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{{Short description|2018 disaster in Indonesia}} |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Sinking of MV ''Sinar Bangun''}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Sinking of MV ''Sinar Bangun''}} |
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{{use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} |
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} |
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* Captain and crew were arrested |
* Captain and crew were arrested |
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| reported injuries = 21<ref name="kompas_final_numbers">{{ |
| reported injuries = 21<ref name="kompas_final_numbers">{{cite web|title=Data Terbaru, Penumpang KM Sinar Bangun 188, Sebanyak 164 Hilang|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/06/26/10354301/data-terbaru-penumpang-km-sinar-bangun-188-sebanyak-164-hilang|work=Kompas|accessdate=28 June 2018|date=26 June 2018|author=Medan, Mei Leandha|language=id}}</ref> |
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| reported death(s) = 3 confirmed<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/06/20/19420761/hari-ini-3-korban-tewas-km-sinar-bangun-ditemukan|title=Hari Ini, 3 Korban Tewas KM Sinar Bangun Ditemukan |date=20 June 2018 |work=[[Kompas]] |author=Sakina Rakhma Diah Setiawan|language=id}}</ref> |
| reported death(s) = 3 confirmed<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/06/20/19420761/hari-ini-3-korban-tewas-km-sinar-bangun-ditemukan|title=Hari Ini, 3 Korban Tewas KM Sinar Bangun Ditemukan |date=20 June 2018 |work=[[Kompas]] |author=Sakina Rakhma Diah Setiawan|language=id}}</ref> |
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| reported missing = 164 (presumed dead)<ref name="kompas_final_numbers"/> |
| reported missing = 164 (presumed dead)<ref name="kompas_final_numbers"/> |
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'''MV ''Sinar Bangun''''' sank on 18 June 2018 in [[Lake Toba]], [[North Sumatra]], Indonesia, during its trip from Simanindo Harbour in [[Samosir Island]] to Tiga Ras Harbour in [[Simalungun Regency]]. The ferry was carrying 188 passengers and crew. After the sinking, authorities immediately deployed search and rescue personnel to the area. |
'''MV ''Sinar Bangun''''' sank on 18 June 2018 in [[Lake Toba]], [[North Sumatra]], Indonesia, during its trip from Simanindo Harbour in [[Samosir Island]] to Tiga Ras Harbour in [[Simalungun Regency]]. The ferry was carrying 188 passengers and crew. After the sinking, authorities immediately deployed search and rescue personnel to the area. Twenty-one survivors were rescued, three bodies were found and 164 people were listed as missing and presumed dead. |
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⚫ | The Indonesian [[National Transportation Safety Committee]] concluded that the sinking was caused by overloading. The crews' decision to load the ferry to four times its capacity, combined with improper loading of passengers and cargo, caused the ferry to be severely unstable. High waves in the area then caused the critically unstable ferry to capsize. As escape routes were blocked by vehicles, many passengers were unable to escape and were thus trapped inside the ferry. |
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⚫ | The Indonesian [[National Transportation Safety Committee]] concluded that the sinking was caused by overloading. The crews' decision to load the ferry four times |
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==Sinking== |
==Sinking== |
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MV ''Sinar Bangun'' was travelling from Simanindo Harbour in [[Samosir Regency]] on the north of Samosir Island to Tiga Ras Harbour in [[Simalungun Regency]]. Officials stated that many of the passengers were tourists who had |
MV ''Sinar Bangun'' was travelling from Simanindo Harbour in [[Samosir Regency]] on the north of Samosir Island to Tiga Ras Harbour in [[Simalungun Regency]]. Officials stated that many of the passengers were tourists who had traveled with families to [[Lake Toba]], Indonesia's largest super-volcano lake. It was the holiday season in Indonesia, and the ferry was packed with passengers. Authorities stated that the ferry sank at around 17:00–17:30 local time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kapal Kayu Pengangkut 70 Orang Tenggelam di Danau Toba|url=http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2018/06/18/889928/kapal-kayu-pengangkut-70-orang-tenggelam-di-danau-toba|work=[[Metro TV (Indonesia)|Metro TV News]]|accessdate=20 June 2018|author=Farida Noris|date=18 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> The ferry was reportedly carrying more than four times the rated capacity of 43 passengers and was equipped with only 45 life jackets.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/indonesia-ferry-sinks-in-lake-toba-leaving-almost-200-missing-feared-dead/|title=Anger mounts, more than 190 missing after Indonesia ferry sinks|access-date=21 June 2018|work=[[CBS News]]|date=20 June 2018}}</ref> |
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Survivors stated that the winds were blowing hard and the waves were rough, with heavy rain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Diduga Overload, Kapal Motor Oleng lalu Terbalik|url=https://radartegal.com/berita-nasional/diduga-overload-kapal-motor-oleng-lalu-terbalik.23717.html|work=Radar Tegal|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref><ref name="Tragedi">{{cite web|last=Maulandy|first=Rizki Bayu Kencana|title=Tragedi Tenggelamnya KM Sinar Bangun di Danau Toba|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/3564742/tragedi-tenggelamnya-km-sinar-bangun-di-danau-toba?HouseAds&campaign=Rajut_News_STS1|work=[[Liputan 6]]|accessdate=21 June 2018|date=21 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
Survivors stated that the winds were blowing hard and the waves were rough, with heavy rain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Diduga Overload, Kapal Motor Oleng lalu Terbalik|url=https://radartegal.com/berita-nasional/diduga-overload-kapal-motor-oleng-lalu-terbalik.23717.html|work=Radar Tegal|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref><ref name="Tragedi">{{cite web|last=Maulandy|first=Rizki Bayu Kencana|title=Tragedi Tenggelamnya KM Sinar Bangun di Danau Toba|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/3564742/tragedi-tenggelamnya-km-sinar-bangun-di-danau-toba?HouseAds&campaign=Rajut_News_STS1|work=[[Liputan 6]]|accessdate=21 June 2018|date=21 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> Another survivor stated that the steering wheel snapped during the disaster. The ferry swayed once and immediately capsized to starboard. The sinking happened just 22 minutes after it had left the harbour. It happened so quickly that not a single passenger managed to wear life jackets. Passengers who were located on the top of the ferry immediately jumped onto the water. Survivors recalled that passengers were screaming and were fighting to get out of the ferry as quickly as possible, with multiple people crushed or trampled during the disaster.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba Saat Cuaca Buruk|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4072771/kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-saat-cuaca-buruk|work=[[detik.com|Detik]]|accessdate=20 June 2018|author=Resi Erlangga|date=18 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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A video taken during the disaster was uploaded to social media by a passenger of the ferry. The video shows that the ferry capsized entirely, and reveals that many passengers initially had survived the sinking. At least 50 |
A video taken during the disaster was uploaded to social media by a passenger of the ferry. The video shows that the ferry capsized entirely, and reveals that many passengers initially had survived the sinking. At least 50 to 60 survivors are seen in the video clinging onto the hull, while others are swept away; screaming and crying can be heard. The video also shows that the passengers did not use life jackets or any other life-saving equipment.<ref>{{cite web|title=KM Sinar Bangun Tenggelam di Danau Toba, 39 Penumpang Dicari|url=https://video.tempo.co/read/10871/km-sinar-bangun-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-39-penumpang-dicari|work=[[Tempo (Indonesian magazine)|Tempo]]|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=19 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> Another video taken by a passenger of a passing ferry shows that MV ''Sinar Bangun'' had fully submerged and that the number of survivors had decreased significantly; fewer than 30 survivors can be seen, and no survivors are seen clinging to the hull.<ref>{{cite web|title=VIDEO - Korban Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba Berenang, Ini Rekamannya|url=https://indopos.co.id/read/2018/06/18/141543/video-korban-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-berenang-ini-rekamannya|work=Indo Pos|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=18 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> On its final report, it was revealed that those who were seen clinging onto the hull were later struck by another massive wave, drowning dozens of people. Meanwhile, some of those who were seen floating around the hull later drowned due to exhaustion.<ref name="Final">{{cite web|trans-title=Final Report|url=https://knkt.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_maritime/Laut/2018/FINAL%20KNKT-18-06-18-03%20Sinar%20Bangun%204-Final%20PrintA.pdf|publisher=KNKT|title=Laporan Investigasi Kecelakaan Pelayaran Tenggelamnya ''Sinar Bangun 4'' Perairan Danau Toba Pelabuhan Tigaras, Simalungun Sumatera Utara Republik Indonesia|language=id}}</ref> |
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If the missing are confirmed dead, this will be the deadliest maritime disaster in Indonesia since the sinking of |
If the missing are confirmed dead, this will be the deadliest maritime disaster in Indonesia since the [[Sinking of MV Teratai Prima|sinking of MV ''Teratai Prima'']] in 2009, in which more than 300 perished.<ref>{{cite web|title=Over 193 feared dead in another Indonesian ferry disaster|url=http://news.ragingtopics.com/2018/06/23/over-193-feared-dead-in-another-indonesian-ferry-disaster/|website=Raging Topics|accessdate=23 June 2018|date=23 June 2018|first=John|last=Harris|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623221932/http://news.ragingtopics.com/2018/06/23/over-193-feared-dead-in-another-indonesian-ferry-disaster/|archivedate=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gelling|first=Peter|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/13/world/asia/13indo.html|title=250 Feared Dead In Indonesia Ferry Disaster|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=23 June 2018|date=12 January 2009}}</ref> |
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==Passengers and crew== |
==Passengers and crew== |
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As there was no [[passenger manifest]], it is not clear how many people were actually on board.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kapal yang Tenggelam di Danau Toba Tak Punya Manifes|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/4073024/kapal-yang-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-tak-punya-manifes|work=Detik|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=19 June 2018|author=Resi Erlangga|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Simpang Siur Data Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba Akibat Tanpa Manifes|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/4073786/simpang-siur-data-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-akibat-tanpa-manifes|work=Detik|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=19 June 2018|first1=Ray|last1=Jordan|first2=Audrey|last2=Santoso|first3=Resi|last3=Erlangga|language=id}}</ref> Initially, around 80 |
As there was no [[Manifest (transportation)|passenger manifest]], it is not clear how many people were actually on board.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kapal yang Tenggelam di Danau Toba Tak Punya Manifes|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/4073024/kapal-yang-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-tak-punya-manifes|work=Detik|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=19 June 2018|author=Resi Erlangga|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Simpang Siur Data Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba Akibat Tanpa Manifes|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/4073786/simpang-siur-data-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-akibat-tanpa-manifes|work=Detik|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=19 June 2018|first1=Ray|last1=Jordan|first2=Audrey|last2=Santoso|first3=Resi|last3=Erlangga|language=id}}</ref> Initially, around 80 to 100 were thought to be aboard the ferry. The number was later revised to 70. However, as authorities asked the public to report any missing relatives suspected to be passengers of the ferry, the number rose to 94. The number continued to rise and as of 19 June 2018, 145 people were reported missing. The names of 41 people were publicly posted at Simanindo Harbour, while the other 104 names were posted at Tiga Ras Harbour. Officials then confirmed that 128 people and 50 vehicles were aboard the ferry, and added that the data may change.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tragedi Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba, 145 Orang Hilang|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2018/06/19/tragedi-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-145-orang-hilang|work=Tribun News|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=19 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> Meanwhile, survivors claimed that around 200 people and 100 motorbikes were on board.<ref>{{cite web|title=Selamat Usai Pegang Helm Saat Berada di Tengah Danau, Kesaksian Korban Kapal Tenggelam|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2018/06/20/selamat-usai-pegang-helm-saat-berada-di-tengah-danau-kesaksian-korban-kapal-tenggelam|work=Tribun News|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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On 20 June 2018, the [[National Search and Rescue Agency]] confirmed that a total of 166 people were reported |
On 20 June 2018, the [[National Search and Rescue Agency]] confirmed that a total of 166 people were reported missing.<ref>{{cite web|title=KM Sinar Bangun Karam, Satu Orang Tewas 166 Orang Masih Hilang|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2018/06/20/km-sinar-bangun-karam-satu-orang-tewas-166-orang-masih-hilang|work=Tribun News|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> Later in the afternoon, the number of people reported as missing reached 192.<ref>{{cite web|title=Basarnas: Ada 192 Laporan Korban Sinar Bangun di Danau Toba|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20180620175817-20-307575/basarnas-ada-192-laporan-korban-sinar-bangun-di-danau-toba|work=[[CNN Indonesia]]|accessdate=20 June 2018|author=Dhio Faiz|date=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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On 26 June, officials finally finalized the total number of passengers, crew and vehicles on board MV ''Sinar Bangun''. The official list stated that there were 188 people on board the ferry, with 164 |
On 26 June, officials finally finalized the total number of passengers, crew, and vehicles on board MV ''Sinar Bangun''. The official list stated that there were 188 people on board the ferry, with 164 listed as missing.<ref name="kompas_final_numbers"/> Among the missing were 18 members of a single family.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ini Kesaksian Korban Selamat dari KM Sinar Bangun|url=https://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/497324-ini-kesaksian-korban-selamat-dari-km-sinar-bangun.html|publisher=Berita Satu|date=19 June 2018|accessdate=13 February 2019|language=id}}</ref> |
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==Search and rescue== |
==Search and rescue== |
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[[File:Sinar Bangun Position.jpg|800px|thumb|center|The Indonesian National Search and Rescue Agency published the map of the last known position of MV Sinar Bangun]] |
[[File:Sinar Bangun Position.jpg|800px|thumb|center|The Indonesian National Search and Rescue Agency published the map of the last known position of MV ''Sinar Bangun'']] |
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===18 June=== |
===18 June=== |
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The first vessel that managed to reach the site of the disaster was the MV ''Sumut II'' [[Roll-on/roll-off|RORO vessel]]. It managed to rescue and evacuate 3 people from the site. |
The first vessel that managed to reach the site of the disaster was the MV ''Sumut II'' [[Roll-on/roll-off|RORO vessel]]. It managed to rescue and evacuate 3 people from the site. Fifteen minutes later, MV ''Sumut I'' and MV ''Sinta Dame II'' arrived at the site. MV ''Sumut I'' rescued 14 survivors and the latter managed to evacuate 1 survivor and 1 dead body. At 17:40 local time, the Indonesian [[National Search and Rescue Agency]] was informed about the disaster.<ref name="Final"/> A joint search and rescue team was assembled and deployed in the area, consisting of the National Search and Rescue Agency, the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces|National Armed Forces]], regional and local government officials, the [[Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics|Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics]], and the regional [[Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management|Disaster Management Board]]. The site of the sinking is {{convert|2|nmi|km mi|spell=in}} from the harbour. Eighteen people were found to have survived the sinking.<ref>{{cite web|title=18 Korban kapal tenggelam di Danau Toba ditemukan selamat, 3 tewas, 192 masih hilang|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/18-korban-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-ditemukan-selamat-3-tewas-192-masih-hilang.html|work=Merdeka|accessdate=21 June 2018|date=20 June 2018|author=Nur Habibie|language=id}}</ref> The first victim of the disaster was identified as Tri Suci Wulandari, a student from [[Aceh Tamiang Regency|Aceh Tamiang]], [[Aceh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=KM Sinar Bangun Tenggelam di Danau Toba, Berikut Daftar Korban|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1099063/km-sinar-bangun-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-berikut-daftar-korban|work=Tempo|accessdate=21 June 2018|date=19 June 2018|author=Dewi Nurita|language=id}}</ref> Helicopters and ferries were deployed by authorities. The survivors were transported to Simarmata Community Health Center, Hadrinus Sinaga Regional Hospital, and Dolok Padarmean Community Health Center.<ref>{{cite web|last=Utama|first=Abraham|title=Belasan korban kapal tenggelam di Danau Toba ditemukan, lebih dari 180 hilang|url=http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-44536888|work=BBC News|accessdate=20 June 2018|date=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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===19 June=== |
===19 June=== |
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Search and Rescue Mission Coordinator divided the joint search and rescue team into 2 groups. Officials stated that 350 personnel were deployed to assist the search and rescue operation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba, Peringatan BMKG Diabaikan|url=https://fokus.tempo.co/read/1099305/kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-peringatan-bmkg-diabaikan/|work=Tempo|accessdate=20 June 2018|author=Dewi Rina Cahyani|date=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> The rescue operation was hampered by bad weather<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuaca Buruk Hambat Pencarian Korban Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/4072812/cuaca-buruk-hambat-pencarian-korban-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba|work=Detik|accessdate=20 June 2018|author=Erlangga Resi|date=18 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> and lack of equipment. Personnel from [[Jakarta]] were called. Personal belongings were retrieved from the water |
Search and Rescue Mission Coordinator divided the joint search and rescue team into 2 groups. Officials stated that 350 personnel were deployed to assist the search and rescue operation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba, Peringatan BMKG Diabaikan|url=https://fokus.tempo.co/read/1099305/kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-peringatan-bmkg-diabaikan/|work=Tempo|accessdate=20 June 2018|author=Dewi Rina Cahyani|date=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> The rescue operation was hampered by bad weather<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuaca Buruk Hambat Pencarian Korban Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/4072812/cuaca-buruk-hambat-pencarian-korban-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba|work=Detik|accessdate=20 June 2018|author=Erlangga Resi|date=18 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> and a lack of equipment. Personnel from [[Jakarta]] were called. Personal belongings were retrieved from the water; however, neither victims nor survivors were found.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2018/06/19/petugas-temukan-ktp-jaket-hingga-tas-korban-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba|title=Petugas Temukan KTP, Jaket, hingga Tas Korban Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba|date=19 June 2018|work=Tribun News|accessdate=8 July 2018|language=id}}</ref> The search and rescue operation was called off. In the late evening of 19 June, a [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130 Hercules]] carrying multiple personnel and advanced equipment arrived at [[Silangit International Airport|Silangit Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Anggota Marinir dan Basarnas dari Jakarta Bantu Pencarian Korban Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2018/06/19/anggota-marinir-dan-basarnas-dari-jakarta-bantu-pencarian-korban-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba|work=Tribun News|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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===20 June=== |
===20 June=== |
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At least seven ships were deployed by the command center.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/06/20/08353131/cari-korban-km-sinar-bangun-hingga-25-juni-tujuh-kapal-dikerahkan|title=Cari Korban KM Sinar Bangun hingga 25 Juni, Tujuh Kapal Dikerahkan |
At least seven ships were deployed by the command center.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/06/20/08353131/cari-korban-km-sinar-bangun-hingga-25-juni-tujuh-kapal-dikerahkan|title=Cari Korban KM Sinar Bangun hingga 25 Juni, Tujuh Kapal Dikerahkan|publisher=Kompas Cyber Media|date=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> The search area was widened to {{convert|3.6| sqkm}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tujuh Kapal Dikerahkan Cari Korban hingga Radius 3,6 Km dari Titik Tenggelam|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2018/06/20/tujuh-kapal-dikerahkan-cari-korban-hingga-radius-36-km-dari-titik-tenggelam|work=Tribun News|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> Divers were dispatched to Lake Toba. By the evening, search and rescue recovered more bodies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sisir Lokasi Tenggelamnya Kapal, Empat Jenazah Ditemukan|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2018/06/20/sisir-lokasi-tenggelamnya-kapal-empat-jenazah-ditemukan|work=Tribun News|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> Authorities stated that the other bodies were most likely trapped inside the wreckage of the ferry.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hidayat|first=Fariq|title=Penumpang KM Sinar Bangun di Danau Toba Diduga Terjebak di Kapal|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/4074594/penumpang-km-sinar-bangun-di-danau-toba-diduga-terjebak-di-kapal|work=Detik|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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<!---this information is at odds with most sources that say that as of 28 June, 2018, only 3 bodies have been recovered---> |
<!---this information is at odds with most sources that say that as of 28 June, 2018, only 3 bodies have been recovered---> |
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Officials from the National Search and Rescue Agency stated that the rescue operation would be conducted for seven days. Minister of Transportation [[Budi Karya Sumadi]] stated that the search and rescue operation would be extended to ten days if necessary.<ref>{{cite web|title=Menhub: Kapasitas Kapal yang Tenggelam di Danau Toba Hanya untuk 43 Orang|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/3564698/menhub-kapasitas-kapal-yang-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-hanya-untuk-43-orang|work=Liputan 6|accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> |
Officials from the National Search and Rescue Agency stated that the rescue operation would be conducted for seven days. Minister of Transportation [[Budi Karya Sumadi]] stated that the search and rescue operation would be extended to ten days if necessary.<ref>{{cite web|title=Menhub: Kapasitas Kapal yang Tenggelam di Danau Toba Hanya untuk 43 Orang|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/3564698/menhub-kapasitas-kapal-yang-tenggelam-di-danau-toba-hanya-untuk-43-orang|work=Liputan 6|accessdate=21 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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===21 June=== |
===21 June=== |
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[[File:ROV Sinar Bangun.jpg|thumb|Members of the Indonesian National Search and Rescue Agency lowered an ROV to search the wreckage of MV Sinar Bangun]] |
[[File:ROV Sinar Bangun.jpg|thumb|Members of the Indonesian National Search and Rescue Agency lowered an ROV to search the wreckage of MV ''Sinar Bangun'']] |
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The search area was widened to 15 |
The search area was widened to {{convert|15|sqkm}} to the east, as a projection made by the Indonesian BMKG predicted that the current would carry the passengers and crews to the east. Ten boats were deployed to the search area.<ref name="Final"/> |
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===22 June=== |
===22 June=== |
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Lake Toba is known to be up to {{convert|500|m}} deep in many places; however, depth traces by the search team indicated depths of up to {{convert|1600|m}}, which is far beyond the {{convert|350|m|adj=on}} maximum working depth of the deployed Remote Observation Vehicle, and no traces of the ship were found. Separate sonar tools, effective up to {{convert|600|m}}, also showed the lake was deeper than 600 metres. As a result, a {{convert|2000|m|adj=on}} sonar tool was ordered to be sent to the area.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://medan.tribunnews.com/2018/06/22/mengejutkan-kedalaman-danau-toba-capai-1600-meter-km-sinar-bangun-belum-terdeteksi |title=Mengejutkan Kedalaman Danau Toba 1.600 Meter, KM Sinar Bangun dan 184 Orang Belum Terdeteksi |last=Kahfi |first=M. Andimaz |date=22 June 2018 |access-date=23 June 2018 |work=Tribun News}}</ref> |
Lake Toba is known to be up to {{convert|500|m}} deep in many places; however, depth traces by the search team indicated depths of up to {{convert|1600|m}}, which is far beyond the {{convert|350|m|adj=on}} maximum working depth of the deployed Remote Observation Vehicle, and no traces of the ship were found. Separate sonar tools, effective up to {{convert|600|m}}, also showed the lake was deeper than 600 metres. As a result, a {{convert|2000|m|adj=on}} sonar tool was ordered to be sent to the area.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://medan.tribunnews.com/2018/06/22/mengejutkan-kedalaman-danau-toba-capai-1600-meter-km-sinar-bangun-belum-terdeteksi |title=Mengejutkan Kedalaman Danau Toba 1.600 Meter, KM Sinar Bangun dan 184 Orang Belum Terdeteksi |last=Kahfi |first=M. Andimaz |date=22 June 2018 |access-date=23 June 2018 |work=Tribun News|language=id}}</ref> |
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===23 June=== |
===23 June=== |
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The search area was widened again to 25 |
The search area was widened again to {{convert|25|sqkm}} to the east. A helicopter was deployed to assist in the search and rescue. Volunteers also searched for bodies or survivors on the shore. The Indonesian Navy was deployed to conduct an underwater sonar scan.<ref name="Final"/> |
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===24 June=== |
===24 June=== |
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Officials decided to widen the search area |
Officials decided to widen the search area to {{convert|10|sqkm}} to the east. In the evening, a meeting was held between authorities and family members to discuss whether the search and rescue effort should be continued or not. Both parties agreed to extend the search and rescue period to another 3 days. |
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===28 June=== |
===28 June=== |
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The Indonesian Search and Rescue Agency announced that their personnel had captured an object in their sonar image. The object was located at a depth of 450 |
The Indonesian Search and Rescue Agency announced that their personnel had captured an object in their sonar image. The object was located at a depth of {{convert|450|m|ft}}. The object was suspected to be the wreckage of the ferry. A salvage operation was conducted. Later in the evening, the Head of the Indonesian Search and Rescue Agency, Muhammad Syaugi, stated that an ROV spotted bodies and motorcycles in the surrounding area. Photos of the submerged motorcycles and the dead bodies were shown to the media.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jasad Korban KM Sinar Bangun Ditemukan di Kedalaman 450 Meter|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4088465/jasad-korban-km-sinar-bangun-ditemukan-di-kedalaman-450-meter|work=Detik|accessdate=28 June 2018|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Basarnas Cari Cara Angkat Korban KM Sinar Bangun dari Danau Toba|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4088606/basarnas-cari-cara-angkat-korban-km-sinar-bangun-dari-danau-toba|work=Detik|accessdate=28 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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===2 July=== |
===2 July=== |
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The government announced that the search would be stopped on 3 July. The reason is that the agency had found difficulties because Lake Toba's depth is more than {{convert|450|m|adj=on}} while at this time the agency only |
The government announced that the search would be stopped on 3 July. The reason is that the agency had found difficulties because Lake Toba's depth is more than {{convert|450|m|adj=on}} while at this time the agency only can search up to {{convert|200|m|adj=on}}. The victims' families had said that they were already letting go of their relatives.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/18/07/02/pb82kr354-besok-operasi-pencarian-km-sinar-bangun-akan-dihentikan|title=Besok, Operasi Pencarian KM Sinar Bangun akan Dihentikan|work=Republika Online|language=id}}</ref> |
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==Investigation== |
==Investigation== |
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Personnel from the [[National Transportation Safety Committee]] were sent by the [[Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia)|Ministry of Transportation]]. [[Indonesian National Police|Police]] confirmed that the weather at the time was bad, and added that it might have contributed to the cause of the disaster. They later added that, based on multiple accounts, the ferry might have been overloaded.<ref>{{cite web|title=Polisi Duga Insiden Kapal Karam di Danau Toba Kelebihan Muatan|url=https://www.indopos.co.id/read/2018/06/19/141559/polisi-duga-insiden-kapal-karam-di-danau-toba-kelebihan-muatan|work=Indo Pos|accessdate=20 June 2018}}</ref> |
Personnel from the [[National Transportation Safety Committee]] were sent by the [[Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia)|Ministry of Transportation]]. [[Indonesian National Police|Police]] confirmed that the weather at the time was bad, and added that it might have contributed to the cause of the disaster. They later added that, based on multiple accounts, the ferry might have been overloaded.<ref>{{cite web|title=Polisi Duga Insiden Kapal Karam di Danau Toba Kelebihan Muatan|url=https://www.indopos.co.id/read/2018/06/19/141559/polisi-duga-insiden-kapal-karam-di-danau-toba-kelebihan-muatan|work=Indo Pos|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics claimed that they had warned people twice to not board any boat or ferry, just hours before the disaster.<ref>{{cite web|last=Purba|first=David Oliver|title=BMKG Dua Kali Beri Peringatan Dini Sebelum KM Sinar Bangun Tenggelam di Danau Toba|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/06/20/05561961/bmkg-dua-kali-beri-peringatan-dini-sebelum-km-sinar-bangun-tenggelam-di|work=Kompas|accessdate=20 June 2018}}</ref> Two severe weather warnings had been issued by the agency. The first was issued |
The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics claimed that they had warned people twice to not board any boat or ferry, just hours before the disaster.<ref>{{cite web|last=Purba|first=David Oliver|title=BMKG Dua Kali Beri Peringatan Dini Sebelum KM Sinar Bangun Tenggelam di Danau Toba|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/06/20/05561961/bmkg-dua-kali-beri-peringatan-dini-sebelum-km-sinar-bangun-tenggelam-di|work=Kompas|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> Two severe weather warnings had been issued by the agency. The first was issued at 11:00 and the second was issued at 14:00.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tenggelamnya KM Sinar Bangun, BMKG Keluarkan Peringatan Dua Kali|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1099269/tenggelamnya-km-sinar-bangun-bmkg-keluarkan-peringatan-dua-kali|work=Tempo|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> They had warned that the weather in and around Lake Toba would deteriorate on that day. Records showed that there was a significant change in [[wind speed]]s during the disaster. Waves reaching as high as two metres were also recorded.<ref name="Menhub">{{cite web|title=Menhub: Kapal Seukuran KM Sinar Bangun Seharusnya Berkapasitas 43 Orang|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/06/20/16133511/menhub-kapal-seukuran-km-sinar-bangun-seharusnya-berkapasitas-43-orang|work=Kompas|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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Minister of Transportation Budi Karya Sumadi stated that the ferry was grossly overloaded. The ferry was identified as a 35 |
Minister of Transportation Budi Karya Sumadi stated that the ferry was grossly overloaded. The ferry was identified as a 35-tonage-type boat. He added that the ferry could only hold a maximum number of 43 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=Menhub Sebut KM Sinar Bangun Berkapasitas 43 Penumpang|url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1099382/menhub-sebut-km-sinar-bangun-berkapasitas-43-penumpang|work=Tempo|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> Reports stated that on the day of the disaster over 100 people had boarded the ferry.<ref name="Menhub"/> |
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President [[Joko Widodo]] ordered the Minister of Transportation to conduct an immediate evaluation of the safety of all ferry services.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jokowi Perintahkan Menhub Evaluasi Standar Keamanan Angkutan Penyeberangan|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/3564822/jokowi-perintahkan-menhub-evaluasi-standar-keamanan-angkutan-penyeberangan|work=Liputan 6|accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> |
President [[Joko Widodo]] ordered the Minister of Transportation to conduct an immediate evaluation of the safety of all ferry services.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jokowi Perintahkan Menhub Evaluasi Standar Keamanan Angkutan Penyeberangan|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/3564822/jokowi-perintahkan-menhub-evaluasi-standar-keamanan-angkutan-penyeberangan|work=Liputan 6|accessdate=21 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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The police opened an investigation into the ferry's fitness for operation. They found that the operator did not have a passenger manifest or a permit to operate the ferry service. It was later revealed that the ferry service was illegal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Menhub: KM Sinar Bangun Legal, tapi Pengoperasiannya Ilegal|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/3564798/menhub-km-sinar-bangun-legal-tapi-pengoperasiannya-ilegal|work=Liputan 6|accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> |
The police opened an investigation into the ferry's fitness for operation. They found that the operator did not have a passenger manifest or a permit to operate the ferry service. It was later revealed that the ferry service was illegal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Menhub: KM Sinar Bangun Legal, tapi Pengoperasiannya Ilegal|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/3564798/menhub-km-sinar-bangun-legal-tapi-pengoperasiannya-ilegal|work=Liputan 6|accessdate=21 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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The captain of the ferry, Situa Sagala, was arrested at his house at Simanindo on 18 June, the day of the sinking, having |
The captain of the ferry, Situa Sagala, was arrested at his house at Simanindo on 18 June, the day of the sinking, having crossed back across to the island by some other means of transportation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Polisi Tangkap Nakhoda Kapal Tenggelam di Danau Toba|url=https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1046730-polisi-tangkap-nakhoda-kapal-tenggelam-di-danau-toba|work=[[Visi Media Asia|VIVA.co.id]]|accessdate=21 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> In addition, three transport officials were also arrested as suspects.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-44599408|accessdate=27 June 2018|work=BBC Indonesia|date=25 June 2018|title=KM Sinar Bangun Toba: Empat jadi tersangka, termasuk tiga petugas Dinas Perhubungan|language=id}}</ref> |
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===Final report=== |
===Final report=== |
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On 19 November 2018, more than 5 months after the disaster, the Indonesian [[National Transportation Safety Committee]] published the final report of the investigation. They concluded that the disaster was caused by overloading. The first deck and the second deck of the ferry |
On 19 November 2018, more than 5 months after the disaster, the Indonesian [[National Transportation Safety Committee]] published the final report of the investigation. They concluded that the disaster was caused by overloading. The first deck and the second deck of the ferry were overly loaded with passengers. It was so crowded that dozens of passengers had to stand up while the ferry was en route to Simalungun. However, the presence of the third deck, which was located on top of the ferry and was used as a selfie spot, was a major factor in the capsizing. During the disaster, the third deck was heavily crowded. Calculations made by the NTSC revealed that due to this, the ferry could easily capsize as the [[righting moment]] of the ferry was small. While the ferry was en route to Simalungun, the weather deteriorated and high waves were produced. The high waves and the heavy wind that was blowing to the side of the ferry then caused the ferry to capsize.<ref name="Final"/> |
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Another factor contributing to the capsizing is the use of steel on the structure of the ferry. Most parts of the ferry were made of steel. Since steel is heavier than wood and since it was used for the third deck and on some parts of the ferry, the ferry becomes more unstable.<ref name="Final"/> |
Another factor contributing to the capsizing is the use of steel on the structure of the ferry. Most parts of the ferry were made of steel. Since steel is heavier than wood and since it was used for the third deck and on some parts of the ferry, the ferry becomes more unstable.<ref name="Final"/> |
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Investigators noted that the ferry was not equipped with sufficient life |
Investigators noted that the ferry was not equipped with sufficient life jackets. However, even if the ferry had been equipped with sufficient life jackets, NTSC stated that no one would have been able to wear them as the capsizing happened so quickly. Investigators noted that the ferry also didn't have sufficient emergency doors (there was only one emergency door on board) and that the vehicles were placed improperly on the ferry. The vehicles blocked the doors on the ferry, causing people to be trapped.<ref name="Final"/> |
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Further investigation revealed that the Captain was never trained properly. He also didn't know how to deal with an emergency. Deviation from regulations and insufficient supervision from local officials also contributed to the poor quality of the crew.<ref name="Final"/> |
Further investigation revealed that the Captain was never trained properly. He also didn't know how to deal with an emergency. Deviation from regulations and insufficient supervision from local officials also contributed to the poor quality of the crew.<ref name="Final"/> |
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The report also criticized the actions of the crews of MV ''Sumut II'' who, according to the report, didn't make a serious effort to save the survivors. Examination |
The report also criticized the actions of the crews of MV ''Sumut II'' who, according to the report, didn't make a serious effort to save the survivors. Examination of the video of the rescue operation showed that the crew of MV ''Sumut II'' had only managed to save three survivors even though the ship was still able to carry more survivors. At the time, dozens of survivors were still floating near the ship. The remaining survivors were later abandoned until the MV ''Sumut I'' and MV ''Sinta Dame II'' arrived at the site. Investigators noted that during this time, the number of survivors had decreased significantly as several survivors had drowned due to exhaustion.<ref name="Final"/> |
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==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
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[[File:Ritual Sinar Bangun.jpg|thumb|Relatives of the victims held a memorial service and threw flowers near the location of the sinking.]] |
[[File:Ritual Sinar Bangun.jpg|thumb|Relatives of the victims held a memorial service and threw flowers near the location of the sinking.]] |
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Jasa Raharja, a state-owned insurance company, stated that they would cover the expenses of the victims, stating that a total amount of 50 million [[Indonesian rupiah|rupiah]] (approximately US$ |
Jasa Raharja, a state-owned insurance company, stated that they would cover the expenses of the victims, stating that a total amount of 50 million [[Indonesian rupiah|rupiah]] (approximately US$3,500) would be given to the relatives of the deceased while a total amount of 20 million rupiah (approximately US$1,400) would be given to the relatives of the injured survivors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kurang dari 24 Jam Jasa Raharja Bayarkan Santunan Korban Meninggal Dunia KM Sinar Bangun|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2018/06/19/kurang-dari-24-jam-jasa-raharja-bayarkan-santunan-korban-meninggal-dunia-km-sinar-bangun|work=Tribun News|accessdate=20 June 2018|language=id}}</ref> Many relatives of the victims expressed anger at the government for not enforcing basic safety measures on passenger boats and pleaded for a bigger search effort.<ref name=":0" /> |
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On 20 June 2018 the government suspended ferry services between Simanindo and Tigaras for an initial period of seven days, with a possible extension of three days.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://maklumat.id/2018/06/pemerintah-berkomitmen-melakukan-investigasi-terhadap-kecelakaan-kapal-km-sinar-bangun-5-di-danau-toba-2/ |title=Pemerintah Berkomitmen Melakukan Investigasi Terhadap Kecelakaan Kapal KM Sinar Bangun 5 Di Danau Toba |date=20 June 2018 |access-date=23 June 2018 |work=Maklumat.id}}</ref> |
On 20 June 2018, the government suspended ferry services between Simanindo and Tigaras for an initial period of seven days, with a possible extension of three days.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://maklumat.id/2018/06/pemerintah-berkomitmen-melakukan-investigasi-terhadap-kecelakaan-kapal-km-sinar-bangun-5-di-danau-toba-2/ |title=Pemerintah Berkomitmen Melakukan Investigasi Terhadap Kecelakaan Kapal KM Sinar Bangun 5 Di Danau Toba |date=20 June 2018 |access-date=23 June 2018 |work=Maklumat.id|language=id}}</ref> |
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On 2 July, families and relatives of the victims held a memorial service near the location of the sinking. The service was attended by then Minister of Maritime Luhut Binsar Panjaitan.<ref>{{ |
On 2 July, families and relatives of the victims held a memorial service near the location of the sinking. The service was attended by then Minister of Maritime [[Luhut Binsar Panjaitan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tabur Bunga di Danau Toba, Luhut Minta Maaf atas Tragedi KM Sinar Bangun|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/3576424/tabur-bunga-di-danau-toba-luhut-minta-maaf-atas-tragedi-km-sinar-bangun|work=Liputan 6|accessdate=4 July 2018|language=id}}</ref> A prayer service was also held by relatives earlier in the day. The memorial was conducted as they had been told that the search and rescue operation would be stopped.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tabur Bunga di Lokasi KM Sinar Bangun Tenggelam Diwarnai Tangis Histeris Keluarga Korban|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2018/07/03/tabur-bunga-di-lokasi-km-sinar-bangun-tenggelam-diwarnai-tangis-histeris-keluarga-korban|work=Tribun News|accessdate=4 July 2018|language=id}}</ref> |
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A plan to build a monument to commemorate the victims of the disaster was announced by officials.<ref>{{ |
A plan to build a monument to commemorate the victims of the disaster was announced by officials.<ref>{{cite web|title=Monumen Korban KM Sinar Bangun akan Dibangun di Danau Toba|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4094146/monumen-korban-km-sinar-bangun-akan-dibangun-di-danau-toba|work=Detik|date=2 July 2018|accessdate=14 February 2019|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Monumen Tragedi KM Sinar Bangun akan Dibangun di Danau Toba|url=https://www.suara.com/news/2018/08/19/152804/monumen-tragedi-km-sinar-bangun-akan-dibangun-di-danau-toba|work=Suara|date=19 August 2018|accessdate=14 February 2019|language=id}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[MV Le Joola|MV ''Le Joola'']], Senegal's worst maritime disaster, caused by overloading |
* [[MV Le Joola|MV ''Le Joola'']], Senegal's worst maritime disaster, caused by overloading |
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* [[Sinking of MV Sewol|MV ''Sewol'']], South Korean ferry sunk while turning due to insufficient restoring force caused by overloading |
* [[Sinking of MV Sewol|MV ''Sewol'']], a South Korean ferry sunk while turning due to insufficient restoring force caused by overloading |
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* [[MV Butiraoi|MV ''Butiraoi'']], an overloaded ferry which sunk in Kiribati earlier that year |
* [[MV Butiraoi|MV ''Butiraoi'']], an overloaded ferry which sunk in Kiribati earlier that year |
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[[Category:2018 disasters in Indonesia]] |
[[Category:2018 disasters in Indonesia]] |
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[[Category:Ferries of Indonesia]] |
[[Category:Ferries of Indonesia]] |
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[[Category:June 2018 events in |
[[Category:June 2018 events in Indonesia]] |
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[[Category:Lake Toba]] |
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[[Category:Maritime incidents in 2018]] |
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 2018]] |
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[[Category:Maritime incidents in Indonesia]] |
[[Category:Maritime incidents in Indonesia]] |
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[[Category:Shipwrecks of Indonesia]] |
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[[Category:Shipwrecks in lakes]] |
[[Category:Shipwrecks in lakes]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Indonesia]] |
Latest revision as of 08:30, 7 April 2024
Date | 18 June 2018 |
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Time | 17:20 (UTC+7)[1] |
Location | Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia |
Coordinates | 2°46′00″N 98°46′57″E / 2.7667°N 98.7826°E |
Cause |
|
Outcome |
|
Deaths | 3 confirmed[2] |
Non-fatal injuries | 21[3] |
Missing | 164 (presumed dead)[3] |
Location of sinking in North Sumatra |
MV Sinar Bangun sank on 18 June 2018 in Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia, during its trip from Simanindo Harbour in Samosir Island to Tiga Ras Harbour in Simalungun Regency. The ferry was carrying 188 passengers and crew. After the sinking, authorities immediately deployed search and rescue personnel to the area. Twenty-one survivors were rescued, three bodies were found and 164 people were listed as missing and presumed dead.
The Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee concluded that the sinking was caused by overloading. The crews' decision to load the ferry to four times its capacity, combined with improper loading of passengers and cargo, caused the ferry to be severely unstable. High waves in the area then caused the critically unstable ferry to capsize. As escape routes were blocked by vehicles, many passengers were unable to escape and were thus trapped inside the ferry.
Sinking
[edit]MV Sinar Bangun was travelling from Simanindo Harbour in Samosir Regency on the north of Samosir Island to Tiga Ras Harbour in Simalungun Regency. Officials stated that many of the passengers were tourists who had traveled with families to Lake Toba, Indonesia's largest super-volcano lake. It was the holiday season in Indonesia, and the ferry was packed with passengers. Authorities stated that the ferry sank at around 17:00–17:30 local time.[4] The ferry was reportedly carrying more than four times the rated capacity of 43 passengers and was equipped with only 45 life jackets.[5]
Survivors stated that the winds were blowing hard and the waves were rough, with heavy rain.[6][7] Another survivor stated that the steering wheel snapped during the disaster. The ferry swayed once and immediately capsized to starboard. The sinking happened just 22 minutes after it had left the harbour. It happened so quickly that not a single passenger managed to wear life jackets. Passengers who were located on the top of the ferry immediately jumped onto the water. Survivors recalled that passengers were screaming and were fighting to get out of the ferry as quickly as possible, with multiple people crushed or trampled during the disaster.[8]
A video taken during the disaster was uploaded to social media by a passenger of the ferry. The video shows that the ferry capsized entirely, and reveals that many passengers initially had survived the sinking. At least 50 to 60 survivors are seen in the video clinging onto the hull, while others are swept away; screaming and crying can be heard. The video also shows that the passengers did not use life jackets or any other life-saving equipment.[9] Another video taken by a passenger of a passing ferry shows that MV Sinar Bangun had fully submerged and that the number of survivors had decreased significantly; fewer than 30 survivors can be seen, and no survivors are seen clinging to the hull.[10] On its final report, it was revealed that those who were seen clinging onto the hull were later struck by another massive wave, drowning dozens of people. Meanwhile, some of those who were seen floating around the hull later drowned due to exhaustion.[11]
If the missing are confirmed dead, this will be the deadliest maritime disaster in Indonesia since the sinking of MV Teratai Prima in 2009, in which more than 300 perished.[12][13]
Passengers and crew
[edit]As there was no passenger manifest, it is not clear how many people were actually on board.[14][15] Initially, around 80 to 100 were thought to be aboard the ferry. The number was later revised to 70. However, as authorities asked the public to report any missing relatives suspected to be passengers of the ferry, the number rose to 94. The number continued to rise and as of 19 June 2018, 145 people were reported missing. The names of 41 people were publicly posted at Simanindo Harbour, while the other 104 names were posted at Tiga Ras Harbour. Officials then confirmed that 128 people and 50 vehicles were aboard the ferry, and added that the data may change.[16] Meanwhile, survivors claimed that around 200 people and 100 motorbikes were on board.[17]
On 20 June 2018, the National Search and Rescue Agency confirmed that a total of 166 people were reported missing.[18] Later in the afternoon, the number of people reported as missing reached 192.[19]
On 26 June, officials finally finalized the total number of passengers, crew, and vehicles on board MV Sinar Bangun. The official list stated that there were 188 people on board the ferry, with 164 listed as missing.[3] Among the missing were 18 members of a single family.[20]
Search and rescue
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sinar_Bangun_Position.jpg/800px-Sinar_Bangun_Position.jpg)
18 June
[edit]The first vessel that managed to reach the site of the disaster was the MV Sumut II RORO vessel. It managed to rescue and evacuate 3 people from the site. Fifteen minutes later, MV Sumut I and MV Sinta Dame II arrived at the site. MV Sumut I rescued 14 survivors and the latter managed to evacuate 1 survivor and 1 dead body. At 17:40 local time, the Indonesian National Search and Rescue Agency was informed about the disaster.[11] A joint search and rescue team was assembled and deployed in the area, consisting of the National Search and Rescue Agency, the National Armed Forces, regional and local government officials, the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics, and the regional Disaster Management Board. The site of the sinking is two nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) from the harbour. Eighteen people were found to have survived the sinking.[21] The first victim of the disaster was identified as Tri Suci Wulandari, a student from Aceh Tamiang, Aceh.[22] Helicopters and ferries were deployed by authorities. The survivors were transported to Simarmata Community Health Center, Hadrinus Sinaga Regional Hospital, and Dolok Padarmean Community Health Center.[23]
19 June
[edit]Search and Rescue Mission Coordinator divided the joint search and rescue team into 2 groups. Officials stated that 350 personnel were deployed to assist the search and rescue operation.[24] The rescue operation was hampered by bad weather[25] and a lack of equipment. Personnel from Jakarta were called. Personal belongings were retrieved from the water; however, neither victims nor survivors were found.[26] The search and rescue operation was called off. In the late evening of 19 June, a C-130 Hercules carrying multiple personnel and advanced equipment arrived at Silangit Airport.[27]
20 June
[edit]At least seven ships were deployed by the command center.[28] The search area was widened to 3.6 square kilometres (1.4 sq mi).[29] Divers were dispatched to Lake Toba. By the evening, search and rescue recovered more bodies.[30] Authorities stated that the other bodies were most likely trapped inside the wreckage of the ferry.[31]
Officials from the National Search and Rescue Agency stated that the rescue operation would be conducted for seven days. Minister of Transportation Budi Karya Sumadi stated that the search and rescue operation would be extended to ten days if necessary.[32]
21 June
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ROV_Sinar_Bangun.jpg/220px-ROV_Sinar_Bangun.jpg)
The search area was widened to 15 square kilometres (5.8 sq mi) to the east, as a projection made by the Indonesian BMKG predicted that the current would carry the passengers and crews to the east. Ten boats were deployed to the search area.[11]
22 June
[edit]Lake Toba is known to be up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) deep in many places; however, depth traces by the search team indicated depths of up to 1,600 metres (5,200 ft), which is far beyond the 350-metre (1,150 ft) maximum working depth of the deployed Remote Observation Vehicle, and no traces of the ship were found. Separate sonar tools, effective up to 600 metres (2,000 ft), also showed the lake was deeper than 600 metres. As a result, a 2,000-metre (6,600 ft) sonar tool was ordered to be sent to the area.[33]
23 June
[edit]The search area was widened again to 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) to the east. A helicopter was deployed to assist in the search and rescue. Volunteers also searched for bodies or survivors on the shore. The Indonesian Navy was deployed to conduct an underwater sonar scan.[11]
24 June
[edit]Officials decided to widen the search area to 10 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi) to the east. In the evening, a meeting was held between authorities and family members to discuss whether the search and rescue effort should be continued or not. Both parties agreed to extend the search and rescue period to another 3 days.
28 June
[edit]The Indonesian Search and Rescue Agency announced that their personnel had captured an object in their sonar image. The object was located at a depth of 450 metres (1,480 ft). The object was suspected to be the wreckage of the ferry. A salvage operation was conducted. Later in the evening, the Head of the Indonesian Search and Rescue Agency, Muhammad Syaugi, stated that an ROV spotted bodies and motorcycles in the surrounding area. Photos of the submerged motorcycles and the dead bodies were shown to the media.[34][35]
2 July
[edit]The government announced that the search would be stopped on 3 July. The reason is that the agency had found difficulties because Lake Toba's depth is more than 450-metre (1,480 ft) while at this time the agency only can search up to 200-metre (660 ft). The victims' families had said that they were already letting go of their relatives.[36]
Investigation
[edit]Personnel from the National Transportation Safety Committee were sent by the Ministry of Transportation. Police confirmed that the weather at the time was bad, and added that it might have contributed to the cause of the disaster. They later added that, based on multiple accounts, the ferry might have been overloaded.[37]
The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics claimed that they had warned people twice to not board any boat or ferry, just hours before the disaster.[38] Two severe weather warnings had been issued by the agency. The first was issued at 11:00 and the second was issued at 14:00.[39] They had warned that the weather in and around Lake Toba would deteriorate on that day. Records showed that there was a significant change in wind speeds during the disaster. Waves reaching as high as two metres were also recorded.[40]
Minister of Transportation Budi Karya Sumadi stated that the ferry was grossly overloaded. The ferry was identified as a 35-tonage-type boat. He added that the ferry could only hold a maximum number of 43 people.[41] Reports stated that on the day of the disaster over 100 people had boarded the ferry.[40]
President Joko Widodo ordered the Minister of Transportation to conduct an immediate evaluation of the safety of all ferry services.[42]
The police opened an investigation into the ferry's fitness for operation. They found that the operator did not have a passenger manifest or a permit to operate the ferry service. It was later revealed that the ferry service was illegal.[43]
The captain of the ferry, Situa Sagala, was arrested at his house at Simanindo on 18 June, the day of the sinking, having crossed back across to the island by some other means of transportation.[44] In addition, three transport officials were also arrested as suspects.[45]
Final report
[edit]On 19 November 2018, more than 5 months after the disaster, the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee published the final report of the investigation. They concluded that the disaster was caused by overloading. The first deck and the second deck of the ferry were overly loaded with passengers. It was so crowded that dozens of passengers had to stand up while the ferry was en route to Simalungun. However, the presence of the third deck, which was located on top of the ferry and was used as a selfie spot, was a major factor in the capsizing. During the disaster, the third deck was heavily crowded. Calculations made by the NTSC revealed that due to this, the ferry could easily capsize as the righting moment of the ferry was small. While the ferry was en route to Simalungun, the weather deteriorated and high waves were produced. The high waves and the heavy wind that was blowing to the side of the ferry then caused the ferry to capsize.[11]
Another factor contributing to the capsizing is the use of steel on the structure of the ferry. Most parts of the ferry were made of steel. Since steel is heavier than wood and since it was used for the third deck and on some parts of the ferry, the ferry becomes more unstable.[11]
Investigators noted that the ferry was not equipped with sufficient life jackets. However, even if the ferry had been equipped with sufficient life jackets, NTSC stated that no one would have been able to wear them as the capsizing happened so quickly. Investigators noted that the ferry also didn't have sufficient emergency doors (there was only one emergency door on board) and that the vehicles were placed improperly on the ferry. The vehicles blocked the doors on the ferry, causing people to be trapped.[11]
Further investigation revealed that the Captain was never trained properly. He also didn't know how to deal with an emergency. Deviation from regulations and insufficient supervision from local officials also contributed to the poor quality of the crew.[11]
The report also criticized the actions of the crews of MV Sumut II who, according to the report, didn't make a serious effort to save the survivors. Examination of the video of the rescue operation showed that the crew of MV Sumut II had only managed to save three survivors even though the ship was still able to carry more survivors. At the time, dozens of survivors were still floating near the ship. The remaining survivors were later abandoned until the MV Sumut I and MV Sinta Dame II arrived at the site. Investigators noted that during this time, the number of survivors had decreased significantly as several survivors had drowned due to exhaustion.[11]
Aftermath
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ritual_Sinar_Bangun.jpg/220px-Ritual_Sinar_Bangun.jpg)
Jasa Raharja, a state-owned insurance company, stated that they would cover the expenses of the victims, stating that a total amount of 50 million rupiah (approximately US$3,500) would be given to the relatives of the deceased while a total amount of 20 million rupiah (approximately US$1,400) would be given to the relatives of the injured survivors.[46] Many relatives of the victims expressed anger at the government for not enforcing basic safety measures on passenger boats and pleaded for a bigger search effort.[5]
On 20 June 2018, the government suspended ferry services between Simanindo and Tigaras for an initial period of seven days, with a possible extension of three days.[47]
On 2 July, families and relatives of the victims held a memorial service near the location of the sinking. The service was attended by then Minister of Maritime Luhut Binsar Panjaitan.[48] A prayer service was also held by relatives earlier in the day. The memorial was conducted as they had been told that the search and rescue operation would be stopped.[49]
A plan to build a monument to commemorate the victims of the disaster was announced by officials.[50][51]
See also
[edit]- MV Le Joola, Senegal's worst maritime disaster, caused by overloading
- MV Sewol, a South Korean ferry sunk while turning due to insufficient restoring force caused by overloading
- MV Butiraoi, an overloaded ferry which sunk in Kiribati earlier that year
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