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{{Infobox former country
{{Infobox monastery
|native_name = ''Reichsabtei Zwiefalten''
| name = Zwiefalten Abbey
| native_name = Kloster Zwiefalten, Abtei Zwiefalten, Reichsabtei Zwiefalten
|conventional_long_name = Zwiefalten Abbey
| native_name_lang = [[Swabian German]]
|common_name = Zwiefalten
| image = File:Zwiefalten Muenster.jpg
|
|continent = Europe
| alt =
|region = Central Europe
| caption = Interior of the abbey
|country = Germany
| full =
| other_names =
|era = Middle Ages
|status = Abbey
| order =
| established = 1089
|empire = Holy Roman Empire
| disestablished = 1802
|government_type = Theocracy
| nodislink =
|
|year_start = 1750
| mother =
|year_end = 1802
| dedication =
| diocese =
|
|event_pre = Founded
| churches =
|date_pre = 1089
| founder = [[William of Hirsau]]
|event_start = Raised to ''[[Reichsabtei]]''
| abbot =
|date_start =
| prior =
| archbishop =
|event_end = [[German Mediatisation|Secularised and dissolved]]
|date_end = 25 November
| bishop =
| archdeacon =
|event_post = [[Confederation of the Rhine|Collapse of HRE]]
|date_post = 12 July 1806
| people =
⚫
| status =
|
| functional_status =
|p1 = Duchy of Württemberg
| heritage_designation =
|image_p1 = [[File:Wuerttemberg Arms.svg|20px|alt=]]
| designated_date =
|s1 = Duchy of Württemberg
| architect =
|image_s1 = [[File:Wappen Herzogtum Württemberg.svg|20px|alt=]]
| style = [[Baroque]]
|
| groundbreaking =
⚫
|image_coat =
| completed_date =
|image_map = Zwiefalten Abbey.png
| construction_cost =
|image_map_caption = Zwiefalten Abbey, shown with the [[Danube]] running across the frame, [[longitude|9°30′E]] running vertically, [[latitude|48°N]] at the bottom of the frame and 48°30′N at the top.
| location =
|
|capital = Zwiefalten
| map_type =
| latitude =
|latd=48 |latm=14 |latNS=N |longd=9 |longm=28 |longEW=E
| longitude =
|
| latd = 48
|common_languages = [[Swabian German]]; [[Latin]]
|religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| latm = 14
| lats =
|
|title_leader = Abbot
| latNS = N
|leader1 = William of Hirsau
| longd = 9
|year_leader1 = Founder
| longm = 28
|leader2 = Noker von Zwiefalten
| longs =
|year_leader2 = ''ca'' 1065–90 (First abbot)
| longEW =E
| iso_region =
|leader3 = [[:de:Christoph Raßler|Christoph Rassler]]
| coordinates_display =
|year_leader3 = 1658–75
|leader4 = Augustin Stegmüller
| coord =
|year_leader4 = 18th century
| oscoor =
| remains =
| public_access =
| other_info =
}}
}}
'''Zwiefalten Abbey''' ({{lang-de|'''Kloster Zwiefalten''', '''Abtei Zwiefalten'''}} or after 1750, {{lang|de|'''Reichsabtei Zwiefalten'''}}) was a [[Benedictine Order|Benedictine]] monastery situated at [[Zwiefalten]] near [[Reutlingen]] in [[Baden-Württemberg]] in [[Germany]].
'''Zwiefalten Abbey''' ({{lang-de|'''Kloster Zwiefalten''', '''Abtei Zwiefalten'''}} or after 1750, {{lang|de|'''Reichsabtei Zwiefalten'''}}) was a [[Benedictine Order|Benedictine]] monastery situated at [[Zwiefalten]] near [[Reutlingen]] in [[Baden-Württemberg]] in [[Germany]].


== History ==
== History ==
The monastery was founded in 1089 at the time of the [[Investiture Controversy]] by Counts Gero and Kuno of [[Eningen|Achalm]], advised by Bishop [[Adalbero of Würzburg]] and Abbot [[William of Hirsau]]. The first monks were also from [[Hirsau Abbey]], home of the [[Hirsau Reforms]] (under the influence of the [[Cluniac Reforms|Cluniac reforms]]), which strongly influenced the new foundation.
The monastery was founded in 1089 at the time of the [[Investiture Controversy]] by Counts Gero and Kuno of [[Eningen|Achalm]], advised by Bishop [[Adalbero of Würzburg]] and Abbot [[William of Hirsau]]. The first monks were also from [[Hirsau Abbey]], home of the [[Hirsau Reforms]] (under the influence of the [[Cluniac Reforms|Cluniac reforms]]), which strongly influenced the new foundation. Noker von Zwiefalten was the first abbot and led from 1065–90.


Although [[Pope Urban VI]] granted special privileges to it, Zwiefalten Abbey was nevertheless the private monastery of the Counts of Achalm, later succeeded by the [[Rulers of Württemberg|Counts of Württemberg]].
Although [[Pope Urban VI]] granted special privileges to it, Zwiefalten Abbey was nevertheless the private monastery of the Counts of Achalm, later succeeded by the [[Rulers of Württemberg|Counts of Württemberg]].


The abbey was plundered in 1525 during the [[German Peasants' War]].
The abbey was plundered in 1525 during the [[German Peasants' War]].

[[:de:Christoph Raßler|Christoph Rassler]] was abbot from 1658–75 and Augustin Stegmüller was abbot in the 18th century.


In 1750 the abbey was granted the status of ''[[Reichsabtei]]'', which meant that it had the status of an independent power subject only to the Imperial Crown and was free of the rule of Württemberg.
In 1750 the abbey was granted the status of ''[[Reichsabtei]]'', which meant that it had the status of an independent power subject only to the Imperial Crown and was free of the rule of Württemberg.
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== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
{{Commons and category|Zwiefalten|Abtei Zwiefalten}}
{{Commons category|Münster Unserer Lieben Frau (Zwiefalten)|Minster of Our Lady, Zwiefalten Abbey}}
{{Gallery
{{Gallery
| lines = 3 |width=150
| lines = 3 |width=150
Line 73: Line 78:
|File:Zwiefalten Abtei.jpg|Exterior of the abbey
|File:Zwiefalten Abtei.jpg|Exterior of the abbey
|File:Germany Zwiefalten Münster Nebuchadnezzer and Zedekiah.jpg|[[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadnezzar]] battles [[Zedekiah|King Zedekiah]] of [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]], who holds a plan of [[Jerusalem]]
|File:Germany Zwiefalten Münster Nebuchadnezzer and Zedekiah.jpg|[[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadnezzar]] battles [[Zedekiah|King Zedekiah]] of [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]], who holds a plan of [[Jerusalem]]
|File:Zwiefalten Muenster.jpg|Interior of the abbey
|File:Zwiefalten Muenster Deckengemaelde.jpg|Ceiling fresco in the abbey
|File:Zwiefalten Muenster Deckengemaelde.jpg|Ceiling fresco in the abbey
}}
}}

Revision as of 02:54, 6 November 2014

Zwiefalten Abbey
Kloster Zwiefalten, Abtei Zwiefalten, Reichsabtei Zwiefalten
Interior of the abbey
Monastery information
Established1089
Disestablished1802
People
Founder(s)William of Hirsau
Architecture
StyleBaroque

Zwiefalten Abbey (German: Kloster Zwiefalten, Abtei Zwiefalten or after 1750, Reichsabtei Zwiefalten) was a Benedictine monastery situated at Zwiefalten near Reutlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

History

The monastery was founded in 1089 at the time of the Investiture Controversy by Counts Gero and Kuno of Achalm, advised by Bishop Adalbero of Würzburg and Abbot William of Hirsau. The first monks were also from Hirsau Abbey, home of the Hirsau Reforms (under the influence of the Cluniac reforms), which strongly influenced the new foundation. Noker von Zwiefalten was the first abbot and led from 1065–90.

Although Pope Urban VI granted special privileges to it, Zwiefalten Abbey was nevertheless the private monastery of the Counts of Achalm, later succeeded by the Counts of Württemberg.

The abbey was plundered in 1525 during the German Peasants' War.

Christoph Rassler was abbot from 1658–75 and Augustin Stegmüller was abbot in the 18th century.

In 1750 the abbey was granted the status of Reichsabtei, which meant that it had the status of an independent power subject only to the Imperial Crown and was free of the rule of Württemberg.

On 25 November 1802, however, it was secularised and dissolved and became a lunatic asylum and later psychiatric hospital, which it is today, as well as the site of the Württemberg Psychiatry Museum.

Buildings

The present buildings were constructed in German Baroque style from 1739–47 under the direction of Johann Michael Fischer (1692–1766) of Munich, who began overseeing the work in 1741. The interior, considered a model of Baroque design, is filled with ornate chapels and gilded balustrades, dominated by the high altar, which combines a Gothic statue of the Virgin Mary dating from 1430 with Baroque additions (dating from about 1750) by Johann Joseph Christian (1706–77). The elaborate frescoes are by Franz Joseph Spiegler (1691–1757).[1]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Germany: A Phaidon Cultural Guide, pp. 775-6. Oxford: Phaidon, 1985. ISBN 0-7148-2354-6

48°13′55″N 9°27′41″E / 48.23194°N 9.46139°E / 48.23194; 9.46139

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F632643583

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