^The classicized consonant [q] only occurs in Classical Arabic borrowings and proper nouns.
^The rhotic consonant is in free variation between a flap [ɾ] and a trill [r].
^The phonemes /p/, /v/, and /ʒ/ are only found in loanwords and they can be pronounced as /b/, /f/, and /ʃ/ respectively depending on the speaker.
^ ab[ɪ~e] and [i] are allophones of the phoneme /i/. Word initial and medial /i/ in stressed syllables typically varies across [ɪ~e], but it is strictly [i] at the end of words, in unstressed syllables.
^ ab[ʊ~o] and [u] are allophones of the phoneme /u/. Word initial and medial /u/ in stressed syllables typically varies across [ʊ~o], but it varies [u~ʊ~o] in final positions.