash;
+** [[Akwidaa]] &ndash; Akwidaa is a fishing village in the Western Region of south-west Ghana, and is one of the southernmost places in Ghana.
-** [[Akwidaa]]
+** [[Algajola]] &ndash;  Algajola  is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica.
-** [[Algajola]]
-** [[Ardglass]]
+** [[Ardglass]] &ndash;
+** [[Bermeo]] &ndash; Bermeo is a town and municipality in the sub-region of Busturialdea.
-** [[Bermeo]]
 ** [[Bethsaida]]
+** [[Bolungarvík]] &ndash; Bolungarvík is a fishing village and municipality in the North-West of Iceland, located at the Vestfirðir peninsula, approximately 14 kilometres from the town of Ísafjörður and 473&nbsp;km from the capital city Reykjavík.
-** [[Bolungarvík]]
+** [[Cadgwith]] &ndash; Cadgwith  is a village and fishing port in Cornwall, United Kingdom.
-** [[Cadgwith]]
+** [[Catalan Bay]] &ndash; Catalan Bay  is a small bay and fishing village in Gibraltar, on the eastern side of The Rock away from the main city.
-** [[Catalan Bay]]
+** [[Ciboure]] &ndash; Ciboure  is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
-** [[Ciboure]]
+** [[Clovelly]] &ndash;  Clovelly is a village in the Torridge district of Devon, England.
-** [[Clovelly]]
+** [[Cullercoats]] &ndash;  Cullercoats is an urban area of north east England, with a population 9,407 in 2004.
-** [[Cullercoats]]
+** [[Dunmore East]] &ndash; Dunmore East  is a popular tourist and fishing village village in County Waterford, Ireland.
-** [[Dunmore East]]
+** [[Ea, Biscay]] &ndash; Ea is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the
-** [[Ea, Biscay]]
+** [[Elantxobe]] &ndash; Elantxobe is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.
-** [[Elantxobe]]
+** [[Findon, Aberdeenshire|Findon]] &ndash;  Findon or Finnan  is a fishing village eight miles south of Aberdeen, <ref>Geddes MacGregor, ''Scotland: An Intimate Portrait'', 1990, Houghton Mifflin Books, 288 pages  ISBN 0-395-56236-8</ref>    famous for originating the smoked haddock known as Finnan haddie.
-** [[Findon, Aberdeenshire|Findon]]
+** [[Getaria (Spain)|Getaria]] &ndash; Getaria  is a coastal town located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in the North of Spain.
-** [[Getaria (Spain)|Getaria]]
+** [[Guéthary]] &ndash; Guéthary  is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
-** [[Guéthary]]
-** [[Gilleleje]]
+** [[Gilleleje]] &ndash;  Gilleleje is, with a population of 6,491 ,
+** [[Grip, Norway|Grip]] &ndash;  Grip  is an archipelago, a deserted fishing village, and a former municipality about  northwest of the city of Kristiansund.
-** [[Grip, Norway|Grip]]
+** [[Gümüşlük]] &ndash; Gümüşlük, a seaside village and fishing port in Turkey, is situated on the remains of the ancient city of Myndos.
-** [[Gümüşlük]]
+** [[Hondarribia]] &ndash; Hondarribia  is a town situated on the west shore of Bidasoa river's mouth, in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain.
-** [[Hondarribia]]
-** [[Hovden, Nordland|Hovden]]
+** [[Hovden, Nordland|Hovden]] &ndash; fishing community in Bø municipality in Nordland county, Norway.
+** [[Huanchaco]] &ndash;  Huanchaco beach is a summer vacation spot located in the northern city of Trujillo, Peru.
-** [[Huanchaco]]
-** [[Kaunolu Village Site|Kaunolu Village]]
+** [[Kaunolu Village Site|Kaunolu Village]] &ndash;  Kaunolū Village Site is located on the south coast of the island of Lānaʻi.
-** [[Ladner, British Columbia|Ladner]]
+** [[Ladner, British Columbia|Ladner]] &ndash; Ladner was created as a fishing village on the banks of the Fraser River.
+** [[Lamorna]] &ndash;  Lamorna  is a fishing village and cove in west Cornwall, United Kingdom.
-** [[Lamorna]]
+** [[Lekeitio]] &ndash;  Lekeitio  is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Spanish Autonomous Community of Basque Country, 53&nbsp;km northeast from Bilbao.
-** [[Lekeitio]]
+** [[Marsaxlokk]] &ndash; Marsaxlokk is a traditional fishing village located in the south-eastern part of Malta, with a population of 3,277 people .
-** [[Marsaxlokk]]
+** [[Moskenes]] &ndash; Moskenes is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway.
-** [[Moskenes]]
+** [[Mundaka]] &ndash; Mundaka is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.
-** [[Mundaka]]
+** [[Mutriku]] &ndash;  Mutriku  is a town located in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Autonomous Community of Basque Country in northern Spain.
-** [[Mutriku]]
-** [[Newhaven, Edinburgh|Newhaven]]
+** [[Newhaven, Edinburgh|Newhaven]] &ndash; Newhaven is a district in the City of Edinburgh, Scotland, between Leith and Granton.
+** [[Nyksund]] &ndash; Nyksund is a coastal village in Vesterålen, northern Norway .
-** [[Nyksund]]
-** [[Old Perlican, Newfoundland and Labrador|Old Perlican]]
+** [[Old Perlican]]
+** [[Ondarroa]] &ndash; Ondarroa is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.
-** [[Ondarroa]]
+** [[Ona, SandÃ¸y|Ona]] &ndash; Ona is a village and an island group located in the municipality of Sandøy in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.
-** [[Ona, Sandøy|Ona]]
+** [[Orio]] &ndash; Orio  is a fishing town located in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Autonomous Community, northern Spain, with the town nucleus lying on the river Oria, roughly one mile away from its mouth by the Bay of Biscay.
-** [[Orio]]
+** [[Pasaia]] &ndash;  Pasaia  is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Autonomous Community of northern Spain.
-** [[Pasaia]]
-** [[Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia|Peggys Cove]]
+** [[Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia|Peggys Cove]] &ndash; Peggys Cove , also known as Peggy's Cove from 1961 to 1976, is a small rural community located on the eastern shore of St.
+** [[Pittenweem]] &ndash;  Pittenweem  is a small and secluded fishing village and civil parish tucked in the corner of Fife on the east coast of Scotland.
-** [[Pittenweem]]
+** [[Plentzia]] &ndash; Plentzia  is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, in northern Spain.
-** [[Plentzia]]
-** [[Po Toi O]]
+** [[Po Toi O]] &ndash;  Po Toi O  is a small fishing village
+** [[Polperro]] &ndash; Polperro  is a village and fishing harbour on the south-east Cornwall coast in South West England, UK, within the civil parish of Lansallos.
-** [[Polperro]]
-** [[Port Isaac]]
+** [[Port Isaac]] &ndash; Port Isaac a.k.a.
+** [[Portmahomack]] &ndash;  Portmahomack  is a small fishing village in Easter Ross, Scotland.
-** [[Portmahomack]]
-** [[Portavogie]]
+** [[Portavogie]] &ndash;  Portavogie
+** [[Portofino]] &ndash; Portofino  is a small Italian fishing village, ''comune'' and tourist resort located in the province of Genoa on the Italian Riviera.
-** [[Portofino]]
-** [[St. Abbs]]
+** [[St. Abbs]] &ndash; St.
-** [[Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador|Red Bay]]
+** [[Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador|Red Bay]] &ndash; Red Bay is a fishing village and former site of several Basque whaling stations on the southern coast of Labrador in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
+** [[Reine]] &ndash;  Reine is the administrative centre of Moskenes municipality, located on the northern coast of Norway, above the Arctic Circle, about 140 miles south of Tromsø.
-** [[Reine]]
-** [[Saint Malo, Louisiana|Saint Malo]]
+** [[Saint Malo, Louisiana|Saint Malo]] &ndash;  Saint Malo was a small fishing village that existed in St.
-** [[Sa Riera]]
+** [[Sa Riera]] &ndash;
+** [[Saint-Jean-de-Luz]] &ndash; Saint-Jean-de-Luz  is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
-** [[Saint-Jean-de-Luz]]
+** [[Sayulita]] &ndash; Sayulita is a village about 25 miles north of downtown Puerto Vallarta in the state of Nayarit, Mexico, with a population of approximately 4,000.
-** [[Sayulita]]
-** [[Sigri (village)|Sigri]]
+** [[Sigri (village)|Sigri]] &ndash; Sigri is a small fishing village near the western tip of Lesbos Island.
+** [[Staithes]] &ndash; Staithes is a seaside village in North Yorkshire, England.
-** [[Staithes]]
-** [[Steveston, British Columbia|Steveston]]
+** [[Steveston, British Columbia|Steveston]] &ndash; Steveston was originally a small town near Vancouver, British Columbia, but has since been absorbed into the city of Richmond, British Columbia.
+** [[Súðavík]] &ndash; Súðavík is a village and municipality  and a fishing village on the west coast of Álftarfjörður in Vestfirðir, Iceland .
-** [[Súðavík]]
+** [[Suðureyri]] &ndash; Suðureyri is a small Icelandic fishing village perched on the tip of the 13&nbsp;km-long Súgandafjörður in the Westfjords.
-** [[Suðureyri]]
+** [[Tai O]] &ndash; Tai O  is a fishing town, partly located on an island of the same name, on the western side of Lantau Island in Hong Kong.
-** [[Tai O]]
-** [[Tilting, Newfoundland and Labrador|Tilting]]
+** [[Tilting, Newfoundland and Labrador|Tilting]] &ndash; Tilting is a town on the eastern end of Fogo Island off the northeast coast of Newfoundland.
+** [[Udappu]] &ndash;  Udappu or Udappuwa  is a traditional Tamil fishing and shrimp farming village.
-** [[Udappu]]
+** [[Vernazza]] &ndash; Vernazza is a town and ''comune'' located in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northwestern Italy.
-** [[Vernazza]]
+** [[Walraversijde]] &ndash; Walraversijde is an abandoned medieval fishing village on the Belgian coast, near Ostend.
-** [[Walraversijde]]
+** [[Zumaia]] &ndash; Zumaia  is a small town in the north of Spain in the Basque Country.
-** [[Zumaia]]
-** [[:Category:Fishing villages|more...]]
 ==== Historic fishing communities ====
-* [[Community supported fishery]]
+* [[Community supported fishery]] &ndash; A community supported fishery  is a shore-side community of people collaborating with the local fishing community.
+* [[Atlit Yam]] &ndash; Atlit Yam is an ancient submerged Neolithic village off the coast of Atlit, Israel.
-* [[Atlit Yam]]
+* [[Halong Bay]]  [[Ha Long Bay]]
-* [[Adan River#Fishing community|Bhoi]]
+* [[Lofoten]] &ndash; Lofoten  is an archipelago and a traditional district in the county of Nordland, Norway.
-* [[Halong Bay]]
+* [[Makassan contact with Australia|Macassan]]
-* [[Lofoten]]
+* [[Newfoundland outport]]s  &ndash;
-* [[Macassan contact with Australia|Macassan]]
+* [[Sørvágur]] &ndash; Sørvágur is a village on the island of Vágoy in the Faroe Islands.
-* [[Newfoundland outport]]s
+* [[Tlingit cuisine|Tlingit]]
-* [[Culture of Póvoa de Varzim|Póvoa de Varzim]]
-* [[Sørvágur]]
+* [[Uru people]]
+* [[Vezo people|Vezo]] &ndash;  The Vezo is the term the semi-nomadic coastal people of southern Madagascar use to refer to people that have become accustomed to live from sea fishing. <ref>Chelonia Mydas</ref>     The Vezo speak a dialect of the Malagasy language, which is a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language group derived from the Barito languages, spoken in southern Borneo.  <ref name="Rita Astuti">Rita Astuti</ref>
-* [[Food of the Tlingit|Tlingit]]
-* [[Uros]]
-* [[Vezo people|Vezo]]
-* [[:Category:Fishing communities|more...]]
 == Aquatic ecosystems ==
-[[Aquatic ecosystem|general]]
-[[Freshwater biology|freshwater]] components
-[[Marine ecosystem|marine]]
 === Aquatic ecosystems - General ===
+* [[Aquatic ecosystem]]s
+* [[Acoustic ecology]] &ndash;  Acoustic ecology, sometimes called ecoacoustics or soundscape studies, is the relationship, mediated through sound, between living beings and their environment. <ref name="WFAE">{{cite web |title=World Forum for Acoustic Ecology |url=http://interact.uoregon.edu/MediaLit/WFAE/home/ |accessdate=2008-12-17| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081211035644/http://interact.uoregon.edu/MediaLit/wfae/home/| archivedate= 11 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>    Acoustic ecology studies started in the late 1960s with R.
-* [[Aquatic ecosystem]]s
+* [[Algal bloom]] &ndash; An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae  in an aquatic system.
-* [[Acoustic ecology]]
+* [[Anoxic waters]] &ndash; Anoxic waters are areas of sea water or fresh water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen.
-* [[Agent-based model in biology#Aquatic population dynamics|Agent-based models]]
+* [[Aquatic adaptation]] &ndash; Several animal groups have undergone aquatic adaptation, going from being purely terrestrial animals to living at least part of the time in water.
-* [[Algal bloom]]
-* [[Anoxic waters]]
+* [[Aquatic animal]]s
+* [[Aquatic biodiversity research]] &ndash; Aquatic biodiversity research is the field of scientific research studying marine and freshwater biological diversity
-* [[Aquatic adaptation]]
+* [[Aquatic biomonitoring]] &ndash; Aquatic biomonitoring is the science of inferring the ecological condition of rivers, lakes, streams, and wetlands by examining the organisms that live there.
-* [[Aquatic animal]]s
+* [[Aquatic insects]] &ndash; Aquatic insects live some portion of their life cycle in the water.
-* [[Aquatic biodiversity research]]
+* [[Pelagic zone|Aquatic layers]] &ndash; Any water in a sea or lake that is not close to the bottom or near to the shore can be said to be in the pelagic zone.
-* [[Aquatic biomonitoring]]
-* [[Aquatic insects]]
+* [[Aquatic plant]]s  [[Aquatic plant]]
+* [[Aquatic predation]] &ndash;  Aquatic predation presents a special difficulty as compared to predation on land, because the density of water is about the same as that of the prey, so that the prey tends to be pushed away.
-* [[Pelagic zone|Aquatic layers]]
+* [[Aquatic respiration]] &ndash; Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic animal obtains oxygen from water.
-* [[Aquatic mammal]]s
+* [[Aquatic science]] &ndash; Aquatic Science is the multidisciplinary study of aquatic systems, encompassing both freshwater and marine systems.
-* [[Aquatic plant]]s
+* [[Aquatic toxicology]] &ndash;  Aquatic toxicology is the study of the effects of manufactured chemicals and other anthropogenic and natural materials and activities on aquatic organisms at various levels of organization, from subcellular through individual organisms to communities and ecosystems.
-* [[Aquatic predation]]
+* [[Benthos]] &ndash; Benthos refers to species living in or on the ocean bottom and represent the greatest proportion of marine species.
-* [[Aquatic respiration]]
+* [[Bioluminescence]] &ndash;  Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism.  <ref name="pmid6358519">{{cite journal | author = Hastings JW | title = Biological diversity, chemical mechanisms, and the evolutionary origins of bioluminescent systems | journal = J. Mol. Evol. | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | pages = 309–21 | year = 1983 | pmid = 6358519 | doi = 10.1007/BF02101634 | url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/nx16v26410u02386/| issn = 1432-1432}}</ref>
-* [[Aquatic science]]
+* [[Biomass (ecology)|Biomass]] &ndash;  Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.
-* [[Aquatic toxicology]]
+* [[Cascade effect (ecology)|Cascade effect]] &ndash;  An ecological cascade effect is a series of secondary extinctions that is triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem.  <ref>Leigh, E.G., S.J. Wright, E.A. Herre, and F.E. Putz. 1993. The decline of tree diversity on newly isolated tropical islands: A test of a null hypothesis and the implications. ''Evol. Ecol.'' 7:76-102.</ref> <ref>Dirzo, R. and A. Miranda. 1991. Altered patterns of herbivory and diversity in the forest understory: A case study of the possible defaunation. In P.W. Price, T.M. Liwinsohn, G.W. Fernandes, and W.W. Benson (eds.), ''Plant-animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions'', pp. 273-287. Wiley, NY.</ref>
-* [[Benthos]]
+* [[Colored dissolved organic matter]] &ndash; Colored dissolved organic matter  is the optically measurable component of the dissolved organic matter in water.
-* [[Bioluminescence]]
+* [[Dead zone (ecology)|Dead zone]] &ndash; Dead zones are hypoxic  areas in the world's oceans, the observed incidences of which have been increasing since oceanographers began noting them in the 1970s.
-* [[Biomass (ecology)|Biomass]]
+* [[Ecohydrology]] &ndash; Ecohydrology "; , ''hydōr'', "water"; and , ''-logia'') is an interdisciplinary field studying the interactions between water and ecosystems.
-* [[Cascade effect (ecology)|Cascade effect]]
+* [[Eutrophication]] &ndash;  Eutrophication  or more precisely hypertrophication, is the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage, to an aquatic system.
-* [[Colored dissolved organic matter]]
+* [[Fisheries science]] &ndash; Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries.
-* [[Dead zone (ecology)|Dead zone]]
+* [[Food chain]] &ndash;  A food chain is somewhat  a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from a trophic species that eats no other species in the web and ends at a trophic species that is eaten by no other species in the web.  <ref name="Post00">{{cite journal | last1=Post | first1=D. M. | last2=Pace | first2=M. L. | last3=Haristis | first3=A. M. | title=Parasites dominate food web links | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume=103 | issue=30 | year=2--6 | pages=11211–11216 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0604755103 | url=http://www.pnas.org/content/103/30/11211.full.pdf+html}}</ref>
-* [[Ecohydrology]]
+* [[Food web]] &ndash; A food web  depicts feeding connections  in an ecological community.
-* [[Eutrophication]]
+* [[Hydrobiology]] &ndash; Hydrobiology is the science of life and life processes in water.
-* [[Fisheries science]]
+* [[Hypoxia (environmental)|Hypoxia]] &ndash; Hypoxia, or oxygen depletion, is a phenomenon that occurs in aquatic environments as dissolved oxygen  becomes reduced in concentration to a point where it becomes detrimental to aquatic organisms living in the system.
-* [[Food chain]]
+* [[Microbial ecology]] &ndash;  Microbial ecology is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment.
-* [[Food web]]
+* [[Microbial food web]] &ndash; The microbial food web refers the combined trophic interactions among microbes in aquatic environments.
-* [[GIS and aquatic science]]
+* [[Microbial loop]] &ndash; The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway in the marine microbial food web where dissolved organic carbon  is returned to higher trophic levels via the incorporation into bacterial biomass, and coupled with the classic food chain formed by phytoplankton-zooplankton-nekton.
-* [[Hydrobiology]]
+* [[Nekton]] &ndash; Nekton refers to the aggregate of actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water  able to move independently of water currents.
-* [[Hypoxia (environmental)|Hypoxia]]
+* [[Neuston]] &ndash;  Neuston is the collective term for the organisms that float on the top of water  or live right under the surface .
-* [[Isotope analysis#Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems|Isotope analysis]]
+* [[Particle (ecology)|Particle]] &ndash; In marine and freshwater ecology, a particle is a small object.
-* [[Microbial ecology]]
+* [[Photic zone]] &ndash; The photic zone or euphotic zone  is the depth of the water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur.
-* [[Microbial food web]]
+* [[Phytoplankton]] &ndash;  Phytoplankton  are the autotrophic component of the plankton community.
-* [[Microbial loop]]
+* [[Plankton]] &ndash; Plankton  are any drifting organisms  that inhabit the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water.
-* [[Nekton]]
+* [[Productivity (ecology)|Productivity]] &ndash;  In ecology, productivity or production refers to the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem.
-* [[Neuston]]
+* [[Ramsar Convention]] &ndash;  The Ramsar Convention  is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands,
-* [[Particle (ecology)|Particle]]
+* [[Shoaling and schooling|Schooling]] &ndash;  In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling , and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling .
-* [[Photic zone]]
+* [[Sediment trap]] &ndash;  Sediment traps are instruments used in oceanography to measure the quantity of sinking particulate organic  material in aquatic systems, usually oceans.
-* [[Phytoplankton]]
+* [[Siltation]] &ndash; Siltation is the pollution of water by fine particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay.
-* [[Plankton]]
+* [[Spawn (biology)|Spawning]] &ndash; Spawn refers to the eggs and sperm released or deposited, usually into water, by aquatic animals.
-* [[Productivity (ecology)|Productivity]]
+* [[Substrate (marine biology)|Substrate]] &ndash; Stream substrate  is the material that rests at the bottom of a stream.
-* [[Ramsar Convention]]
+* [[Thermal pollution]] &ndash; Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.
-* [[Shoaling and schooling|Schooling]]
-* [[Sediment trap]]
+* [[Trophic level]] &ndash;
+* [[Underwater camouflage and mimicry]] &ndash;  Underwater camouflage and mimicry is a technique of crypsis—avoidance of observation—that allows an otherwise visible aquatic organism to remain indiscernible from the surrounding environment, or pretend to be something else by mimicking another organism or object.
-* [[Siltation]]
+* [[Water column]] &ndash;  A water column is a conceptual column of water from surface to bottom sediments.
-* [[Spawn (biology)|Spawning]]
+* [[Zooplankton]] &ndash;  Zooplankton  are heterotrophic  plankton.
-* [[Substrate (marine biology)|Substrate]]
-* [[Thermal pollution]]
-* [[Trophic level]]
-* [[Underwater camouflage and mimicry]]
-* [[Water column]]
-* [[Zooplankton]]
 === Fresh water ecosystems ===
+* [[Freshwater ecosystem]]s
+* [[Brackish marsh]] &ndash;  Brackish marshes develop by salt marshes where a significant freshwater influx dilute the seawater to brackish levels of salinity.
-* [[Freshwater ecosystem]]s
+* [[Freshwater biology]] &ndash;  Freshwater biology is the scientific biological study of freshwater ecosystems and is a branch of Limnology.
-* [[Brackish marsh]]
-* [[Freshwater biology]]
+* [[Freshwater biome]]s  &ndash;
+* [[Freshwater fish]] &ndash; Freshwater fish are fish that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%.
-* [[Freshwater biome]]s
+* [[Freshwater  marsh]] &ndash;  A freshwater marsh is a marsh that contains fresh water.
-* [[Freshwater fish]]
-* [[Freshwater  marsh]]
+* [[Freshwater swamp forest]] &ndash;  Freshwater swamp forests, or flooded forests,
+* [[Hyporheic zone]] &ndash; The hyporheic zone is a region beneath and alongside a stream bed, where there is mixing of shallow groundwater and surface water.
-* [[Freshwater swamp forest]]
-* [[Hyporheic zone]]
+* [[Lake ecosystem]]s
+* [[Landscape limnology]] &ndash; Landscape limnology is the spatially explicit study of lakes, streams, and wetlands as they interact with the freshwater, terrestrial, and human landscapes to determine the effects of pattern on ecosystem processes across temporal and spatial scales.
-* [[Lake ecosystem]]s
+* [[Limnology]] &ndash;  Limnology , also called freshwater science, is the study of inland waters.
-* [[Landscape limnology]]
+* [[Lake stratification]] &ndash; Lake stratification is the separation of lakes into three layers:
-* [[Limnology]]
+* [[Macrophyte]] &ndash;  A macrophyte is an aquatic plant that grows in or near water and is either emergent, submergent, or floating.
-* [[Lake stratification]]
+* [[Pond]] &ndash;  A pond is a body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is usually smaller than a lake.  <ref>Keddy, P.A. (2010). Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. </ref>
-* [[Macrophyte]]
+* [[Fish pond]] &ndash; A fish pond, or fishpond, is a controlled pond, artificial lake, or reservoir that is stocked with fish and is used in aquaculture for fish farming, or is used for recreational fishing or for ornamental purposes.
-* [[Pond]]
+* [[Rheotaxis]] &ndash;   Rheotaxis is a form of taxis seen in  many aquatic organisms, e.g., fish, whereby they will  turn to face into an oncoming current.  <ref>[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=rheotaxis&btnG=Search Google Scholar Search].  Accessed March 30, 2009.</ref>
-* [[Fish pond]]
+* [[River ecosystem]]s  [[River ecosystem]]
-* [[Rheotaxis]]
+* [[Stream bed]] &ndash; A stream bed is the channel bottom of a stream, river or creek; the physical confine of the normal water flow.
-* [[River ecosystem]]s
+* [[Stream pool]] &ndash;  A stream pool, in hydrology, is a stretch of a river or stream in which the water depth is above average and the water velocity is quite below average.
-* [[Stream bed]]
+* [[Trophic state index]] &ndash; primary determinants of a body of water's trophic state index .
-* [[Stream pool]]
+* [[Upland and lowland (freshwater ecology)|Upland and lowland]] &ndash; In studies of the ecology of freshwater rivers, habitats are classified as upland and lowland.
-* [[Trophic state index]]
+* [[Water garden]] &ndash;
-* [[Upland and lowland (freshwater ecology)|Upland and lowland]]
+* [[Wetland]] &ndash;  A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on characteristics that distinguish it as a distinct ecosystem.
-* [[Water garden]]
+* [[Freshwater environmental quality parametersâ|Environmental quality]] &ndash; Freshwater environmental quality parameters  are the natural and man-made chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of rivers, lakes and ground-waters, the ways they are measured and the ways that they change.
-* [[Wetland]]
-* [[Freshwater environmental quality parameters‎|Environmental quality]]
-* [[:Category:Freshwater ecology|More...]]
 === Ecoregions ===
 * [[Ecoregion]]s
+* [[Geography and ecology of the Everglades|Ecology of the Everglades]] &ndash;  The geography and ecology of the Everglades involve the complex elements affecting the natural environment throughout the southern region of the U.S.
-* [[Ecoregion#Freshwater|Freshwater ecoregions]]
+* [[Freshwater ecology of Maharashtra]] &ndash; College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri
-* [[List of freshwater ecoregions (WWF)|List of freshwater ecoregions]]
-* [[Ecoregion#Marine|Marine ecoregions]]
-* [[List of marine ecoregions]]
-* [[Geography and ecology of the Everglades|Ecology of the Everglades]]
-* [[Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary]]
-* [[Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre]]
-* [[Freshwater ecology of Maharashtra]]
 === Marine ecosystem ===
-* [[Marine ecosystem]]
+* [[Marine ecosystem]] &ndash; Marine ecosystems are among the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems.
+* [[f-ratio]] &ndash;  In oceanic biogeochemistry, the f-ratio is the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate .
-* [[f-ratio]]
+* [[Iron fertilization]] &ndash;  Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom.
-* [[Iron fertilization]]
+* [[Iron Hypothesis]] &ndash;  The Iron Hypothesis was formulated by oceanographer John Martin, based on theories by Joseph Hart and first tested in 1993.
-* [[Iron Hypothesis]]
+* [[Large marine ecosystem]] &ndash; Large marine ecosystems  are regions of the world's oceans, encompassing coastal areas from river basins and estuaries to the seaward boundaries of continental shelves and the outer margins of the major ocean current systems.
-* [[Large marine ecosystem]]
+* [[Marine biology]] &ndash; Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water.
-* [[Marine biology]]
 * [[Marine chemistry]]
+* [[Marine snow]] &ndash; In the deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.
-* [[Marine snow]]
+* [[Ocean nourishment]] &ndash;  Ocean Nourishment is a type of geoengineering based on the purposeful introduction of nutrients to the upper ocean <ref>{{cite journal |author=Jones, I.S.F. & Young, H.E. |title=Engineering a large sustainable world fishery |journal=Environmental Conservation |volume=24 |issue= 2|pages=99–104 |year=1997 |doi=10.1017/S0376892997000167}}</ref>    to increase marine food production <ref>{{cite journal |author=Coale KH, Johnson KS, Fitzwater SE, ''et al.'' |title=A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean |journal=Nature |volume=383 |issue=6600 |pages=495–501 |year=1996 |month=October |pmid=18680864 |doi=10.1038/383495a0 |bibcode=1996Natur.383..495C}}</ref>    and to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
-* [[Ocean nourishment]]
+* [[Ocean turbidity]] &ndash; Ocean turbidity is a measure of the amount of cloudiness or haziness in sea water caused by individual particles that are too small to be seen without magnification.
-* [[Oceanic physical-biological process]]
+* [[Photophore]] &ndash; A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods.
-* [[Ocean turbidity]]
+* [[Thorson's rule]] &ndash; Thorson's rule
-* [[Photophore]]
+* [[Upwelling]] &ndash;  Upwelling is  an oceanographic phenomenon that involves   wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water. <ref name="Mann">Mann, K.H., Lazier, J.R.N. (2006) "Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans." Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN 14505111186{{Please check ISBN|reason=Invalid length.}}</ref>
-* [[Thorson's rule]]
+* [[Whale fall]] &ndash;  A whale fall is a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor.
-* [[Upwelling]]
-* [[Whale fall]]
-* [[:Category:Marine biology|More...]]
 === Marine life ===
+* [[Census of Marine Life]] &ndash;  The Census of Marine Life was a global network of researchers in more than 80 nations engaged in a 10-year scientific initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans.
-* [[Marine life|Marinelife forms]]
+* [[Coastal fish]] &ndash;  Coastal fish, also called offshore fish or neritic fish, are fish that inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the edge of the continental shelf.
-* [[Census of Marine Life]]
+* [[Coral reef fish]] &ndash; Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs.
-* [[Coastal fish]]
+* [[Deep sea communities]] &ndash; Deep sea communities currently remain largely unexplored, due the technological and logististical challenges and expense involved in visiting these remote biomes.
-* [[Coral reef fish]]
+* [[Deep sea creature]] &ndash; The term deep sea creature refers to organisms that live below the photic zone of the ocean.
-* [[Deep sea communities]]
+* [[Deep sea fish]] &ndash; Deep-sea fish is a term for any fish that lives below the photic zone of the ocean.
-* [[Deep sea creature]]
+* [[Deep-water coral]] &ndash;  The habitat of deep-water corals, also known as cold-water corals, extends to deeper, darker parts of the oceans than tropical corals, ranging from near the surface to the abyss, beyond  where water temperatures may be as cold as 4°C.
-* [[Deep sea fish]]
+* [[Demersal fish]] &ndash;  Demersal fish live on or near the bottom of the sea or lakes.
-* [[Deep-water coral]]
+* [[Marine bacteriophage]] &ndash;  Marine bacteriophages or marine phages are viruses that live as obligate parasitic agents in marine bacteria such as cyanobacteria. <ref name=Mann /><ref name=Wommack1996>{{cite journal | last = Wommack | first = K. Eric | coauthors = Russell T. Hill, Terri A. Muller, and Rita R. Colwell | title = Effects of sunlight on bacteriophage viability and structure | journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology | volume = 62 | issue = 4 | pages = 1336–1341 | publisher = American Society for Microbiology | location = United States of America | date = April 1996 | accessdate = | pmid = 8919794 | pmc = 167899  }}</ref>     Their existence was discovered through electron microscopy and epifluorescence microscopy of ecological water samples, and later through metagenomic sampling of uncultured viral samples.
-* [[Demersal fish]]
+* [[Marine invertebrates]] &ndash; Marine invertebrates are  multicellular animals that inhabit a marine environment and are invertebrates, lacking a vertebral column.
-* [[Marine bacteriophage]]
+* [[Marine larval ecology]] &ndash; Marine larval ecology is the study of the factors influencing the dispersing larval stage which is exhibited by many marine invertebrates and fishes.
-* [[Marine invertebrates]]
+* [[Marine mammal]] &ndash;  Marine mammals, which include seals, whales, dolphins, and walruses, form a diverse group of 128 species that rely on the ocean for their existence. <ref name="jeff">Jefferson, T. A. , Webber, M. A. & Pitman, R. L. (2008) ''Marine Mammals of the World A Comprehensive Guide to their Identification'' London ; Burlington, MA: Academic  ISBN 978-0-12-383853-7 7-16</ref>    They do not represent a distinct biological grouping, but rather are unified by their reliance on the marine environment for feeding. <ref name=jeff/> Marine mammals can be subdivided into four recognised groups; [[cetaceans]] ([[whale]]s, [[dolphin]]s and [[porpoise]]s), [[pinniped]]s ([[Pinniped|seal]]s, [[sea lion]]s and [[walrus]]es), [[sirenian]]s ([[manatee]]s and [[dugong]]s), and [[fissiped]]s, which are the group of carnivores with separate digits (the [[polar bear]], and two species of [[otter]]). Both [[cetaceans]] and [[sirenians]] are fully aquatic and therefore are obligate ocean dwellers. [[Pinniped]]s are semi-aquatic; they spend the majority of their time in the water, but need to return to land for important activities such as [[mating]], [[breeding in the wild|breeding]] and [[molting]]. In contrast, both [[otter]]s and the [[polar bear]] are much less adapted to ocean living.<ref name=jeff/> While the number of marine mammals is small compared to those found on land, their total [[biomass]] is large. They play important roles in maintaining [[marine ecosystem]]s, especially through regulation of prey populations.<ref name="kasc">Kaschner, K., Tittensor, D. P., Ready, J., Gerrodette, T. & Worm, B. (2011) “Current and Future Patterns of Global Marine Mammal Biodiversity” ''PLoS ONE'' 6(5): 19653 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019653</ref>    The level of dependence on the marine environment for existence varies considerably with species.  <ref name="ship">Shipper, J. , Chanson, J. S. & Chiozza, F. et al (2008) “The Status of the World’s Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge” ''Science'' 322: 225-230 doi: 10.1126/science.1165115</ref>
-* [[Marine larval ecology]]
+* [[Marine reptile]] &ndash; Marine reptiles are reptiles which have become secondarily adapted for an aquatic or semi-aquatic life in a marine environment.
-* [[Marine mammal]]
+* [[Marine vertebrate]] &ndash; Marine vertebrates are vertebrates which live in a marine environment.
-* [[Marine reptile]]
+* [[Paradox of the plankton]] &ndash; In aquatic biology, the paradox of the plankton is the name given to the situation where a limited range of resources  supports a much wider range of planktonic organisms.
-* [[Marine vertebrate]]
+* [[Pelagic fish]] &ndash;  Pelagic fish live near the surface or in the water column of coastal, ocean and lake waters, but not on the bottom of the sea or the lake.
-* [[Paradox of the plankton]]
+* [[Seabird]] &ndash; Seabirds   are birds that have adapted to life within the marine environment.
-* [[Pelagic fish]]
+* [[Seashore wildlife]] &ndash; Seashore wildlife Habitats exist from the Tropics to the Arctic and Antarctic.
-* [[Seabird]]
+* [[Wild fisheries]] &ndash; A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial value. Fisheries can be marine  or freshwater. They can also be wild or farmed.
-* [[Seashore wildlife]]
-* [[Wild fisheries]]
 === Marine habitats ===
-*  [[Marine habitats|Marine<br />habitats]]
+*  [[Marine habitats|Marine<br />habitats]] &ndash;  The sedimentologist Francis Shepard classified coasts as ''primary'' or ''secondary''.
+* [[Bay mud]] &ndash; Bay mud consists of thick deposits of soft, unconsolidated silty clay, which is saturated with water; these soil layers are situated at the bottom of certain estuaries, which are normally in temperate regions that have experienced cyclical glacial cycles.
+* [[Black smoker]]s  [[Hydrothermal vent]]
-* [[Bay mud]]
+* [[Estuary|Estuaries]] &ndash;  An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
-* [[Black smoker]]s
+* [[Intertidal ecology]] &ndash; Intertidal ecology is the study of intertidal ecosystems, where organisms live between the low and high tide lines.
-* [[Coastal biogeomorphology]]
-* [[Cold seep]]s
+* [[Intertidal wetland]]s  &ndash;
-* [[Coral reef]]s
+* [[Kelp forest]]s
+* [[Lagoon]]s
-* [[Davidson Seamount#Ecology|Davidson Seamount]]
-* [[Estuary|Estuaries]]
+* [[Biome#Marine biomes]]
+* [[Marine habitats]] &ndash;  The sedimentologist Francis Shepard classified coasts as ''primary'' or ''secondary''.
-* [[Intertidal ecology]]
-* [[Intertidal wetland]]s
-* [[Kelp forest]]s
-* [[Hydrothermal vent]]s
-* [[Lagoon]]s
-* [[Mangrove]]s
-* [[Marine biomes]]
-* [[Marine habitats]]
 * [[Mudflat]]s
-* [[Rocky shore]]s
+* [[Rocky shore]]s  &ndash;
 * [[Salt marsh]]es
+* [[Seagrass|Seagrass meadow]]s &ndash; Seagrasses are flowering plants from one of four plant families , all in the order Alismatales , which grow in marine, fully saline environments.
-* [[Seagrass|Seagrass meadow]]s
-* [[Sponge reef]]s
+* [[Sponge reef]]s  &ndash;
 * [[Tide pool]]s
 === Issues ===
+* [[Ecological values of mangrove]] &ndash; Mangrove ecosystems represent natural capital capable of producing a wide range of goods and services for coastal environments and communities and society as a whole.
+* [[Fisheries and climate change]] &ndash; * Brander, Keith  [http://www.imber.info/index.php/content/download/875/4252/file/Brander_2010.pdf "Impacts of climate change on fisheries"] ''Journal of Marine Systems'', 79: 389–402.
-* [[Ecological values of mangrove]]
+* [[Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas|HERMIONE]] &ndash;  Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas, or HERMIONE, is an international multidisciplinary project, started in April 2009, that studies deep-sea ecosystems. <ref name=weaver1>Weaver et al. (2009). [http://www.eu-hermione.net/images/content/documents/publications/weaver_etal_2009.pdf "The future of integrated deep-sea research in Europe: The HERMIONE project".] ''Oceanography'' 22 (1), March 2009.</ref>    <ref name=schloesser1>Schloesser, Manfred (2009). [http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/geowissenschaften/european_deep_sea_research_climate_deep_sea_141988.html European deep-sea research: Climate changes and deep-sea ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.] ''Innovations Report'' (website).</ref>     HERMIONE scientists study the distribution of hotspot ecosystems, how they function and how they interconnect, partially in the context of how these ecosystems are being affected by climate change <ref name=hermes>[http://www.eu-hermes.net/ '''HERMES''' website, http://www.eu-hermes.net/]</ref>    and impacted by humans through fishing, resource extraction, seabed installations and pollution.
-* [[Fisheries and climate change]]
+* [[Marine conservation]] &ndash; Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.
-* [[Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas|HERMIONE]]
+* [[Marine conservation activism]] &ndash; Marine conservation activism refers to the efforts of non-governmental organizations and individuals to bring about social and political change in the area of marine conservation.
-* [[Marine conservation]]
+* [[Marine pollution]] &ndash; Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful effects, can result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms.
-* [[Marine conservation activism]]
-* [[Marine pollution]]
 * [[Marine Protected Area]]
 === Other environemntal concerns regarding fishing ===
-* [[Environmental effects of fishing]]
+* [[Environmental impact of fishing]]
+* [[Overfishing]] &ndash; Overfishing is the act whereby fish stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels, regardless of water body size.
-* [[Overfishing]]
+** [[Fishing down the food web]] &ndash;  Fishing down the food web is the process whereby fisheries in a given ecosystem, "having depleted the large predatory fish on top of the food web, turn to increasingly smaller species, finally ending up with previously spurned small fish and invertebrates."
-** [[Fishing down the food web]]
-* [[Population dynamics of fisheries]]
+* [[Population dynamics of fisheries]] &ndash; * Birth rate or recruitment.
+* [[Sustainable seafood]] &ndash; Sustainable seafood is seafood from either fished or farmed sources that can maintain or increase production in the future without jeopardizing the ecosystems from which it was acquired.
-* [[Sustainable seafood]]
+* [[Tragedy of the commons]] &ndash;  The tragedy of the commons is a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource, even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen.
-* [[Tragedy of the commons]]
+* [[Marine conservation]] &ndash; Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.
-* [[Marine conservation]]
+** [[Marine conservation activism]] &ndash; Marine conservation activism refers to the efforts of non-governmental organizations and individuals to bring about social and political change in the area of marine conservation.
-** [[Marine conservation activism]]
+* [[Marine debris]] &ndash;  Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human created waste that has deliberately or accidentally become afloat in a lake, sea, ocean or waterway.
-* [[Marine debris]]
+* [[Marine pollution]] &ndash; Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful effects, can result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms.
-* [[Marine pollution]]
 * [[Marine Protected Area]]
+* [[Marine Stewardship Council]] &ndash;  The Marine Stewardship Council  is an independent non-profit organization which sets a standard for sustainable fishing.
-* [[Marine Stewardship Council]]
 == Fisheries ==
-{{Main|Outline of fisheries}}
 === Fisheries science and wild fisheries ===
+* [[Fisheries science]] &ndash; Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries.
-* [[Fisheries science]]
+* [[Wild fisheries]] &ndash; A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial value. Fisheries can be marine  or freshwater. They can also be wild or farmed.
-* [[Wild fisheries]]
 ==== Fisheries science ====
-* [[Population dynamics of fisheries]]
+* [[Population dynamics of fisheries]] &ndash;
+* [[Shifting baseline]] &ndash; Shifting baseline  is a term used to describe the way significant changes to a system are measured against previous reference points , which themselves may represent significant changes from the original state of the system.
-* [[Shifting baseline]]
+* [[Fish stock]] &ndash; Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of fish, for which intrinsic  parameters  are the only significant factors in determining population dynamics, while extrinsic factors  are considered to be insignificant.
-* [[Fish stock]]
+* [[Fish mortality]] &ndash; Fish mortality is a term widely used in fisheries science that denotes the loss of fish from a stock through death.
-* [[Fish mortality]]
+* [[Condition index]] &ndash; The condition index in fish is a way to measure the overall health of a fish by comparing its weight with the typical weight of other fish of the same kind and of the same length.
-* [[Condition index]]
+* [[Stock assessment]] &ndash; Stock assessments provide fisheries managers with the information that is used in the regulation of a fish stock.
-* [[Stock assessment]]
+* [[Fish measurement]] &ndash; Fish measurement is the measuring of the length of individual fish and of various parts of their anatomy.
-* [[Fish measurement]]
+* [[Fish counter]] &ndash; Automatic fish counters are automatic devices for measuring the number of fish passing along a particular river in a particular period of time.
-* [[Fish counter]]
+* [[Data storage tag]] &ndash; A data storage tag , also sometimes known as an archival tag, is a data logger that uses sensors to record data at predetermined intervals.
-* [[Data storage tag]]
+* [[Catch per unit effort]] &ndash;  In fisheries and conservation biology, the catch per unit effort  is an indirect measure of the abundance of a target species.
-* [[Catch per unit effort]]
+* [[Otolith microchemical analysis]] &ndash; Otolith microchemical analysis is a technique used in fisheries management and fisheries biology to delineate stocks and characterize movements, and natal origin of fish.
-* [[Otolith microchemical analysis]]
-* [[Biomass (ecology)|Biomass]]
+* [[Biomass (ecology)|Biomass]] &ndash;  Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.
+* [[Fisheries acoustics]] &ndash; Fisheries acoustics includes a range of research and practical application topics using acoustical devices as sensors in aquatic environments.
-* [[Fisheries acoustics]]
+* [[Acoustic tag]] &ndash; An acoustic tag is a small sound-emitting device that allows the detection and/or remote tracking of fish in three dimensions.
-* [[Acoustic tag]]
+* [[EcoSCOPE]] &ndash; The ecoSCOPE is an optical sensor system, deployed from a small remotely operated vehicle  or fibre optic cable, to investigate behavior and microdistribution of small organisms in the ocean.
-* [[GIS and aquatic science]]
+* [[Age class structure]] &ndash; Age class structure in fisheries and wildlife management is a part of population assessment.
-* [[EcoSCOPE]]
+* [[Trophic level]] &ndash;
-* [[Age class structure]]
-* [[Trophic level]]
+* [[Trophic cascade]]s  &ndash;
+* [[Match/mismatch|Match/mismatch hypothesis]] &ndash; The match/mismatch hypothesis  was first described by David Cushing .
-* [[Trophic cascade]]s
+* [[Fisheries and climate change]] &ndash; * Brander, Keith  [http://www.imber.info/index.php/content/download/875/4252/file/Brander_2010.pdf "Impacts of climate change on fisheries"] ''Journal of Marine Systems'', 79: 389–402.
-* [[Match/mismatch|Match/mismatch hypothesis]]
+* [[Marine biology]] &ndash; Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water.
-* [[Fisheries and climate change]]
+* [[Aquatic ecosystem]]s  [[Aquatic ecosystem]]
-* [[Marine biology]]
+* [[Bioeconomics (fisheries)|Bioeconomics]] &ndash;  Bioeconomics is closely related to the early development of theories in fisheries economics, initially in the mid 1950s by Canadian economists Scott Gordon  <ref>Schaefer MB (1957) "Some considerations of population dynamics and economics in relation to the management of marine fishes" ''Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada'', '''14''': 669–81.</ref>    and Anthony Scott . Their ideas used recent achievements in biological fisheries modelling, primarily the works by Schaefer  on establishing a formal relationship between fishing activities and biological growth through mathematical modelling confirmed by empirical studies, and also relates itself to ecology and the environment and resource protection.
-* [[Aquatic ecosystem]]s
+* [[EconMult]] &ndash; EconMult is a general fleet model to be used in fisheries modelling.
-* [[Bioeconomics (fisheries)|Bioeconomics]]
+* [[Ecopath]] &ndash; Ecopath with Ecosim  is a free ecosystem modelling software suite, initially started at NOAA by Jeffrey Polovina, but has since primarily been developed at the Fisheries Centre of the University of British Columbia.
-* [[EconMult]]
+* [[FishBase]] &ndash;  FishBase is a comprehensive database of information about fish species . <ref name=Pew>[http://www.pewenvironment.org/research-programs/marine-fellow/id/8589941905 Marine Fellow: Rainer Froese] ''Pew Environment Group''.</ref>    It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web. <ref>Stergiou KI and Tsikliras AC (2006) [http://ichthyology.bio.auth.gr/files/tsikliras/d/d3.pdf Scientific impact of FishBase: A citation analysis] In: Palomares MLD, Stergiou KI and Pauly D (eds.), ''Fishes in Databases and Ecosystems''. ''[[Fisheries Centre]]'', Research reports '''14'''(4): 2–6.</ref>    Over time it has "evolved into a dynamic and versatile ecological tool", widely cited in scholarly publications. <ref>[http://www.fishbase.org/Collaborators/CollaboratorSummary.php?ID=7 References Citing FishBase] FishBase. Last modified 5 July 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2011.</ref>
-* [[Ecopath]]
+* [[Census of Marine Life]] &ndash;  The Census of Marine Life was a global network of researchers in more than 80 nations engaged in a 10-year scientific initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans.
-* [[FishBase]]
+* [[Ocean Surface Topography Mission|OSTM]] &ndash;  The Ocean Surface Topography Mission  on the Jason-2 satellite <ref>{{cite web | url = http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/topex.html | title = Ocean Surface Topography from Space | publisher = NASA/JPL}}</ref>    is an international Earth observation satellite mission that continues the sea surface height measurements begun in 1992 by the joint NASA/CNES TOPEX/Poseidon mission <ref>{{cite web | url = http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/jason-1.html |  title =Ocean Surface Topography from Space | publisher = NASA/JPL}}</ref>    and followed by the NASA/CNES Jason-1 mission launched in 2001.
-* [[Census of Marine Life]]
-* [[Ocean Surface Topography Mission|OSTM]]
-* [[:Category:Fisheries databases|Fisheries databases]]
-* [[:Category:Fisheries and aquaculture research institutes|Institutes]]
-* [[Fisheries science#Notable contributors|Fisheries scientists]]
 ==== Wild fisheries ====
-* [[Ocean fisheries]]
+* [[Ocean fisheries]] &ndash;
-* [[Diversity of fish]]
+* [[Diversity of fish]] &ndash;  Fish are very diverse and are categorized in many ways.
+* [[Coastal fish]] &ndash;  Coastal fish, also called offshore fish or neritic fish, are fish that inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the edge of the continental shelf.
-* [[Coastal fish]]
+* [[Coral reef fish]] &ndash; Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs.
-* [[Coral reef fish]]
-* [[Demersal fish]]
+* [[Demersal fish]] &ndash;  Demersal fish live on or near the bottom of the sea or lakes.
+* [[Forage fish]] &ndash; Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish which are preyed on by larger predators for food.
-* [[Forage fish]]
+* [[Pelagic fish]] &ndash;  Pelagic fish live near the surface or in the water column of coastal, ocean and lake waters, but not on the bottom of the sea or the lake.
-* [[Pelagic fish]]
-* [[Cod fisheries]]
+* [[Cod fisheries]] &ndash; Cod fisheries are fisheries for cod.
-* [[Crab fisheries]]
+* [[Crab fisheries]] &ndash;  Crab fisheries are fisheries which capture or farm crabs.
+* [[Eel life history|Eel fisheries]] &ndash;  The spawning area of the Japanese eel, ''Anguilla japonica'', has also been precisely located to be to the west of the Suruga seamount
-* [[Eel life history|Eel fisheries]]
-* [[Krill fishery|Krill fisheries]]
+* [[Krill fishery|Krill fisheries]] &ndash;  The krill fishery is the commercial fishery of krill, small shrimp-like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide.
+* [[Lobster fishing|Lobster fisheries]] &ndash; Lobster fishing, sometimes called lobstering, is the commercial or recreational harvesting of marine lobsters, spiny lobsters or crayfish.
-* [[Kelp#Kelp in history and culture|Kelp fisheries]]
-* [[Lobster fishing|Lobster fisheries]]
+* [[Shrimp and prawn fishery|Shrimp and prawn fisheries]] &ndash;
+* [[Eel ladder]] &ndash; An eel ladder is type of fish ladder designed to help eels swim past barriers, such as dams and weirs or even natural barriers, to reach upriver feeding grounds.
-* [[Shrimp and prawn fishery|Shrimp and prawn fisheries]]
+* [[Fish ladder]] &ndash;  A fish ladder, also known as a fishway, fish pass or fish steps, is a structure on or around artificial barriers  to facilitate diadromous fishes' natural migration.
-* [[Eel ladder]]
+* [[Fish screen]] &ndash; A fish screen is designed to prevent fish from swimming or being drawn into an aqueduct, cooling water intake, dam or other diversion on a river, lake or waterway where water is taken for human use.
-* [[Fish ladder]]
+* [[Fish migration|Migration]] &ndash; Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres.
-* [[Fish screen]]
+* [[Salmon run]] &ndash; The salmon run is the time when salmon, which have migrated from the ocean, swim to the upper reaches of rivers where they spawn on gravel beds.
-* [[Fish migration|Migration]]
+* [[Sardine run]] &ndash; The sardine run of southern Africa occurs from May through July when billions of sardines – or more specifically the Southern African pilchard ''Sardinops sagax'' – spawn in the cool waters of the Agulhas Bank and move northward along the east coast of South Africa.
-* [[Salmon run]]
+* [[Shoaling and schooling]] &ndash;  In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling , and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling .
-* [[Sardine run]]
+* [[Marine habitats]] &ndash;  The sedimentologist Francis Shepard classified coasts as ''primary'' or ''secondary''.
-* [[Shoaling and schooling]]
+* [[Marine snow]] &ndash; In the deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.
-* [[Marine habitats]]
+* [[Water column]] &ndash;  A water column is a conceptual column of water from surface to bottom sediments.
-* [[Marine snow]]
+* [[Upwelling]] &ndash;  Upwelling is  an oceanographic phenomenon that involves   wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.<ref name="Mann">Mann, K.H., Lazier, J.R.N. (2006) "Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans." Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN 14505111186{{Please check ISBN|reason=Invalid length.}}</ref>
-* [[Water column]]
+* [[Humboldt Current|Humboldt current]] &ndash; The Humboldt Current , also known as the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north-westward along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile to northern Peru.
-* [[Upwelling]]
+* [[Algal bloom]]s [[algal bloom]]
-* [[Humboldt Current|Humboldt current]]
+* [[Dead zone (ecology)|Dead zones]] &ndash; Dead zones are hypoxic  areas in the world's oceans, the observed incidences of which have been increasing since oceanographers began noting them in the 1970s.
-* [[Algal bloom]]s
+* [[Fish kill]] &ndash;  The term fish kill, known also as fish die-off and  as fish mortality, is a localized die-off of fish populations which may also be associated with more generalised mortality of aquatic life. <ref name="autogenerated2005">University of Florida. Gainesville, FL (2005). [http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/fiskil.html "Fish kill."] ''Plant Management in Florida's Waters.''</ref>    <ref>Noga, Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2010, John Wiley and Sons ISBN 0-8138-0697-6, p. 316</ref>    The most common cause is reduced oxygen in the water, which in turn may be due to factors such as drought, algae bloom, overpopulation, or a sustained increase in water temperature.
-* [[Dead zone (ecology)|Dead zones]]
-* [[Fish kill]]
 === Fisheries Management ===
+* [[Fisheries management]] &ndash;  Fisheries management draws on fisheries science in order to find ways to protect fishery resources so sustainable exploitation is possible.
-* [[Fisheries management]]
-* [[Sustainable fisheries|sustainability]]
+* [[Sustainable fishery|sustainability]]
-* [[Marine conservation|conservation]]
+* [[Marine conservation|conservation]] &ndash; Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.
 ==== Fisheries Management ====
+* [[Monitoring control and surveillance]] &ndash;  Monitoring, control and surveillance , in the context of fisheries, is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization  of the United Nations as a broadening of traditional enforcing national rules over fishing, to the support of the broader problem of fisheries management
-* [[Monitoring control and surveillance]]
+* [[Vessel monitoring system]] &ndash; Vessel monitoring systems  are used in commercial fishing to allow environmental and fisheries regulatory organizations to monitor, minimally, the position, time at a position, and course and speed of fishing vessels.
-* [[Vessel monitoring system]]
+* [[Fishery Resources Monitoring System]] &ndash; The Fishery Resources Monitoring System  is a partnership of intergovernmental fisheries organizations that share a wide range of high-quality information on the global monitoring and management of marine fishery resources.
-* [[Fishery Resources Monitoring System]]
+* [[Fisheries observer]] &ndash; A fisheries observer is an independent specialist who serves on board commercial fishing vessels, or in fish processing plants and other platforms, and is employed by a fisheries observer program, either directly by a government agency or by a third party contractor.
-* [[Catch reporting]]
+* [[Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing]] &ndash; Illegal fishing takes place where vessels operate in violation of the laws of a fishery.
-* [[Fisheries observer]]
+* [[Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act|Magnuson–Stevens Act]] &ndash;
-* [[Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing]]
-* [[Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act|Magnuson–Stevens Act]]
 ===== Quotas =====
+* [[Catch share]] &ndash;  Catch share is a term used for fishery management systems that dedicate a secure privilege to harvest a specific area or percentage of a fishery’s total allowable catch to individuals, communities or associations.
-* [[Catch share]]
+* [[Individual fishing quota]] &ndash;  Individual fishing quotas  also known as "individual transferable quotas" are one kind of ''catch share'', a means by which many governments regulate fishing.  <ref>[http://www.ngaitahu-seafood.com/quota.html ''Quota Management.'']</ref>
-* [[Individual fishing quota]]
+* [[Minimum landing size]] &ndash;  The minimum landing size  is the smallest length at which it is legal to keep or sell a fish.
-* [[Minimum landing size]]
+* [[Bycatch]] &ndash; The term “bycatch” is usually used for fish caught unintentionally in a fishery while intending to catch other fish.
-* [[Bycatch]]
+* [[Discards]] &ndash;  portion of a catch of fish which is not retained on board during commercial fishing operations and is returned, often dead or dying, to the sea.
-* [[Discards]]
+* [[Incidental catch]] &ndash; Incidental catch is a term, used in fisheries, to refer to that part of the catch which was not originally targeted, but was caught and retained anyway.
-* [[Incidental catch]]
+* [[Cetacean bycatch]] &ndash;  Cetacean bycatch is the incidental capture of non-target cetacean species by fisheries.
-* [[Cetacean bycatch]]
+* [[Turtle excluder device]] &ndash; A turtle excluder device or TED is a specialized device that allows a captured sea turtle to escape when caught in a fisherman's net.
-* [[Turtle excluder device]]
+* [[Common Fisheries Policy|EU quotas]] &ndash; The Common Fisheries Policy  is the fisheries policy of the European Union .
-* [[Shrimp-Turtle Case|''Shrimp-Turtle'' case]]
+* [[Exclusive economic zone]] &ndash;  Under the law of the sea, an exclusive economic zone  is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including production of energy from water and wind
-* [[Common Fisheries Policy|EU quotas]]
-* [[European Fishery MLS|EU MLS]]
-* [[Exclusive economic zone]]
 ==== Sustainability ====
+* [[Maximum sustainable yield]] &ndash; In population ecology and economics, maximum sustainable yield or MSY is theoretically, the largest yield  that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period.
-* [[Maximum sustainable yield]]
+* [[Sustainable seafood]] &ndash; Sustainable seafood is seafood from either fished or farmed sources that can maintain or increase production in the future without jeopardizing the ecosystems from which it was acquired.
-* [[Sustainable seafood]]
+* [[Overfishing]] &ndash; Overfishing is the act whereby fish stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels, regardless of water body size.
-* [[Overfishing]]
-* [[Environmental effects of fishing]]
+* [[Environmental effects of fishing]]  [[Environmental impact of fishing]]
+* [[Fishing down the food web]] &ndash;  Fishing down the food web is the process whereby fisheries in a given ecosystem, "having depleted the large predatory fish on top of the food web, turn to increasingly smaller species, finally ending up with previously spurned small fish and invertebrates."
-* [[Fishing down the food web]]
-* [[Destructive fishing practices]]
+* [[Destructive fishing practices]] &ndash; The phrase destructive fishing practices  has been featured in international fisheries literature for around three decades.
+* [[Future of Marine Animal Populations]] &ndash;  The Future of Marine Animal Populations  project was one of the core projects of the international Census of Marine Life .  <ref name=Census_book_2010>{{cite journal  | last = Worm | first = B  | coauthors = Lotze, HK; Jonsen, I; Muir, C  | title = Chapter 16. The Future of Marine Animal Populations.  | journal =  In: MacIntyre AD (ed) Life in the World's Oceans: Diversity, Distribution and Abundance | volume =  | issue = | pages = Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford:315–330  | publisher =  | year = 2010  | url =  http://www.fmap.ca/publications.php | doi =   | pmid = }}</ref>
-* [[Future of Marine Animal Populations]]
+* [[The Sunken Billions]] &ndash; The Sunken Billions is a study jointly published in 2008 by the World Bank and by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
-* [[The Sunken Billions]]
-* [[The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat|End of the Line]]
+* [[The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat|End of the Line]] &ndash;  ''The End of The Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World And What We Eat'' is a book by journalist Charles Clover about overfishing.  <ref name="ScienceNews">"''The End Of The Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat.''" ''Science News.'' December 23, 2006.</ref>
 ==== Conservation ====
-* [[Marine Protected Area]]
+* [[Marine Protected Area]]  [[Marine protected area]] {{R from other capitalisation}}
+* [[Marine reserve]] &ndash; A marine reserve is an area of the sea which has legal protection against fishing or development.
-* [[Marine reserve]]
+* [[Marine conservation]] &ndash; Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.
-* [[Marine conservation]]
+* [[Marine conservation activism]] &ndash; Marine conservation activism refers to the efforts of non-governmental organizations and individuals to bring about social and political change in the area of marine conservation.
-* [[Marine conservation activism]]
-* [[Salmon conservation]]
+* [[Salmon conservation]] &ndash; Conservation versus Restoration
+* [[Shark sanctuary]] &ndash; A shark sanctuary is an area that forbids commercial fishing operations from catching any shark.
-* [[Grey nurse shark conservation]]
-* [[Shark sanctuary]]
 === Organisations ===
+* [[Marine Stewardship Council]] &ndash;  The Marine Stewardship Council  is an independent non-profit organization which sets a standard for sustainable fishing.
-* [[Marine Stewardship Council]]
+* [[Friend of the Sea]] &ndash;  Friend of the Sea is a project for the certification and promotion of seafood from sustainable fisheries <ref>[http://www.worldfishingtoday.com/news/default.asp?nyId=2156 Friend of the Sea becomes Main Aquaculture Industry Standard for Sustainability in 2008] ''World Fishing Today.com.'' Retrieved 20 Dec 2008.</ref>    and sustainable aquaculture. <ref>[http://www.aquahoy.com/content/view/6357/1/lang,en/ Friend of the Sea becomes main aquaculture sustainability standard] ''Aquahoy.'' Retrieved 20 Dec 2008.</ref>    <ref>[http://www.dolphinsafetuna.org International Dolphin-Safe project]</ref>    It is the only certification scheme which, with the same logo, certifies both wild and farmed seafood.
-* [[Friend of the Sea]]
+* [[SeaChoice]] &ndash;  SeaChoice is a program of Sustainable Seafood Canada that uses the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch recommendations to raise consumer awareness about the importance of buying seafood from sustainable sources.
-* [[SeaChoice]]
+* [[Seafood Watch]] &ndash;  Seafood Watch is one of the best known sustainable seafood advisory lists, and has influenced similar programs around the world.
-* [[Seafood Watch]]
-* [[Oceana (non-profit group)|Oceana]]
+* [[Oceana (non-profit group)|Oceana]] &ndash; Oceana is the largest international ocean conservation and advocacy organization.
+* [[Sea Around Us Project]] &ndash; The Sea Around Us Project  is an international research group based at the University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre that is devoted to studying the impacts of fisheries on the world's marine ecosystems.
-* [[Sea Around Us Project]]
+* [[WorldFish Center]] &ndash; The WorldFish Center, a CGIAR Consortium Research Center, is an international, non-profit research organization dedicated to reducing poverty and hunger by improving fisheries and aquaculture.
-* [[WorldFish Center]]
+* [[Defying Ocean's End]] &ndash; ''Defying Ocean's End''  is a global agenda for action in marine conservation compiled in a 2004 Island Press book.
-* [[Defying Ocean's End]]
+* [[Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas|HERMIONE]] &ndash;  Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas, or HERMIONE, is an international multidisciplinary project, started in April 2009, that studies deep-sea ecosystems. <ref name=weaver1>Weaver et al. (2009). [http://www.eu-hermione.net/images/content/documents/publications/weaver_etal_2009.pdf "The future of integrated deep-sea research in Europe: The HERMIONE project".] ''Oceanography'' 22 (1), March 2009.</ref>    <ref name=schloesser1>Schloesser, Manfred (2009). [http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/geowissenschaften/european_deep_sea_research_climate_deep_sea_141988.html European deep-sea research: Climate changes and deep-sea ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.] ''Innovations Report'' (website).</ref>     HERMIONE scientists study the distribution of hotspot ecosystems, how they function and how they interconnect, partially in the context of how these ecosystems are being affected by climate change <ref name=hermes>[http://www.eu-hermes.net/ '''HERMES''' website, http://www.eu-hermes.net/]</ref>    and impacted by humans through fishing, resource extraction, seabed installations and pollution.
-* [[Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas|HERMIONE]]
+* [[PROFISH]] &ndash; PROFISH is a global program on sustainable fisheries established by the World Bank in 2005.
-* [[PROFISH]]
-* [[International Seafood Sustainability Foundation]]
+* [[International Seafood Sustainability Foundation]] &ndash;  International Seafood Sustainability Foundation   was formed in 2009 as a global, non-profit partnership among the tuna industry, scientists and World Wide Fund for Nature.
+* [[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]] &ndash;  The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society  is a non-profit, marine conservation organization based in Friday Harbor on San Juan Island, Washington in the United States.
-* [[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]
+* [[Greenpeace]] &ndash;  Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization <ref name="GPI world">{{cite web|author=Background – January 7, 2010 |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/worldwide |title=Greenpeace International: Greenpeace worldwide |publisher=Greenpeace.org |date=2010-01-07 |accessdate=2011-02-21}}</ref>    with offices in over forty countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. <ref name="GPI-FAQ">{{cite web|author=Background – January 8, 2009 |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/faq/questions-about-greenpeace-in |title=Greenpeace International FAQ: Questions about Greenpeace in general |publisher=Greenpeace.org |date=2009-01-08 |accessdate=2011-02-21}}</ref>    Greenpeace states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity" <ref name="HBS">{{cite web|author=Sarah Jane Gilbert |url=http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5797.html |title=Harvard Business School, HBS Cases: The Value of Environmental Activists |publisher=Hbswk.hbs.edu |date=2008-09-08 |accessdate=2011-02-21}}</ref>    and focuses its campaigning on world wide issues such as global warming, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling and anti-nuclear issues.  <ref name="Annual report 2008">[http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/international-annualreport-2008.pdf Greenpeace, Annual Report 2008] (pdf)</ref>
-* [[Greenpeace]]
 ===  Related issues ===
+* [[CalCOFI]] &ndash; CalCOFI  is a multi-agency partnership formed in 1949 to investigate the collapse of the sardine population off California.
-* [[CalCOFI]]
+* [[Marine pollution]] &ndash; Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful effects, can result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms.
-* [[Marine pollution]]
+* [[Mercury in fish]] &ndash; * Rasmussen RS, Nettleton J and Morrissey MT  [http://www.heads-up.net/csi/Hg_Review_080905.pdf "A Review of Mercury in Seafood: special focus on tuna"] ''Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology'', 14 : 71–100.
-* [[Mercury in fish]]
+* [[Shark finning]] &ndash;  Shark finning refers to the removal and retention of shark fins, accompanied by the discarding of the rest of the shark body into the ocean.
-* [[Shark finning]]
 ==Commercial fishing==
+*[[Commercial fishing]] &ndash;  Commercial fishing is the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit, mostly from wild fisheries.
-{{Main|Outline of the fishing industry}}
-*[[Commercial fishing]]
 === Types of commerical fishing ===
+* [[Trawling]] &ndash; Trawling is a method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats.
-* [[Trawling]]
+* [[Seine fishing]] &ndash; Seine fishing  is a method of fishing that employs a seine or dragnet.
-* [[Seine fishing]]
+* [[Longline fishing]] &ndash;  Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique.  <ref>[[European Union]]: [http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/studies/bio/1309R03B96031.pdf. Identifying Maltese fishing grounds]</ref>
-* [[Longline fishing]]
-* [[Troll (angling)]]
+* [[Trolling (fishing)]]
-* [[Scallop dredge]]
+* [[Fishing dredge]]
+* [[Trepanging]] &ndash; Trepanging is the Anglicisation of the act of collection or harvesting of sea cucumbers, known in Indonesian, as ''"trepang"''.
-* [[Trepanging]]
+* [[Lobster fishing]] &ndash; Lobster fishing, sometimes called lobstering, is the commercial or recreational harvesting of marine lobsters, spiny lobsters or crayfish.
-* [[Lobster fishing]]
+* [[Alaskan king crab fishing]] &ndash;  Alaskan king crab fishing is carried out during the winter months in the waters off the coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.
-* [[Alaskan king crab fishing]]
+* [[Artisan fishing]] &ndash; Artisan fishing is a term used to describe small-scale low-technology commercial or subsistence fishing practices.
-* [[Artisan fishing]]
+* [[Fishing vessel]] &ndash; A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.
-* [[Fishing vessel]]
 === Commercial fishing boats ===
-* [[Fishing vessel#Commercial vessels|Commercial fishing boats]]
+* [[Fishing trawler|Trawlers]] &ndash; A fishing trawler  is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls.
+* [[Seine fishing|Seiners]] &ndash; Seine fishing  is a method of fishing that employs a seine or dragnet.
-* [[Fishing trawler|Trawlers]]
-* [[Seine fishing|Seiners]]
+* [[Drifter (fishing boat)|Drifters]] &ndash;
+* [[Longline fishing|Longliners]] &ndash;  Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique.  <ref>[[European Union]]: [http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/studies/bio/1309R03B96031.pdf. Identifying Maltese fishing grounds]</ref>
-* [[Drifter (fishing boat)|Drifters]]
+* [[Factory ship]]s  &ndash;
-* [[Longline fishing|Longliners]]
+* [[Fishery Protection Squadron]] &ndash; The Fishery Protection Squadron is a front-line squadron of the Royal Navy with responsibility for patrolling the UK's Extended Fisheries Zone.
-* [[Factory ship]]s
+* [[Fishing fleet]] &ndash; A fishing fleet is an aggregate of commercial fishing vessels.
-* [[Fishery Protection Squadron]]
-* [[Fishing fleet]]
+* [[Research vessel]]s
-* [[Research vessel]]s
+* [[Whaler]]s &ndash;
-* [[Whaler]]s
 ===Fishing by country===
 * [[Fishing by country]]
-* [[Commercial fishing in Alaska|Alaska]]
+* [[Fishing industry by country]]
+* [[Commercial fishing in Alaska|Alaska]] &ndash; :The deck hands take care of all of the tasks that need to be done on board during a set, such as detaching the skiff at the start of a set, plunging to scare fish away from the boat where they could escape the net by going under the boat, and cleaning the deck of seaweed and bycatch while the net is deployed, keeping an eye on the net and surrounding seas for snags or whales, stacking the cork line and lead line as the net is being taken back aboard, removing the odd fish/debris that has become entangled in the net, assisting with brailing , repairing holes in the net, pitching the fish into the fish hold, and on most boats cooking the meals.
-* [[Fishing in Angola|Angola]]
+* [[Fishing in Chile|Chile]] &ndash;  Fishing in Chile is a major industry with a total catch of 4,442,877 tons of fishes in 2006. <ref>[http://www.buscacine.com/cinealdia/archivos/000160.html Hollywood looks to take refuge in southern Chile]</ref>    Due to the Humboldt Current the Chilean Sea is considered among the most productive marine ecosystems in the world as well as the largest upwelling system.
-* [[Fishing in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
+* [[Fishing in Ghana|Ghana]] &ndash;  Fishing in Ghana increased considerably in the late 1960s, from 105,100 tons of marine fish caught in 1967 to 230,100 tons in 1971.
-* [[Fishing industry in Canada|Canada]]
+* [[Fishing in India|India]] &ndash; Fishing in India is a major industry in its coastal states, employing over 14 million people.
-* [[Fishing in Chad|Chad]]
+* [[Fishing industry in Scotland|Scotland]] &ndash; The  fishing industry in Scotland comprises a significant proportion of the United Kingdom fishing industry.
-* [[Fishing in Chile|Chile]]
-* [[Fishing in Ghana|Ghana]]
-* [[Fishing in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]
-* [[Fishing in India|India]]
-* [[Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan#Fisheries|Japan]]
-* [[Fishing industry in Scotland|Scotland]]
-* [[Fishing in Uganda|Uganda]]
 ==Recreational fishing==
-* [[Recreational fishing]]
+* [[Recreational fishing]] &ndash; Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.
+* [[Angling]] &ndash; Angling is a method of fishing by means of an "angle" .
-* [[Angling]]
+* [[Fly fishing]] &ndash; Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial 'fly' is used to catch fish.
-* [[Fly fishing]]
+* [[Game fish]] &ndash; Game fish are fish pursued for sport by recreational anglers.
-* [[Game fish]]
-* [[Fishing techniques]]
+* [[Fishing techniques]] &ndash; Fishing techniques are methods for catching fish.
+* [[Fishing tackle]] &ndash; Fishing tackle is a general term that refers to the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.
-* [[Fishing tackle]]
+* [[Sheridan Anderson|Personalities]] &ndash; Sheridan Andreas Mulholland Anderson  was an American outdoorsman, fly fisherman, author, and illustrator.
-* [[Fishing in Alabama|Regional fishing]]
-* [[Sheridan Anderson|Personalities]]
 == Angling topics ==
+=== Angling and game fishing ===
-=== Angling and game fishing
+* [[Angling]] &ndash; Angling is a method of fishing by means of an "angle" .
+** [[Recreational boat fishing|Boat fishing]] &ndash; Inshore boat fishing is fishing from a boat in easy sight of land and in water less than about 30 metres deep.
+** [[Trolling (fishing)|Trolling]] &ndash; method of fishing where one or more fishing lines, baited with lures or bait fish, are  drawn through the water.
-* [[Angling]]
+** [[Casting (fishing)|Casting]] &ndash;  In angling, casting is the act of throwing bait or a lure using a fishing line out over the water using a flexible fishing rod.
-** [[Recreational boat fishing|Boat fishing]]
+** [[Spey casting]] &ndash;  Spey casting  is a casting technique used in fly fishing.
-** [[Trolling (fishing)|Trolling]]
+** [[Reach cast]] &ndash;  The Reach Cast  is a casting technique used in fly fishing.
-** [[Casting (fishing)|Casting]]
+** [[Surf fishing]] &ndash; Surf fishing is the sport of catching fish standing on the shoreline or wading in the surf.
-** [[Spey casting]]
+** [[Rock fishing]] &ndash; Rock fishing is fishing from rocky outcrops into the sea.
-** [[Reach cast]]
+** [[Bank fishing]] &ndash; Bank fishing is fishing from river banks and shorelines.
-** [[Surf fishing]]
-** [[Rock fishing]]
+** [[Kayak fishing]] &ndash; Kayak fishing is fishing from a kayak.
+** [[Centerpin fishing]] &ndash; Centerpin fishing, also called float fishing, is a fishing technique which uses  a noodle or mooching rod, reel and Roe or fly.
-** [[Bank fishing]]
+** [[Coarse fishing|Coarse fish]] &ndash; Coarse fishing is a term used in the United Kingdom and Ireland for angling for coarse fish, which are those types of freshwater fish other than game fish .
-** [[Kayak fishing]]
+** [[Rough fish]] &ndash;  Rough fish  is a term used by U.S.
-** [[Centerpin fishing]]
+** [[Bottom fishing]] &ndash; Bottom fishing, called legering in the United Kingdom, is fishing the bottom of a body of water.
-** [[Coarse fishing|Coarse fish]]
+** [[Fishing tackle|Tackle]] &ndash; Fishing tackle is a general term that refers to the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.
-** [[Rough fish]]
+** [[Fishing techniques|Techniques]] &ndash; Fishing techniques are methods for catching fish.
-** [[Bottom fishing]]
+** [[Fishing tournament|Tournaments]] &ndash; A fishing tournament, or derby, is an organised competition among anglers.
-** [[Fishing tackle|Tackle]]
+** [[Traditional fishing boat]]s
-** [[Fishing techniques|Techniques]]
+** [[Sheridan Anderson|Angling personalities]] &ndash; Sheridan Andreas Mulholland Anderson  was an American outdoorsman, fly fisherman, author, and illustrator.
-** [[Fishing tournament|Tournaments]]
+** [[Game fish|game fishing]] &ndash; Game fish are fish pursued for sport by recreational anglers.
-** [[Traditional fishing boat]]s
+** [[Big-game fishing]] &ndash; Big-game fishing, often referred to as offshore sportfishing, offshore gamefishing, or blue-water fishing is a form of recreational fishing, targeting large fish renowned for their sporting qualities, such as tuna and marlin.
-** [[Sheridan Anderson|Angling personalities]]
+** [[Land-based game fishing]] &ndash; Land-based game fishing is a form of fishing where anglers attempt to catch game fish, that are generally caught from ocean going boats, off the shore.
-** [[Fishing television series|Television series]]
+** [[Salmon run]] &ndash; The salmon run is the time when salmon, which have migrated from the ocean, swim to the upper reaches of rivers where they spawn on gravel beds.
-** [[Game fish|game fishing]]
+** [[International Game Fish Association]] &ndash; leading authority on angling pursuits and the keeper of the most current World Record fishing catches by fish categories.
-** [[Big-game fishing]]
-** [[Land-based game fishing]]
-** [[Salmon run]]
-** [[International Game Fish Association]]
 === The catch ===
+* [[Catch and release]] &ndash; Catch and release is a practice within recreational fishing intended as a technique of conservation.
-* [[Catch and release]]
+* [[Tag and release]] &ndash; Tag and release is a form of catch and release fishing in which the angler attaches a tag to the fish, records data such as date, time, place, and type of fish on a standardized post card, and submits this card to a fisheries agency or conservation organization.
-* [[Tag and release]]
+* [[Bag limits]] &ndash; A bag limit is a law imposed on hunters and fishermen restricting the number of animals within a specific species or group of species they may kill and keep.
-* [[Bag limits]]
+* [[Minimum landing size]] &ndash;  The minimum landing size  is the smallest length at which it is legal to keep or sell a fish.
-* [[Minimum landing size]]
+* [[Panfish]] &ndash;  A panfish, also spelled pan-fish or pan fish, is an edible game fish that usually doesn't outgrow the size of a frying pan.  <ref>[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/136811 panfish, n.] Oxford English Dictionary Third edition, March 2005; online version September 2011. Accessed 29 October 2011. An entry for this word was first included in New English Dictionary, 1904.</ref>
-* [[Panfish]]
+* [[Priest (tool)]] &ndash; A priest is a tool, often resembling a blunt weapon, used for quickly killing fish.
-* [[Priest (tool)]]
+* [[Ike jime]] &ndash;   or  is a method of paralyzing and bleeding fish to maintain its quality.
-* [[Ike jime]]
 === Sport fish ===
+* [[Bass fishing|Bass]] &ndash;  Bass fishing is the activity of angling for the North American gamefish known colloquially as the ''black bass''.
+* [[Carp fishing|Carp]] &ndash; Good carp fishing can be found in many different types of water.
-* [[Bass fishing|Bass]]
+* [[Mahi-mahi fishing|Mahi-mahi]] &ndash; Mahi mahi are also known as dorado or dolphin fish.
-* [[Carp fishing|Carp]]
+* [[Marlin fishing|Marlin]] &ndash; Marlin fishing is considered by some game fishermen to be the pinnacle of offshore game fishing, due to the size and power of marlin and the relative rareness and vulnerability of this species.
-* [[Bluefish#Gear and methods|Fly target species]]
+* [[Porgie fishing|Porgie (bream)]] &ndash;  Porgy is the common name for any fish which belongs to the family Sparidae.  <ref name="AlanDavidson">[[Alan Davidson (food writer)|Alan Davidson]], ''Mediterranean Seafood'', Penguin, 1972. ISBN 0-14-046174-4, pp. 86-108.</ref>
-* [[Mahi-mahi fishing|Mahi-mahi]]
+* [[Smelt-whiting fishing|Smelt whiting]] &ndash;  Smelt-whiting is the common name for various species of the family Sillaginidae.
-* [[Marlin fishing|Marlin]]
-* [[Porgie fishing|Porgie (bream)]]
-* [[Shad fishing|Shad]]
-* [[Smelt-whiting fishing|Smelt whiting]]
-* [[Striped bass fishing|Striped bass]]
-* [[Swordfish#Recreational importance|Swordfish]]
-* [[Walleye fishing|Walleye]]
 === Fly fishing ===
+* [[Fly fishing]] &ndash; angling method in which an artificial 'fly' is used to catch fish.
+** [[Fly fishing tackle]] &ndash; fishing tackle or equipment typically used by fly anglers.
-* [[Fly fishing]]
+** [[Bamboo fly rod]] &ndash; fly fishing rod that is made from bamboo, also referred to as cane.
+** [[Fly rod building]] &ndash; art of constructing a fly fishing rod to match the performance desires of the individual angler.
-** [[Fly fishing tackle]]
+** [[Fly Casting Analyzer]] &ndash;  research tool for understanding fly casting
-** [[Bamboo fly rod]]
+** [[Spey casting]] &ndash;  casting technique used in fly fishing.
-** [[Fly rod building]]
+** [[Reach cast]] &ndash; casting technique used in fly fishing.
-** [[Fly Casting Analyzer]]
+** [[Tenkara fishing]] &ndash; traditional type of fly fishing practiced in Japan.
-** [[Spey casting]]
+** [[Float tube]] &ndash; also known as a belly boat or kick boat, is a flotation device which anglers use to fish from.
-** [[Reach cast]]
+** [[Trout bum]] &ndash; affectionate nickname for dedicated trout anglers, particularly those who practice fly fishing.
-** [[Tenkara fishing]]
+** [[Big Hole River|Fly waters]] &ndash; tributary of the Jefferson River, approximately <span style="white-space:nowrap">153&nbsp;miles&nbsp;</span> long, in southwestern Montana in the United States.
-** [[Float tube]]
+** [[Bibliography of fly fishing]] &ndash; provides an overview of notable and not so notable works in the English language regarding the sport of fly fishing, listed by year of first publication.
-** [[Trout bum]]
-** [[Big Hole River|Fly waters]]
-** [[Bibliography of fly fishing]]
 ==== Artficial flies ====
+* [[Artificial fly|Fly lure]] &ndash;  type of fishing lure, usually used in the sport of fly fishing .
+** [[Fly tying]] &ndash; process of producing an artificial fly to be used by anglers to catch fish via means of fly fishing.
-* [[Artificial fly|Fly lure]]
+** [[Amadou]] &ndash; spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi.
-** [[Fly tying]]
+** [[Cul de canard|Cul De Canard]] &ndash;  feathers from the back of the of a duck directly around the preen gland; they are very buoyant due too preen oil prduced by the preen gland.
-** [[Amadou]]
+** [[Trolling tandem streamer fly]] &ndash; style of fishing fly designed to be fished behind a moving boat.
-** [[Cul de canard|Cul De Canard]]
+** [[Royal Coachman]] &ndash; artificial fly that has been tied as a wet fly, dry fly and streamer pattern.
-** [[Trolling tandem streamer fly]]
+** [[Clouser Deep Minnow]] &ndash; artificial fly commonly categorized as a streamer and is fished under the water surface.
-** [[Royal Coachman]]
+** [[Diawl bach]] &ndash; popular  Welsh fly pattern used in British still waters, and an appropriate lure to use when the fish are feeding on midge pupae.
-** [[Clouser Deep Minnow]]
+** [[Egg sucking leech]] &ndash; artificial fly used in fly fishing.
-** [[Diawl bach]]
+** [[Flesh fly (fly fishing)|Flesh Fly]] &ndash; popular fly pattern used by rainbow trout anglers in Western Alaska.
-** [[Egg sucking leech]]
+** [[Grey Ghost Streamer]] &ndash; artificial fly, of the streamer type.
-** [[Flesh fly (fly fishing)|Flesh Fly]]
+** [[Hare's Ear]] &ndash;  one of the most traditional artificial flies used in fly fishing.
-** [[Grey Ghost Streamer]]
+** [[Klinkhammer]] &ndash; popular Emerger used in fly fishing to catch grayling and trout.
-** [[Hare's Ear]]
+** [[Muddler Minnow]] &ndash; popular and versatile artificial fly of the streamer type used in fly fishing and fly tying.
-** [[Klinkhammer]]
+** [[Partridge and Orange]] &ndash; artificial fly commonly categorized as a wet fly or soft hackle and is fished under the water surface.
-** [[Muddler Minnow]]
+** [[Woolly Worm (imitation)|Woolly Worm]] &ndash; artificial fly commonly categorized as a wet fly or nymph and is fished under the water surface.
-** [[Partridge and Orange]]
+** [[Woolly Bugger]] &ndash;  artificial fly commonly categorized as a wet fly or streamer and is fished under the water surface.
-** [[Pheasant Tail Nymph]]
-** [[Woolly Worm (imitation)|Woolly Worm]]
-** [[Woolly Bugger]]
 ==== Fly fishing organizations ====
+* [[American Museum of Fly Fishing]] &ndash; The American Museum of Fly Fishing is a museum in Manchester, Vermont, USA, that preserves and exhibits artifacts related to American angling.
+* [[Catskill Fly Fishing Center and Museum]] &ndash; The Catskill Fly Fishing Center and Museum is a nonprofit, educational organization dedicated to: preserving America's fly fishing heritage; teaching its future generations of fly fishers; and protecting its fly fishing environment.
-* [[American Museum of Fly Fishing]]
+* [[Federation of Fly Fishers]] &ndash;  The Federation of Fly Fishers is an international 501 non-profit organization headquartered in Livingston, Montana dedicated to the betterment of the sport of fly fishing through Conservation, Restoration and Education.
-* [[Catskill Fly Fishing Center and Museum]]
+* [[Trout Unlimited]] &ndash; Trout Unlimited is an international non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of freshwater streams, rivers, and associated upland habitats for trout, salmon, other aquatic species, and people.
-* [[Federation of Fly Fishers]]
-* [[Trout Unlimited]]
 ==== Fly fishing literature ====
+* [[Blacker's Art of Fly Making]] &ndash;  ''Blacker's Art of Fly Making'' - ''comprising angling and dyeing of colours with engravings of Salmon and Trout flies shewing the process of the gentle craft as taught in the pages with descriptions of flies for the season of the year as they come out on the water'' is a work of fly tying literature with significant fly fishing content written by William Blacker, a London Tackle dealer and first published in London in 1842 by George Nichols
-* ''[[Blacker's Art of Fly Making]]''
+* [[A Book on Angling]] &ndash;  ''A Book on Angling'' - ''Being a complete treatise on the art of angling in every branch'' is a work of angling literature with significant fly fishing content written by Francis Francis, angling editor to The Field
-* ''[[A Book on Angling]]''
+* [[A Concise Treatise on the Art of Angling]] &ndash; ''A Concise Treatise on the Art of Angling''- ''Confirmed by Actual Experiences and Minute Observations to Which is Added the Compleat Fly-Fisher'' is a fly fishing book written by Thomas Best, first published in London in 1787.
-* ''[[A Concise Treatise on the Art of Angling]]''
-* ''[[Dry-Fly Fishing in Theory and Practice]]''
+* [[Dry-Fly Fishing in Theory and Practice]] &ndash;  ''Dry-Fly Fishing in Theory and Practice''  is British author and angler Frederic M.
+* [[Favorite Flies and Their Histories]] &ndash; ''Favorite Flies and Their Histories'' - ''With many replies from practical anglers to inquiries concerning how, when and where to use them-Illustrated by Thirty-two colored plates of flies, six engravings of natural insects and eight reproductions of photographs'' is a fly fishing book written by Mary Orvis Marbury published in Boston in April 1892 by Houghton Mifflin.
-* ''[[Favorite Flies and Their Histories]]''
+* [[Floating Flies and How to Dress Them]] &ndash;  ''Floating Flies and How to Dress Them'' - ''A Treatise on the Most Modern Methods of Dressing Artificial Flies for Trout and Grayling with Full Illustrated Directions and Containing Ninety Hand-Coloured Engravings of the Most Killing Patterns Together with a Few Hints to Dry-Fly Fishermen'' is a fly fishing book written by Frederic M.
-* ''[[Floating Flies and How to Dress Them]]''
+* [[The Fly-fisher's Entomology]] &ndash; ''The Fly-Fisher's Entomology, Illustrated by Coloured Representations of the Natural and Artificial Insect and Accompanied by a Few Observations and Instructions Relative to Trout-and-Grayling Fishing'', first published in 1836 by Alfred Ronalds , was the first comprehensive work related to the entomology associated with fly fishing.
-* ''[[The Fly-fisher's Entomology]]''
-* ''[[A History of Fly Fishing for Trout]]''
+* [[A History of Fly Fishing for Trout]] &ndash; ''A History of Fly Fishing for Trout'' is a fly fishing book written by John Waller Hills published in London in 1921.
-* ''[[Minor Tactics of the Chalk Stream]]''
+* [[Minor Tactics of the Chalk Stream]] &ndash; ''Minor Tactics of the Chalk Stream'' and Kindred Studies is a fly fishing book written by G.E.M.
-* [[Pseudonyms of notable angling authors]]
+* [[Pseudonyms of notable angling authors]]  [[List of pseudonyms of angling authors]]
+* [[The Salmon Fly]] &ndash; ''The Salmon Fly'' - ''How to Dress It and How to Use It'' is a fly fishing book written by George M.
-* ''[[The Salmon Fly]]''
-* ''[[The Way of a Trout with the Fly]]''
+* [[The Way of a Trout with the Fly]] &ndash; ''The Way of a Trout with the Fly and Some Further Studies in Minor Tactics''  is a fly fishing book written by G.
 ====Apparel====
+* [[Hip boot]] &ndash; Hip boots, or waders as they are colloquially called, are a type of boot initially designed to be worn by river fishermen.
-* [[Hip boot]]
+* [[Waders (footwear)]] &ndash; Waders refers to a waterproof boot extending from the foot to the chest, traditionally made from vulcanised rubber, but available in more modern PVC, neoprene and Gore-Tex variants.
-* [[Waders (footwear)]]
+* [[Diving mask]] &ndash;  A diving mask  is an item of diving equipment that allows scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers to see clearly underwater.
-* [[Diving mask]]
+* [[Wetsuit]] &ndash; A wetsuit is a garment, usually made of foamed neoprene, which is worn by surfers, divers, windsurfers, canoeists, and others engaged in water sports, providing thermal insulation, abrasion resistance and buoyancy.
-* [[Snorkeling#Swimmer's snorkel|Snorkel]]
-* [[Wetsuit]]
 ===Sport fish targets===
@@ Line 913: / Line 803: @@
 * [[:Category:Fly fishing target species|More fly fish...]]
 * [[American shad#Shad fishing|Other sport fish...]]
 ===Sport fishing by location===
+* [[Hunting and fishing in Alaska]] &ndash; Hunting and fishing in Alaska are common both for recreation and subsistence.
-* [[Fishing in Alabama]]
+* [[Fish in Australia]] &ndash; There are many types of fish in Australia, and fishing is a popular Australian activity.
-* [[Hunting and fishing in Alaska]]
+* [[Golden Triangle (Rocky Mountains)]] &ndash; The Golden Triangle is an informal designation for a region renowned as one of the premier fly fishing locations in the United States.
-* [[Fish in Australia]]
+* [[Redmire pool]] &ndash;  Redmire Pool is near Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire, England.
-* [[Golden Triangle (Rocky Mountains)]]
+* [[Angling in Yellowstone National Park]] &ndash;  Angling in Yellowstone National Park is a major reason many visitors come to the park each year and since it was created in 1872, the park has drawn anglers from around the world to fish its waters.
-* [[Fishing in Ohio]]
-* [[Redmire pool]]
-* [[Fishing in Wyoming]]
-* [[Angling in Yellowstone National Park]]
 ====Fly fishing waters====
+* [[Big Hole River]] &ndash; The Big Hole River is a tributary of the Jefferson River, approximately <span style="white-space:nowrap">153&nbsp;miles&nbsp;</span> long, in southwestern Montana in the United States.
-* [[Big Hole River]]
+* [[DePuy Spring Creek]] &ndash;  DePuy Spring Creek is a three mile long trout fishery located between the Absaroka and Gallatin mountain ranges in Paradise Valley, south of Livingston, Montana.
-* [[Connecticut River#Angling the Connecticut|Connecticut River]]
+* [[East Gallatin River]] &ndash;  The East Gallatin River flows  in a northwesterly direction through the Gallatin valley, Gallatin County, Montana.
-* [[DePuy Spring Creek]]
+* [[Firehole River]] &ndash;  The Firehole River is one of two major tributaries of the Madison River.
-* [[East Gallatin River]]
+* [[Gibbon River]] &ndash; The Gibbon River is a river in Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming, the United States.
-* [[Firehole River]]
+* [[River Test]] &ndash;  The River Test is a river in Hampshire, England.
-* [[Gibbon River]]
+* [[Ruby River]] &ndash; The Ruby River is a tributary of the Beaverhead River, approximately 76&nbsp;mi  long, in southwestern Montana in the United States.
-* [[River Test]]
+* [[San Juan River (Colorado River)|San Juan River]] &ndash;  The San Juan River is a significant tributary of the Colorado River in the southwestern United States, about  long.
-* [[Ruby River]]
+* [[Angling in Yellowstone National Park]] &ndash;  Angling in Yellowstone National Park is a major reason many visitors come to the park each year and since it was created in 1872, the park has drawn anglers from around the world to fish its waters.
-* [[San Juan River (Colorado River)|San Juan River]]
+* [[Yellowstone River]] &ndash; The Yellowstone River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately  long, in the western United States.
-* [[Angling in Yellowstone National Park]]
-* [[Yellowstone River]]
 ==Fishing tournaments==
-* [[Fishing tournament|tournaments]]
+* [[Fishing tournament|tournaments]] &ndash; A fishing tournament, or derby, is an organised competition among anglers.
-* [[Argungu Fishing Festival]]
+* [[Argungu Fishing Festival]] &ndash; The Argungu Fishing Festival is an annual four day festival in north-western Nigerian state of Kebbi.
+* [[Bass Festival]] &ndash; The Bass Festival, also known as Bass Derby, is held during the second weekend of October in Rio Vista, California.
-* [[Bass Festival]]
-* [[Bassmasters Classic]]
+* [[Bassmasters Classic]]  [[Bassmaster Classic]]
-* [[Fort Frances Canadian Bass Championship]]
+* [[Fort Frances Canadian Bass Championship]] &ndash; The Fort Frances Canadian Bass Championship is a catch and release smallmouth bass fishing tournament held on Rainy Lake and hosted in Fort Frances, Ontario.
-* [[Golden North Salmon Derby]]
+* [[Golden North Salmon Derby]] &ndash; The Golden North Salmon Derby is an annual salmon fishing competition held in Juneau, Alaska in August.
+* [[Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament]] &ndash;  The AT&T Greater Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament  is a contest fishing for King mackerel that spans six days every July in Jacksonville, Florida.  <ref>[http://www.kingfishtournament.com/tournament.php "General Tournament Information"] Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament</ref>
-* [[Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament]]
+* [[Troutmasters]] &ndash; Troutmasters is the name of an annual fishing tournament taking place in the Wilson's Creek district of Pisgah National Forest in Western North Carolina.
-* [[Troutmasters]]
 == Fishing organizations ==
-* [[Bass Anglers Sportsman Society]]
+* [[Bass Anglers Sportsman Society]] &ndash; The Bass Anglers Sportsman Society  is a fishing membership organization with more than a half a million members.
-* [[Central New England Fishery Resource Office]]
+* [[Central New England Fishery Resource Office]] &ndash; The Central New England Fishery Resource Office is involved in programs to restore, enhance, and manage a number of migratory fish species and the habitats they depend upon.
-* [[Common Fisheries Policy]]
+* [[Common Fisheries Policy]] &ndash; The Common Fisheries Policy  is the fisheries policy of the European Union .
+* [[Fish and Game New Zealand]] &ndash; Fish and Game New Zealand is a statutory body set up to advocate for recreational hunting and fishing in New Zealand.
-* [[Fish and Game New Zealand]]
+* [[Fisherfolk Movement]] &ndash; The Fisherfolk Movement  is a coalition of eight federation and alliances of small fisherfolk in the Philippines.
-* [[Fisherfolk Movement]]
+* [[Fishingkaki]] &ndash; Fishingkaki.com is one of the world's largest fishing internet-based message board and is based in Singapore.
-* [[Fishingkaki]]
+* [[Gerakan Nelajan Marhaenis]] &ndash;  ''Gerakan Nelajan Marhaenis''  was an organization of fishermen in Indonesia, linked to the Indonesian Nationalist Party . <ref>Anderson, Benedict R. O'G., and Ruth Thomas McVey. ''[http://books.google.com.bo/books?id=CVcwPV3NvDMC&pg=PT196 A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup in Indonesia]''. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing, 2009. p. 196</ref>    GNM was part of the Marhaen Mass Movement . <ref>http://dare.uva.nl/document/100523</ref>    GNM held its first congress in Tegal in July 1965.
-* [[Gerakan Nelajan Marhaenis]]
+* [[International Collective in Support of Fishworkers]] &ndash; International Collective in Support of Fishworkers  is an international non-government organization that works towards the establishment of equitable, gender-just, self-reliant and sustainable fisheries, particularly in the small-scale, artisan sector.
-* [[International Collective in Support of Fishworkers]]
+* [[International Game Fish Association]] &ndash; The International Game Fish Association  is the leading authority on angling pursuits and the keeper of the most current World Record fishing catches by fish categories.
-* [[International Game Fish Association]]
+* [[International Land-Based Shark Fishing Association]] &ndash; The International Land-Based Shark Fishing Association  was formed to unify the sport of land-based shark fishing and its anglers by establish of the standards for the compilation and recognition of world records, while also promoting, through research, education and practice, responsible enjoyment and stewardship of marine and coastal resources.
-* [[International Land-Based Shark Fishing Association]]
+* [[Izaak Walton League]] &ndash;  The Izaak Walton League is an American environmental organization founded in 1922 that promotes natural resource protection and outdoor recreation.
-* [[Izaak Walton League]]
+* [[Marine Management Organisation]] &ndash;  The Marine Management Organisation  is an executive non-departmental public body established and given powers under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009
-* [[Marine Management Organisation]]
-* [[Nippon Bass Club]]
+* [[Nippon Bass Club]] &ndash; The  is the largest amateur sports fishing club in Japan.
-* [[North Pacific Longliners Association]]
+* [[North Pacific Longliners Association]] &ndash; The North Pacific Longliners Association  is a trade group that represents the largest longliners.
+* [[Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum]] &ndash;  The Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum  is a non-governmental organisation based in Karachi, Pakistan which works to advance social, economic, cultural and political rights of fishermen and fishing communities in Pakistan.
-* [[Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum]]
+* [[Prince Albert Angling Society]] &ndash;  The Prince Albert Angling Society is a fishing club in the United Kingdom, founded in 1954 by a dozen anglers while fishing a local canal.
-* [[Prince Albert Angling Society]]
+* [[Sea Fish Industry Authority]] &ndash; The Sea Fish Industry Authority  is a United Kingdom non-departmental public body, established in 1981, and charged with working with the UK seafood industry to promote good quality, sustainable seafood.
-* [[Sea Fish Industry Authority]]
+* [[Shark Alliance]] &ndash; The Shark Alliance is a global not-for-profit coalition founded in 2006 of non-governmental organizations dedicated to restoring and conserving shark populations by improving shark conservation policies.
-* [[Shark Alliance]]
+* [[Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council]] &ndash; The Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council [http://www.fws.gov/sfbpc] is an 18 member committee established under the Federal Advisory Committee Act whose purpose is to advise the Secretary of the Interior, through the Director of the U.S.
-* [[Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council]]
+* [[Sport Fishing Association]] &ndash; The Sport Fishing Association in Anzoategui  is a organized group of people who practice sport fishing in Venezuela.
-* [[Sport Fishing Association]]
+* [[Sussex Piscatorial Society]] &ndash; Sussex Piscatorial Society  is a unique and historic fishing club with waters in East and West Sussex and surrounding counties.
-* [[Sussex Piscatorial Society]]
+* [[Takemefishing.org]] &ndash; Take Me Fishing is a national campaign started by the nonprofit organization Recreational Boating & Fishing Foundation  to actively encourage participation in recreational boating and fishing and thereby increase public awareness and appreciation of the need to protect, conserve and restore the natural aquatic resources of American waters.
-* [[Takemefishing.org]]
 == Fishing personalities ==
+* [[Sheridan Anderson]] &ndash; Sheridan Andreas Mulholland Anderson  was an American outdoorsman, fly fisherman, author, and illustrator.
+* [[Dan Bailey]] &ndash;  Dan Bailey  was a fly-shop owner, innovative fly developer and staunch Western conservationist.
-* [[Sheridan Anderson]]
+* [[Juliana Berners]] &ndash; Juliana Berners  , English writer on heraldry, hawking and hunting, is said to have been prioress of Sopwell Nunnery near St Albans.
-* [[Dan Bailey]]
+* [[Charles Cotton]] &ndash; Charles Cotton  was an English poet and writer, best known for translating the work of Michel de Montaigne from the French, for his contributions to ''The Compleat Angler'', and for the highly influential ''The Compleat Gamester'' which has been attributed to him.
-* [[Juliana Berners]]
+* [[Daryl Crimp]] &ndash; Daryl Crimp  is a New Zealand writer, illustrator and cartoonist.
-* [[Charles Cotton]]
+* [[Bill Dance (television host)|Bill Dance]] &ndash; Bill Dance is an angler and host of ''Bill Dance Outdoors'', a fishing television series on the Versus channel.
-* [[Daryl Crimp]]
+* [[Frank Parker Day]] &ndash; Frank Parker Day  was a Canadian athlete, academic and author.
-* [[Bill Dance (television host)|Bill Dance]]
+* [[Michael de Avila]] &ndash;  Michael de Avila  is an American television personality, filmmaker, and producer from New York, New York.  <ref>http://www.wfn.tv/wfntv/programs/show.php?showid=54</ref> <ref>http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/45699918/ns/sports-outdoors/</ref>
-* [[Frank Parker Day]]
+* [[John Dietsch]] &ndash; John Dietsch is the author of the book ''Shadowcasting: An Introduction to the Art of Flyfishing''.
-* [[Michael de Avila]]
+* [[John Gierach]] &ndash;  John Gierach is an American author and freelance writer who formerly resided on the St.
-* [[John Dietsch]]
+* [[Arnold Gingrich]] &ndash; Arnold Gingrich  was the editor of, and, along with publisher David A.
-* [[John Gierach]]
+* [[George F. Grant]] &ndash;  George F.  <ref>{{cite web |title=George Francis Grant (1906-2008): fly tyer, environmentalist, founder |url=http://ecorover.blogspot.com/2008/12/george-francis-grant-1906-2008-fly-tyer.html |accessdate=2010-03-30}}</ref>
-* [[Arnold Gingrich]]
+* [[Frederic M. Halford]] &ndash;  Frederic Michael Halford , pseudonym Detached Badger, <ref>{{cite book |editor=Schullery, Paul |title=Halford and the Dry Fly |chapter=Introduction |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Mechanicsburg, PA |isbn=0-8117-0272-3 |pages=ix–xv |year=2007}}</ref>    was a wealthy and influential British angler and fly fishing author.  <ref>{{cite book |last=Hills |first=John Waller |title=A History of Fly Fishing For Trout |publisher=Phillp Allan & Co |location=London |year=1921 |url=http://www.archive.org/details/historyofflyfish00hillrich |page=129}}</ref>
-* [[George F. Grant]]
+* [[Charles Hallock]] &ndash; Charles Hallock   was an American author born in New York City to Gerard Hallock and Elizabeth Allen.
-* [[Zane Grey#Fishing|Zane Grey]]
+* [[Matt Hayes]] &ndash;  Matthew 'Matt' Hayes  is a renowned British angler
-* [[Frederic M. Halford]]
+* [[Charles Frederick Holder|Charles F. Holder]] &ndash; Charles Frederick Holder  was the inventor of big-game fishing and a founder of Pasadena's Tournament of Roses and the Tuna Club of Avalon on Santa Catalina Island.
-* [[Charles Hallock]]
+* [[Rex Hunt]] &ndash; Rex James Hunt  is an Australian television and radio personality, and a former Australian rules football player.
-* [[Matt Hayes]]
+* [[Billy Lane (angler)|Billy Lane]] &ndash;  Billy Lane  was an English angler and author.
-* [[Charles Frederick Holder|Charles F. Holder]]
+* [[Larry Larsen]] &ndash; Larry Larsen is a United States world-class freshwater sport fishermen and author.
-* [[Rex Hunt]]
+* [[Norman Maclean]] &ndash; Norman Fitzroy Maclean  was an American author and scholar noted for his books ''A River Runs Through It and Other Stories''  and ''Young Men and Fire'' .
-* [[Billy Lane (angler)|Billy Lane]]
+* [[Roland Martin (fisherman)|Roland Martin]] &ndash; Roland Martin is a professional sport fisherman.
-* [[Larry Larsen]]
+* [[Don Martinez]] &ndash;  Donald S.
-* [[Norman Maclean]]
+* [[Hank Parker]] &ndash; Hank Parker is a well-known professional bass fisherman in the United States.
-* [[Roland Martin (fisherman)|Roland Martin]]
+* [[James Prosek]] &ndash;  James Prosek  is an American artist, writer and naturalist.
-* [[Don Martinez]]
+* [[Skeet Reese]] &ndash; Skeet Reese is a professional sport fisherman of the B.A.S.S.
-* [[Hank Parker]]
+* [[Ernest Schwiebert]] &ndash;  Ernest George Schwiebert, Ph.D.
-* [[James Prosek]]
+* [[George Edward MacKenzie Skues|G. E. M. Skues]] &ndash; George Edward MacKenzie Skues, usually known as G.
-* [[Skeet Reese]]
+* [[Red Smith (sportswriter)|Red Smith]] &ndash; Walter Wellesley "Red" Smith  was an American sportswriter who rose to become one of America's most widely read sports columnists.
-* [[Ernest Schwiebert]]
+* [[Jakub Vágner]] &ndash;  Jakub Vágner <ref name="National Geo">[http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/fish-warrior National Geographic: Fish Warrior]</ref>     is a musician, television presenter and extreme angler specializing in travel and natural history. <ref>[http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110311/ENTERTAIN/110309939/-1/NEWSMAP South Coast Today: National Geographic reels in big catfish of lore]</ref>
-* [[George Edward MacKenzie Skues|G. E. M. Skues]]
+* [[Robert Venables]] &ndash;  Robert Venables , was a soldier during the English Civil War and noted angler.
-* [[Red Smith (sportswriter)|Red Smith]]
+* [[Jeremy Wade]] &ndash;  Jeremy John Wade
-* [[Jakub Vágner]]
+* [[Richard Walker (angler)|Richard Walker]] &ndash; Richard Stuart Walker  was an English angler.
-* [[Robert Venables]]
+* [[Izaak Walton]] &ndash; Izaak Walton  was an English writer.
-* [[Jeremy Wade]]
+* [[John Wilson (angler)|John Wilson]] &ndash;  John Wilson  is a British angler who has been involved with angling television production for the last 20 years featuring on Channel 4 Television and more recently on the digital TV channel, Discovery Real Time.
-* [[Richard Walker (angler)|Richard Walker]]
+* [[Babe Winkelman]] &ndash; Babe Winkelman is a world-renowned Minnesota-based professional fisherman, first coming into the national spotlight with "Babe Winkelman's Good Fishing" television program, which was first syndicated nationwide in the mid-1980s.
-* [[Izaak Walton]]
+* [[Philip Wylie]] &ndash; Philip Gordon Wylie  was a prolific American author on subjects ranging from pulp science fiction, mysteries, social diatribes and satire, to ecology and the threat of nuclear holocaust.
-* [[John Wilson (angler)|John Wilson]]
+* [[Chris Yates (fisherman)|Chris Yates]] &ndash;  Chris Yates is an angler, photographer, broadcaster, tea connoisseur, prolific writer with contributions to the Idler magazine and former Editor of ''Waterlog'' magazine. <ref>[http://redmirepool.biz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=30 Redmire Pool: History]</ref>    He is a celebrated British fisherman and former record holder with the capture of 51&nbsp;lb specimen carp from the famous Redmire pool .
-* [[Babe Winkelman]]
-* [[Philip Wylie]]
-* [[Chris Yates (fisherman)|Chris Yates]]
 === Fisheries scientists ===
+* [[Fisheries science]] &ndash; Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries.
-* [[Fisheries science]]
+* [[J. R. Hartley]] &ndash; J.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;Hartley is both the name of a fictional character and an author's pseudonym inspired by it.
-* [[J. R. Hartley]]
 == Fishing television  ==
-* [[Fishing television series|Fishing television]]
 === Documentaries ===
+* [[Deadliest Catch]] &ndash; ''Deadliest Catch'' is a documentary/reality television series produced by Original Productions for the Discovery Channel.
-* ''[[Deadliest Catch]]''
+* [[Lobstermen: Jeopardy at Sea]] &ndash; ''Lobstermen: Jeopardy at Sea'' is a multi-part documentary/reality show on the Discovery Channel chronicling the fall 2005 North Atlantic lobster fishing season aboard several fishing boats.
-* ''[[Lobstermen: Jeopardy at Sea]]''
+* [[Lobster Wars]] &ndash;  ''Lobster Wars'', also known as ''Deadliest Catch: Lobstermen'' in the United Kingdom, <ref>{{cite web|title = Discovery Channel Lobster wars episode guide|url=http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/lobster-wars/episode/episode.html|accessdate = 2007-08-28 }}</ref>    is a documentary television series on the Discovery Channel.
-* ''[[Lobster Wars]]''
+* [[Swords (TV series)|Swords]] &ndash; ''Swords: Life On the Line'' is a documentary television series produced by Original Productions for the Discovery Channel.
-* ''[[Swords (TV series)|Swords]]
 === Fishing television series ===
+* [[BassTech]] &ndash; ''BassTech'' is an English-language fishing television series that takes the ''Monster Garage'' sub-genre, and applies it to fishing vessels.
-* ''[[BassTech]]''
+* [[Beat Charlie Moore]] &ndash; ''Beat Charlie Moore:'' is an English-language fishing television series that airs on the World Fishing Network.
-* ''[[Beat Charlie Moore]]''
+* [[Bill Dance Outdoors]] &ndash;  ''Bill Dance Outdoors'' is a fishing television series hosted by retired professional tournament angler Bill Dance.
-* ''[[Bill Dance Outdoors]]''
+* [[FNC: Uncut]] &ndash; ''FNC: Uncut'' is an English-language fishing television series spun off ''Fish'n Canada'', that looks at "what goes on when the camera is supposedly off, to reveal arguments, practical jokes and the everyday life of a fishing celebrity."
-* ''[[FNC: Uncut]]''
+* [[Fishing Australia]] &ndash; ''Fishing Australia'' is an Australian fishing television program, produced by WIN Television.
-* ''[[Fishing Australia]]''
+* [[Fishing with John]] &ndash;  ''Fishing with John'' is a 1991 television series conceived, directed by and starring actor and musician John Lurie, which earned a cult following.
-* ''[[Fishing with John]]''
+* [[Fish Warrior]] &ndash;  ''Fish Warrior'' is a television series on National Geographic Channel hosted by Jakub Vágner. <ref>[http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110311/ENTERTAIN/110309939/-1/NEWSMAP South Coast Today: National Geographic reels in big catfish of lore]</ref>
-* ''[[Fish Warrior]]''
-* ''[[Hook, Line and Sinker (TV program)|Hook, Line and Sinker]]''
+* [[Hook, Line and Sinker (TV program)|Hook, Line and Sinker]] &ndash; Hook, Line and Sinker is an Australian fishing television program, produced by ''HLS Productions'' in Hobart, Tasmania and is hosted by Nick Duigan and Andrew Hart.
+* [[Lunkerville]] &ndash; Lunkerville is a television series dedicated to bass fishing enthusiasts across the U.S.A.
-* ''[[Lunkerville]]''
+* [[River Monsters]] &ndash; ''River Monsters'' is a documentary television series that airs on Animal Planet, hosted by Jeremy Wade and produced by Icon Films of Bristol, UK.
-* ''[[River Monsters]]''
+=== Other ===
+* [[World Fishing Network]] &ndash; World Fishing Network  is a Canadian English language Category B specialty channel owned by Insight Sports Ltd.
-=== Other ===
-* [[World Fishing Network]]
 == See also ==

Revision as of 00:42, 26 May 2012

Essence of fishing

Fishing tackle

Fish hooks

Fishing line

Fishing sinker

Fishing rod

Fishing bait

soft plastic bait

Fishing lures

Bite indicators

Apparel etc

Fishing techniques

Gathering

Spears

Lines

Nets

Traps

Other

Fishing vessels

Traditional fishing boats

The dory

Oyster boats =

Recreational fishing boats

History of fishing

Conflicts

Disasters and memorials

Historic fishing culture

Historic fishing villages

Historic fishing communities

Aquatic ecosystems

Aquatic ecosystems - General

Fresh water ecosystems

Ecoregions

Marine ecosystem

Marine life

Marine habitats

Issues

Other environemntal concerns regarding fishing

Fisheries

Fisheries science and wild fisheries

Fisheries science

Wild fisheries

Fisheries Management

Fisheries Management

Quotas

Sustainability

Conservation

Organisations

Related issues

Commercial fishing

Types of commerical fishing

Commercial fishing boats

Fishing by country

Recreational fishing

Angling topics

Angling and game fishing

The catch

Sport fish

Fly fishing

Artficial flies

Fly fishing organizations

Fly fishing literature

Apparel

Sport fish targets

Fly fishing targets

Sport fishing by location

Fly fishing waters

Fishing tournaments

Fishing organizations

Fishing personalities

Fisheries scientists

Fishing television

Documentaries

Fishing television series

Other

See also

References

External links

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