The evasive manoeuvre test (Swedish: Undanmanöverprov), more commonly known as the moose test or elk test (Swedish: Älgtest, German: Elchtest), is performed to determine how well a certain vehicle evades a suddenly appearing obstacle.

Forms of the test have been performed in Sweden since the 1970s.^[1] The colloquial and internationally better-known name for the test was coined in 1997 by the German Süddeutsche Zeitung after the Swedish motor magazine Teknikens Värld flipped a Mercedes-Benz A-Class in a test ostensibly made to measure the car's ability to avoid hitting a moose.

In reality, the test is rather constructed to simulate, for example, a reversing car or a child rushing out onto the road.^[2][3] This is because it is more likely that the moose will continue across the road than remain in place or turn back, making it more advisable to brake hard and try to slip behind the animal than to swerve in front of it.^[4]

Test specifications

The test is performed on a dry road surface. Traffic cones are set up in an S shape to simulate the obstacle, road, and road edges. The car to be tested has one belted person in each available seat and weights in the trunk to achieve maximum load.

When the driver comes onto the track, he or she quickly swerves into the oncoming lane to avoid the object and then immediately swerves back to avoid oncoming traffic. The test is repeated with an increased speed until the car skids, knocks down cones, or spins around. This usually happens at speeds of about 70–80 km/h (45–50 mph)

Criticism

There is lot of criticism regarding the moose test. Most of it are about the unreal an illogical set up which has nothing in common with how drivers behave in real life situation.

1. When there is a sudden object on the roads reaction of most people will hit the brakes. But the moose test is done without braking at all. The car behaves differently when braking, it's doesn't maneuver so easily and is more stiff, so the results with braking would be completely different.

2. When one drives on a real road, doing big dodge moves it often impossible without hitting something else. There is barrier on the side of the road to keep one from going out, other cars driving and counter traffic.

3. If there is space on road to make evasive dodge move, why there is such a big urge to return back your lane with new panic maneuver? One can very well continue to drive there until full stop. Since all cars which fail moose test fail when returning to their lane, it's unclear why such an action need to be performed ij the first place.

When analyzing accidents with animals or people suddenly jumping on the road. Is has been noticed that most drives do not perform any sort of evasive maneuver. They only apply the brakes. Therefore the scenario where the incident demonstrated in moose test is very unlikely and the whole test should be viewed as "nice to know" feature, and is mostly performed to advertise Swedish cars, such as Volvo, which surprisingly are superior only in this type of test.

1997 Mercedes A-Class test

On October 21 1997, the journalist Robert Collin from the motor magazine Teknikens Värld overturned the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class in the moose test, while a Trabant —a much older, and widely mocked car from the former East Germany— later managed it perfectly.^[5] In July 2005, the Dacia Logan appeared initially to fail the test, but a later investigation concluded that excessive testing had worn the car's tires to failure.

On the occasion of being interviewed for an article in the Süddeutsche Zeitung, Collin tried to explain this test by the example of an evasive maneuver for a moose on the road. It was soon called Elchtest (moose test).^[6]

Continued testing

Swedish automotive magazine Teknikens Värld tests "hundreds of cars every year"^[1] with the moose test. It publishes results from many years of moose testing on their web site^[7] It shows many cars and the speed they had on the moose testing track.

The term "Moose test" has become popular with German journalists in various meanings. For example, when the German national football team is scheduled for a friendly match (German: Freundschaftsspiel or Testspiel) against Sweden, the game might be called an Elchtest^{[citation needed]}.

The moose-crash test around the world

The moose is common in Sweden, Norway, Finland, northern Russia, Canada, and Alaska, but does not appear in Denmark or Germany. Because of its heavy weight and tall legs, collisions with moose are particularly dangerous for the persons in a car.

Both Volvo and Saab have a tradition of taking moose crashes into account when building cars.

The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute has developed a moose crash test dummy called "Mooses". The dummy (which is made with similar weight, centre of gravity and dimensions to a live moose) is used to recreate realistic moose collisions.

Australian car manufacturers use crash test kangaroo dummies for similar reasons.^[8]

See also

• Electronic stability control
• Tilt test (vehicle safety test)

References

External links

• Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute - Moose Crash Test Dummy
• Moose test - list of the fastest and slowest cars