The Honourable Joe Hockey MP
Treasurer of Australia
In office 18 September 2013 – 21 September 2015
Prime Minister	Tony Abbott Malcolm Turnbull
Deputy	Arthur Sinodinos Josh Frydenberg
Preceded by	Chris Bowen
Succeeded by	Scott Morrison
Manager of Opposition Business in the House
In office 2 December 2007 – 16 February 2009
Leader	Brendan Nelson Malcolm Turnbull
Preceded by	Anthony Albanese
Succeeded by	Christopher Pyne
Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations
In office 30 January 2007 – 3 December 2007
Prime Minister	John Howard
Preceded by	Kevin Andrews
Succeeded by	Julia Gillard
Minister for Human Services
In office 26 October 2004 – 30 January 2007
Prime Minister	John Howard
Preceded by	Jocelyn Newman
Succeeded by	Ian Campbell
Minister for Small Business and Tourism
In office 26 November 2001 – 26 October 2004
Prime Minister	John Howard
Preceded by	Ian Macfarlane
Succeeded by	Fran Bailey
Member of the Australian parliament for North Sydney
Incumbent
Assumed office 2 March 1996
Preceded by	Ted Mack
Personal details
Born	Joseph Benedict Hockey (1965-08-02) 2 August 1965 (age 58) North Sydney, Australia
Political party	Liberal Party
Other political affiliations	Coalition
Spouse	Melissa Babbage (1994–present)
Children	1 daughter 2 sons
Alma mater	University of Sydney

Joseph Benedict "Joe" Hockey (born 2 August 1965) is an Australian politician who has been the Member of Parliament for North Sydney since 1996. He was the Treasurer of Australia in the Abbott Government from 18 September 2013 until September 2015 when he resigned from Cabinet, when he refused an alternative offer from the incoming Prime Minister, Malcolm Turnbull.^[1][2] He previously served as the Minister for Human Services and Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations in the Howard Government.

Hockey remains in parliament but has stated he intends to resign "in due course"^[3]

Early life and career

Hockey was born in North Sydney to a Bethlehem-born Armenian-Palestinian father, Richard, and an Australian mother, Beverley. He has three elder siblings. His father's original surname, Hokeidonian, was anglicised to "Hockey" in 1948 after arriving in Australia.^[4][5]

Hockey attended St Aloysius' College, Milson's Point and the University of Sydney, residing at St John's College, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Laws. While at university he was President of the University of Sydney Students' Representative Council, and assisted in inviting Pope John Paul II to visit the University of Sydney during the 1986 Australian papal visit.^[4] In 1987, Hockey protested at Bob Hawkes' introduction of university fees.^[6] Hockey's term as SRC president, besides the protests, included the renovation of the club's headquarters, a cutback on the expenses of Honi Soit, the closure of the SRC Women's Room, but the opening of a free legal advice service.^[7] Towards the end of his term as SRC President, Labor's Deputy Prime Minister Lionel Bowen phoned Hockey and invited him to join the ALP. Hockey researched the philosophies of John Stuart Mill and decided to join the Liberal party.^[8] Upon graduating, Hockey worked as a banking and finance lawyer at Corrs Chambers Westgarth and subsequently as the Director of Policy to the Premier of New South Wales, before entering politics.

Political career

Hockey worked as a policy advisor to Premier John Fahey before the New South Wales state election, 1995.^[9]

When contesting the 1996 federal election, Hockey bought a bus which he painted in the colours of the North Sydney Bears, which had the effect of positioning Hockey as an Independent and showed Hockey's local ties. Hockey would park the bus everywhere in his electorate to raise awareness. Robert Orrell, Hockey's campaign manager in 1995, states that Hockey presented himself as a Liberal in "John Howard" areas like Lane Cove, but as an Independent in North Sydney and McMahons Point.^[10] Hockey's parents and business connections were also key to his success - his parents were well-liked locals who knew the area well, and his business connections allowed him to give umbrellas and other souvenirs to supporters and volunteers. A key issue in the 1996 federal election was the issue of aircraft noise: Laurie Brereton, the ALP transport minister, had closed east-west runways and opened north-south runways at Sydney airport, diverting aircraft noise from Labor seats to Liberal seats.^[11]

Hockey was elected to the Australian Parliament in 1996.^[12] He was appointed the chair of the Sydney Airport Community Forum.^[13] During this time, Hockey formed a friendship with Anthony Albanese, and Albanese took Hockey to his electorate to see the inequalities of the airport routing. Following this, Hockey worked to address inconsistencies in the airport noise amelioration program.^[14] Hockey, Chris Gallus and Susan Jeanes founded the short-lived John Stuart Mill Society to combat the conservative Lyons Forum.^[15] Hockey made his maiden speech in September 1996,^[16] highlighting modern liberalism,^[17] composed of recognition of the rights of the individual, parliamentary democracy, and committing to improve society through reform. Hockey highlighted his father's heritage,^[18] and highlighted barriers against women achieving success.^[17] He was awarded the Minister for Financial Services and Regulation portfolio from 1998–2001 and Minister for Small Business and Tourism (2001–04).^{[citation needed]}

In January 2000, Hockey had done an interview with the John Laws program about the GST, confirming the ACCC's position of businesses being able to round up or down the price of goods and services when needed. This caused controversy, and The Daily Telegraph printed a story that declared that voters could be charged more than the 10% GST promised.^[19]

When HIH Insurance went bankrupt in March 2001, Joe Hockey was the minister responsible for the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), which oversaw HIH. Although Hockey's office had sought written assurances from HIH that everything was fine, the public felt that Hockey was to blame. Upon learning that the estimated damages were between $4-$8 billion, Hockey took this to the Cabinet and sought a bail out. Costello advised that APRA should sort out HIH.^[20] After the collapse of HIH Insurance, Hockey became concerned about NRMA Insurance, and called Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), the ACCC, APRA and the Australian Taxation Office and instructed them to investigate NRMA Insurance thoroughly.^[21]

As part of his work as Tourism Minister, Hockey produced a White Paper analysing the tourism industry.^[22][23][24]

With the return of the Howard Government in 2004, he was appointed Minister for Human Services and was elevated to the Cabinet in January 2007, when appointed Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations.^{[citation needed]}

Hockey regularly appeared on the Seven Network's morning program Sunrise in the "Big Guns of Politics" section debating the Opposition Leader, Kevin Rudd, drawing 20,000-30,000 additional viewers who would tune in specifically for that segment,^[25] until the arrangement was mutually terminated on 16 April 2007 following controversy over plans to stage a pre-dawn Anzac Day service in Vietnam.^[26][27] Hockey credits this show for introducing him to an audience who had no interest in politics.^[25]

In December 2007, Hockey was made Shadow Minister for Health and Ageing and Manager of Opposition Business in the House. In September 2008 he became Shadow Minister for Finance, Competition Policy and Deregulation. He became Shadow Treasurer in February 2009 when Julie Bishop stepped down from the portfolio.^[28]

Prior to his appointment as Shadow Treasurer there had been a move to get Hockey to transfer to New South Wales State politics to replace Barry O'Farrell as state Liberal leader and lead the New South Wales Coalition to victory at the 2011 state election which would make Hockey the Premier of New South Wales. Hockey, however, denied any interest to move into New South Wales state politics.^[29]

The push to get Hockey into New South Wales state politics came to an end when he was promoted to Shadow Treasurer as that placed him within striking distance of becoming federal leader.^{[citation needed]}

Hockey's popularity among voters grew under the leadership of Malcolm Turnbull and, in October 2009, polls showed him as the preferred Liberal leader. However, Hockey announced that he had no intention to challenge for the leadership.^[30]

On 9 November 2009, Hockey gave a speech, "In Defence of God", at the Sydney Institute.

Australia has embraced religious diversity. It must always remain so, and as a member of parliament I am a custodian of that principle of tolerance. That is why it is disturbing to hear people rail against Muslims and Jews, or Pentecostals and Catholics. Australia must continue, without fear, to embrace diversity of faith provided that those gods are loving, compassionate and just."^[31][32]

A Newspoll released on 30 November 2009 placed Hockey at 33%, Turnbull at 30% and Abbott at 19%, when voters were asked who would be the "best person to lead" the Liberal Party.^[33][34] Speculation flourished that Hockey would challenge Turnbull for the leadership of the Liberal party, and Hockey consulted senior party dignitaries such as Howard and Costello about whether he should run.^[35]

Hockey faced a dilemma. A moderate in the Liberal Party, Hockey had been a consistent supporter of the ETS. Running against Turnbull would mean taking the leadership with the support of the party's right wing and climate change sceptics.^[36]

On 1 December 2009, Hockey chose to include his candidacy in a party room ballot to determine the leadership of the Liberal Party of Australia. The ballot was between Hockey, Malcolm Turnbull and Tony Abbott. Hockey was eliminated in the first round of the ballot, with the eventual winner being Abbott. Following the change of leadership, Hockey remained Shadow Treasurer.

He told ABC TV's Q&A audience on 7 March 2011 that corporate Australia had fallen behind in female boardroom representation and if companies failed to meet a reasonable target within a period of time then "more punitive measures" needed to be taken by parliament.^[37] He later said that "quotas must be a last resort".^[38]

Hockey gave a speech to the Grattan Institute on 11 March 2010 called "In Defence of Liberty".^[39]

Hockey gave a speech to the EIDOS Institute on 14 April 2010 called "In Defence of Enterprise".^[40]

Hockey gave a speech to the Sydney Institute on 9 March 2011 called "In Defence of Opportunity".^[41]

Hockey gave a speech to the University of New England on 27 July 2011 called "In Defence of Youth".^[42]

This series of speeches were seen as Hockey's bid for the Liberal leadership.^[43]

Biographer Madonna King points out "Australia’s Future Engagement in the Asian Century" (25 October 2011)^[44] and "The Future of Free Markets, Global Trade and Commerce" (7 December 2011)^[45] as other key speeches from this three year period of Joe Hockey trying to show what he stood for.^[46]

On 17 April 2012, Hockey gave a speech at the Institute of Economic Affairs in London. He warned Australians that the time to become self-sufficient was at hand and that the government could not afford to give "universal payments" to Australians.^[47] The speech was controversial in Australia,^[48] sparking discussion on the ABC Lateline program^[49] and an article in The Australian.^[48] The speech was said to change the public's perception of Hockey from "avuncular" to "hard-head".^[48] and foreshadowing Hockey's first budget.^[50] In 2014, the "end of the age of entitlement" was used to justify the government refusing financial assistance to Holden in South Australia and SPC Ardmona in Victoria and explaining why they could not participate in Barnaby Joyce's proposal for a bail out of farmers.^[51][52] Hockey's approach has been described by sociology lecturer Verity Archer as being like Nixon's, "using claims of a budget emergency" to cut welfare.^[53]

On 26 April 2012, Hockey gave a speech, "The Future of Australian Diversity", at the Islamic Council of Victoria. "To judge Islam based on the actions of extremists and terrorists would be no different than judging Christianity on the actions of those who have over the centuries committed atrocities in the name of Christianity."^[54]

Hockey delivered the 2014 budget and 2015 budget.

Following the successful 2015 Liberal leadership spill, there was growing speculation that the new Prime Minister, Malcolm Turnbull, would not reappoint him as Treasurer in his new government. Although Turnbull offered Hockey a different role in his government, Hockey declined and on 20 September 2015 announced his intention to leave Parliament. He remains in parliament but is set to quit and become Ambassador of Australia to the United States when Kim Beazley's term ends in December 2015, which would trigger a North Sydney by-election.^[3]

Personal life

Hockey met Melissa Babbage, his future wife, in 1991 at a Young Liberals state convention.^[55] In 1994, Hockey married Babbage, an investment banker, later head of foreign exchange and global finance at Deutsche Bank. The couple has three children and they live in Hunters Hill, New South Wales.^[56][57] He has walked the Kokoda Track^[58] and has climbed Mount Kilimanjaro to raise funds for medical equipment.^[59] Hockey and his wife own a 200 hectare cattle farm in Malanda, near Cairns, Queensland. In 2012 he lost more than 20 kg following gastric sleeve surgery.^[60]

In 2014 Hockey launched defamation proceedings against Fairfax Media over an article published in its newspapers, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Age and The Canberra Times, titled Treasurer for sale,^[61] which he said falsely implied that he accepted bribes paid to influence his decisions and that he corruptly sold privileged access to a select group of Liberal Party donors. A trial was held to determine whether the allegations were defensible in March 2015 in the NSW Supreme Court before Justice Richard White, where Hockey argued that false allegations of the nature contained in the article, and the conduct of Fairfax during the proceedings, evidenced a malicious intent to smear his otherwise good reputation and consequently would justify the award of aggravated damages. In June 2015, the judge partially ruled in favour of Hockey, ruling that where the headline had been seen without the article, it was defamatory, and awarded Hockey $200,000 in damages.^[62] Fairfax was ordered to pay 15% of Hockey's court costs.^[63]

See also

• Access Card (Australia) - a proposal by Hockey during his time as Human Services Minister.

References

External links

• Official website
• Profile at TheyVoteForYou.org.au

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