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=== 2017 === |
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Peru played 10 matches. This includes eight [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 FIFA World Cup]] qualifying matches and two friendlies. |
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{{Footballbox_collapsible |
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|date = 23 March |
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|time = 19:30 |
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|round = [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)#Round 13|2018 W.C.]] Q |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|VEN}} |
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|score = 2–2 |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/03/24/south-america/wc-qualifying-south-america/venezuela/peru/2161486/] |
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|goals1 = [[Mikel Villanueva|Villanueva]] {{goal|24}} <br />[[Rómulo Otero|Otero]] {{goal|40}} |
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|goals2 = {{goal|46}} [[André Carrillo|Carrillo]] <br />{{goal|64}} [[Paolo Guerrero|Guerrero]] |
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|location = [[Maturín]], Venezuela |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Monumental de Maturín]] |
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|attendance = 35,920 |
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|referee = [[Enrique Cáceres|Caceres]] {{flagicon|PAR}} |
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|result = D |
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|stack = yes |
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}} |
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{{football box collapsible |
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| date = 28 March |
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| time = 22:15 |
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| round = [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)#Round 14|2018 W.C.]] Q |
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| team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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| score = 2–1 |
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| team2 = {{fb|URU}} |
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| report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/03/29/south-america/wc-qualifying-south-america/peru/uruguay/2161492/] |
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| goals1 = [[Paolo Guerrero|Guerrero]] {{goal|34}} <br />[[Edison Flores|Flores]] {{goal|62}} |
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| goals2 = {{goal|30}} [[Carlos Andrés Sánchez|Sánchez]] |
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| location = [[Lima, Peru|Lima]], Peru |
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| stadium = [[Estadio Nacional de Lima]] |
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| attendance = 35,200 |
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| referee = [[Julio Bascunan|Bascunan]] {{flagicon|CHI}} |
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| result = W |
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| stack = yes |
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}} |
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{{football box collapsible |
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| date = 8 June |
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| time = 17:00 |
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| round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |
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| team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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| score = 1–0 |
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| team2 = {{fb|PAR}} |
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| report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/06/08/world/friendlies/peru/paraguay/2435086/] |
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| goals1 = [[Paolo Guerrero|Guerrero]] {{goal|75}} |
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| goals2 = |
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| location = [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], Peru |
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| stadium = [[Estadio Mansiche]] |
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| attendance = 25,000 |
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| referee = [[Carlos Orbe|Orbe]] {{flagicon|ECU}} |
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| result = W |
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| stack = yes |
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}} |
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{{football box collapsible |
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| date = 13 June |
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| time = 20:30 |
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| round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |
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| team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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| score = 3–1 |
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| team2 = {{fb|JAM}} |
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| report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/06/14/world/friendlies/peru/jamaica/2445261/] |
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| goals1 = [[Edison Flores|Flores]] {{goal|21}}<br /> [[Renato Tapia|Tapia]] {{goal|43}} <br />[[Paolo Guerrero|Guerrero]] {{goal|58}} |
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| goals2 = {{goal|86|pen.}} [[Jermaine Johnson|Johnson]] |
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| location = [[Arequipa, Peru|Arequipa]], Peru |
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| stadium = [[Estadio de la UNSA]] |
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| attendance = 40,000 |
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| referee = [[Gustavo Murillo|Murillo]] {{flagicon|COL}} |
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| result = W |
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| stack = yes |
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}} |
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{{football box collapsible |
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| date = 31 August |
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| time = 22:15 |
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| round = [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)#Round 15|2018 W.C.]] Q |
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| team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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| score = 2–1 |
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| team2 = {{fb|BOL}} |
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| report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/01/south-america/wc-qualifying-south-america/peru/bolivia/2161496/] |
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| goals1 = [[Edison Flores|Flores]] {{goal|55}} <br />[[Christian Cueva|Cueva]] {{goal|59}} |
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| goals2 = {{goal|72}} [[Gilbert Álvarez|Álvarez]] |
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| location = [[Lima, Peru|Lima]], Peru |
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| stadium = [[Estadio Monumental "U"]] |
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| attendance = 50,501 |
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| referee = [[Andrés Cunha|Cunha]] {{flagicon|URU}} |
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| result = W |
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| stack = yes |
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}} |
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{{Footballbox_collapsible |
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|date = 5 September |
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|time = 17:00 |
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|round = [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)#Round 17|2018 W.C.]] Q |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|ECU}} |
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|score = 1–2 |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/05/south-america/wc-qualifying-south-america/ecuador/peru/2161501/] |
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|goals1 = [[Enner Valencia|Valencia]] {{goal|80|pen.}} |
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|goals2 = {{goal|73}} [[Edison Flores|Flores]] <br />{{goal|76}} [[Paolo Hurtado|Hurtado]] |
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|location = [[Quito, Ecuador|Quito]], Ecuador |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Olimpico Atahualpa]] |
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|attendance = 30,000 |
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|referee = [[Enrique Cáceres|Caceres]] {{flagicon|PAR}} |
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|result = W |
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|stack = yes |
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}} |
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{{Footballbox_collapsible |
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|date = 5 October |
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|time = 19:30 |
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|round = [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)#Round 17|2018 W.C.]] Q |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|ARG}} |
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|score = 0–0 |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/10/06/south-america/wc-qualifying-south-america/argentina/peru/2161505/] |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
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|location = [[Buenos Aires, Argentina|Buenos Aires]], Argentina |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Alberto J. Armando]] |
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|attendance = 49,000 |
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|referee = [[Wilton Sampaio|Sampaio]] {{flagicon|BRA}} |
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|result = D |
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|stack = yes |
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}} |
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{{football box collapsible |
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| date = 10 October |
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| time = 19:30 |
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| round = [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)#Round 18|2018 W.C.]] Q |
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| team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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| score = 1–1 |
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| team2 = {{fb|COL}} |
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| report = [http://estadisticas.conmebol.com/html/v3/index.html?channel=deportes.futbol.eliminatorias.2381895&lang=es_LA] |
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| goals1 = [[Paolo Guerrero|Guerrero]] {{goal|76}} |
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| goals2 = {{goal|56}} [[James Rodríguez|Rodríguez]] |
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| location = [[Lima, Peru|Lima]], Peru |
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| stadium = [[Estadio Nacional de Lima]] |
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| attendance = 29,637 |
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| referee = [[Sandro Ricci|Ricci]] {{flagicon|BRA}} |
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| result = D |
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| stack = yes |
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}} |
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{{football box collapsible |
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|date=11 November |
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|time=16:15 |
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|round= [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC–CONMEBOL play-off)|2018 W.C.]] Q |
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|team1={{fb-rt|NZL}} |
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|score= 0–0 |
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|team2={{fb|PER}} |
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|report=[http://estadisticas.conmebol.com/html/v3/index.html?channel=deportes.futbol.eliminatorias.2381897&lang=es_LA] |
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|goals1= |
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|goals2= |
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|location= [[Wellington, New Zealand]] |
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|stadium=[[Wellington Regional Stadium|Westpac Stadium]] |
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|attendance= 37,034 |
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|referee=[[Mark Geiger|Geiger]] {{flagicon|USA}} |
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|result= D |
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|stack= yes |
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}} |
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{{football box collapsible |
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|date=15 November |
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|time=21:15 |
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|round= [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC–CONMEBOL play-off)|2018 W.C.]] Q |
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|team1={{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score= 2–0 |
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|aggregatescore = 2–0 |
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|team2={{fb|NZL}} |
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|report=[http://estadisticas.conmebol.com/html/v3/index.html?channel=deportes.futbol.eliminatorias.2381898&lang=es_LA] |
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|goals1= [[Jefferson Farfán|Farfan]] {{goal|28}}<br /> [[Christian Ramos|Ramos]] {{goal|65}} |
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|goals2= |
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|location=[[Lima]], Peru |
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|stadium=[[Estadio Nacional de Lima]] |
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|attendance= 39,125 |
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|referee=[[Clement Turpin|Turpin]] {{flagicon|FRA}} |
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|result= W |
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|stack= yes |
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}} |
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=== 2018 === |
=== 2018 === |
Revision as of 04:46, 9 June 2018
![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nickname(s) | La Blanquirroja (The White and Red) Los Incas (The Incas) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Association | Peruvian Football Federation (FPF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Confederation | CONMEBOL (South America) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Head coach | Ricardo Gareca[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Captain | Paolo Guerrero[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Most caps | Roberto Palacios (128) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Top scorer | Paolo Guerrero (34) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Home stadium | Estadio Nacional | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIFA code | PER | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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FIFA ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current | 11 ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Highest | 10 (October 2017) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lowest | 91 (September 2009) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First international | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() (Lima, Peru; 1 November 1927) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biggest win | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() (Bogotá, Colombia; 11 August 1938) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biggest defeat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; 26 June 1997) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 4 (first in 1930) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Top 8, 1970 (Quarterfinals) & 1978 (Round 2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Copa América | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 29 (first in 1927) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Winners, 1939 and 1975 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CONCACAF Gold Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 1 (first in 2000) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Semifinals, 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
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The Peru national football team has represented Peru in international football since 1927. Organised by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF),[A] it is one of the 10 members of FIFA's South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). The Peruvian team's performance has been inconsistent; it enjoyed its most successful periods in the 1930s and the 1970s.[4] The team plays most of its home matches at the Estadio Nacional in Lima, the country's capital.
Peru has won the Copa América twice and qualified for FIFA World Cup finals five times; it also participated in the 1936 Olympic football competition. It has longstanding rivalries with Chile and Ecuador.[5] The team is well known for its white shirts adorned with a diagonal red stripe, which combine Peru's national colours. This basic design has been used continuously since 1936, and gives rise to the team's common Spanish nickname, la Blanquirroja ("the white-and-red").[6]
The Peruvian national team took part in the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930 and enjoyed victories in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 Copa América, with goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso and forwards Teodoro Fernández and Alejandro Villanueva playing important roles. Peruvian football's successful period in the 1970s brought it worldwide recognition; the team then included the forward partnership of Hugo Sotil and Teófilo Cubillas, often regarded as Peru's greatest player, and defender Héctor Chumpitaz. This team qualified for three World Cups and won the Copa América in 1975. Peru last appeared at the World Cup finals in 1982.
Under the current management of Ricardo Gareca, Peru came third at the 2015 Copa América, reached the quarterfinals of the Copa América Centenario, and secured qualification for the 2018 FIFA World Cup finals in Russia.
History
During the 19th century, British immigrants and Peruvians returning from England introduced football to Peru.[7] In 1859, members of the British community in the country's capital founded the Lima Cricket Club, Peru's first organization dedicated to the practice of cricket, rugby, and football.[B][9][10] These new sports became popular among the local upper-class over the following decades, but early developments stopped due to the War of the Pacific that Peru fought against Chile from 1879 to 1883. After the war, Peru's coastal society embraced football as a modern innovation.[11] The sport became a popular daily activity in Lima barrios, encouraged by bosses who wanted it to inspire solidarity and improved productivity among their workers.[12] In the adjacent port of Callao and other commercial areas, British civilian workers and sailors played the sport among themselves and with locals.[13][C] Sports rivalries between locals and foreigners arose in Callao, and between elites and workers in Lima. Over time, as foreigners departed, this evolved into a rivalry between Callao and Lima.[7][15] These factors, coupled with the sport's rapid growth among the urban poor of Lima's La Victoria district (where, in 1901, the Alianza Lima club formed), led to Peru developing, according to historian Andreas Campomar, "some of the most elegant and accomplished football on the continent",[16] and the strongest footballing culture in the Andean region.[17]
![Photo of ten men, running and carrying a large flag, inside a stadium](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Peru_national_football_team_parading_in_1927_South_American_Championship.png/220px-Peru_national_football_team_parading_in_1927_South_American_Championship.png)
The Peruvian Football League, founded in 1912, held annual competitions until it broke up in 1921, amid disputes between the member clubs.[18] The Peruvian Football Federation (FPF), formed in 1922, reorganised the annual tournament in 1926.[19] The FPF joined the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) in 1925 and, after restructuring its finances, formed Peru's national team in 1927.[20] The team debuted in the 1927 South American Championship, hosted by the FPF at Lima's Estadio Nacional.[13] Peru lost 0–4 against Uruguay in its first match, and won 3–2 over Bolivia in its second.[21] Peru next competed in the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930, but did not advance past the first stage.[22]
During the 1930s, Peruvian football's first golden era,[4] Peruvians traveled abroad in search of competition that would further develop their football.[16] A notable travel, held in Europe between 1933 and 1934 by the Combinado del Pacífico (a squad composed of Chilean and Peruvian footballers),[D] provided the South Americans with much-needed experience.[16] Starting with Ciclista Lima in 1926, Peruvian football clubs also toured Latin America, achieving numerous victories.[23][24] During one of these tours—Alianza Lima's undefeated journey through Chile in 1935—emerged the Rodillo Negro ("Black Roller"), a skillful group led by forwards Alejandro Villanueva, Teodoro Fernández and goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso.[25] Sports historian Richard Witzig described these three as "a soccer triumvirate unsurpassed in the world at that time", citing their combined innovation and effectiveness at both ends of the field.[4] Peru and the Rodillo Negro awed crowds at the 1936 Summer Olympics, won the inaugural Bolivarian Games in 1938, and finished the decade as South American champions.[26][27]
Subsequent years proved less successful for the team; according to historian David Goldblatt, "despite all the apparent preconditions for footballing growth and success, Peruvian football disappeared".[28] He attributes this sudden decline to Peruvian authorities' repression of "social, sporting and political organisations among the urban and rural poor" during the 1940s and 1950s.[28] Nevertheless, Peru performed creditably at the South American Championships during this period, earning third in Brazil 1949 and Chile 1955, and only narrowly missed qualification for the Sweden 1958 World Cup finals, losing over two legs to eventual champions Brazil.[29]
![Photo of four men in the foreground, inside a full stadium](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Peru_Argentina_1970_World_Cup_Qualifiers.png/220px-Peru_Argentina_1970_World_Cup_Qualifiers.png)
Successes during the late 1960s, including qualification for the Mexico 1970 World Cup finals, ushered in a second golden period for Peruvian football.[4][30] The formidable forward partnership between Teófilo Cubillas and Hugo Sotil has been cited as a key factor in Peru's triumphs during the 1970s.[31] Peru reached the quarter-finals in 1970, losing to the tournament winners Brazil, and earned the first FIFA Fair Play Trophy;[32][33] historian Richard Henshaw describes Peru as "the surprise of the 1970 competition, showing flair and a high level of skill".[29] Five years later, Peru became South American champions for the second time when it won the 1975 Copa América (the then-rechristened South American Championship). The team next qualified for two consecutive World Cup finals, reaching the second round in Argentina 1978 and the first group stage in Spain 1982. Peru's early elimination in 1982 marked the end of the side's globally-admired "flowing football".[34] In spite of this, Peru barely missed the Mexico 1986 World Cup finals after placing second in a qualification group to eventual champions Argentina.[35]
Renewed expectations for Peru were centred on a young generation of Alianza Lima players known colloquially as Los Potrillos ("The Colts"). Sociologists Aldo Panfichi and Victor Vich write that Los Potrillos "became the hope of the entire country"—fans expected them to qualify for the 1990 World Cup in Italy.[36] The national team entered a hiatus after the Alianza Lima air disaster of 8 December 1987, when a plane carrying most of Alianza's players and staff crashed into the Pacific Ocean. Only the pilot survived the crash; among the dead were the Peru manager, Marcos Calderón, and several Peru international players, including goalkeeper José González Ganoza and widely tipped future star forward Luis Escobar.[37] Afterward, Peru did not come close to reaching the World Cup finals until the process for France 1998, when it missed qualification only on goal difference.[35] This team would go on to win the 1999 Kirin Cup tournament in Japan (sharing the title with Belgium)[38] and place third at the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup—which it contested as an invited guest team.[39]
Qualification for the FIFA World Cup finals continued being an elusive objective for Peru during the early 21st century.[35] According to historian Charles F. Walker, player indiscipline problems marred Peru's national team and football league.[40] Troubles in the FPF, particularly with its then-president Manuel Burga, deepened the crisis in Peruvian football—FIFA temporarily suspended the country from international competition, in late 2008, because the Peruvian government investigated alleged corruption within the FPF.[41][E] Nonetheless, Peru succeeded in winning the 2005 and 2011 Kirin Cup tournaments,[38] and earned third place in the 2011 Copa América.[43] In early 2015, businessman Edwin Oviedo became FPF president, succeeding Burga, whom two years later faced charges of racketeering, wire fraud, and money laundering in a football corruption trial in the United States.[44][45] The FPF's new leadership appointed Ricardo Gareca as Peru's manager in March 2015.[1] After coaching the national team to a third place in the 2015 Copa América and to the quarterfinals of the Copa América Centenario, Gareca will lead Peru in the Russia 2018 World Cup finals.[46][47]
Colours
The Peru national football team plays in red and white, the country's national colours.[48] Its first-choice kit has been, since 1936, white shorts, white socks, and white shirts with a distinctive red "sash" crossing their front diagonally from the proper left shoulder to the right hip and returning on the back from the right hip to the proper left shoulder. This basic scheme has been only slightly altered over the years.[6]
Peru's kit has won praise as one of world football's most attractive designs. Christopher Turpin, the executive producer of NPR's All Things Considered news show, lauded the 1970 iteration as "the beautiful game's most beautiful shirt", also describing it as "retro even in 1970".[49] Miles Kohrman, football reporter for The New Republic, referred to Peru's kit as "one of soccer's best-kept secrets".[50] The version worn in 1978 came first in a 2010 ESPN list of the "Best World Cup jerseys of all time", described therein as "simple yet strikingly effective".[51]
Peru's first kit, made for the 1927 South American Championship, comprised a white-and-red striped shirt, white shorts and black socks.[52] At the 1930 World Cup, Peru used an alternate design because Paraguay had already registered a similar kit with white-and-red striped shirts. The Peruvians instead wore white shirts with a red collar, white shorts and black socks.[52] The team added a horizontal red stripe to the shirt for the 1935 South American Championship. The following year, at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the team adopted the iconic diagonal red sash design it has retained ever since.[6] According to historian Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora, the idea for the design came from school football matches in which coloured sashes worn over the shoulder would allow two teams wearing white shirts to play against each other.[53]
Peru wears as its badge the emblem of the Peruvian Football Federation. The first badge, presented in 1927, had a heater shield design with the country's name and the federation's acronym (FPF). Eight different emblems followed, with the longest-lasting design being the modern French escutcheon form emblazoned in the team's jersey from 1953 until 2014. This design had the Peruvian flag at its base, and either the country's name or the federation's acronym at its chief. Since 2014, the badge has a retro-inspired heater shield design, with the entire field comprised by Peru's flag and the federation's acronym, surrounded by a gold-colored frame.[54]
Eight sportswear manufacturers have supplied Peru's national team. The first, the German company Adidas, supplied the team's kit in 1978, and again between 1983-1985. The FPF have also signed contracts with manufacturers from Brazil (Penalty, 1981–82), Canada (Power, 1989-1991), Italy (Diadora, 1991-1992), England (Umbro, 1996-1997), and another from Germany (Puma, 1987-1989). The team has also been supplied by three local firms: Calvo Sporwear (1986-1987), Polmer (1993-1995), and Walon Sport (1998-2010).[55] Umbro again produce the team's kit since 2010,[56] and will do so until the start of the FPF's contract with the Ecuadorian Marathon Sports in August 2018.[57]
Stadium
The traditional home of Peruvian football is the country's national stadium, the Estadio Nacional in Lima, which houses 45,000 spectators.[13] The present ground is the Estadio Nacional's third incarnation, renovated under the Alan García administration. Its official re-inauguration, 24 July 2011,[58] marked 88 years to the day after the original ground opened on the same site in 1923.[59]
To celebrate the centenary of Peru's independence from Spain, Lima's British community donated the original Estadio Nacional, a wooden structure with a capacity of 6,000.[59] Construction began on 28 July 1921, overseen by President Augusto B. Leguía.[60] The stadium's re-inauguration on 27 October 1952, under the Manuel A. Odría administration, followed an onerous campaign for its renovation led by Miguel Dasso, president of the Sociedad de Beneficencia de Lima.[61][62] The renovated stadium boasted a cement structure and larger spectator capacity of 53,000.[60] Its last redevelopment, in 2011, included the construction of a plaque-covered exterior, an internal multicoloured illumination system, two giant LED screens, and 375 private suites.[63][64]
A distinctive feature of the ground is the Miguel Dasso Tower on its northern side, which contains luxury boxes (renovated in 2004).[61] The Estadio Nacional currently has a natural bermudagrass pitch, reinstalled as part of redevelopments completed in 2011. Previously, the FPF had installed artificial turf in the stadium for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, making it the only national stadium in CONMEBOL with such a turf.[65] Despite the synthetic ground's rating of "FIFA Star II", the highest certification granted to artificial pitches, players accused the turf of causing them injuries, such as burns and bruises.[66]
Peru sometimes play home matches at other venues. Outside the desert-like coast region of Lima, the thin atmosphere at the high-altitude Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega in Cusco has been described as providing strategic advantages for Peru against certain visiting teams.[67] Other common alternate venues for the national team include two other grounds in the Peruvian capital—Alianza's Estadio Alejandro Villanueva and Universitario's Estadio Monumental.[68][69]
The national team's training grounds are located within the Villa Deportiva Nacional (VIDENA) sports complex in Lima's San Luis district. Since 1981, the complex is managed by the Peruvian Institute of Sport (IPD).[70] In 2017, following Peru's qualification for the Russia 2018 World Cup finals, the Peruvian Football Federation announced the creation of a new complex, the Center of National Teams, in Lima's Chaclacayo district. The new complex will contain six training grounds for both the male and the female squads, including the senior and the youth sides.[71]
Supporters
Football is the most popular sport in Peru since the early 20th century.[72] Originally largely exclusive to Lima's Anglophile elite and expatriates, and secluded from the rest of the city,[73] football became an integral part of wider popular culture during the 1900s and 1910s. Over the following decades, Augusto B. Leguía's government institutionalised the sport into a national pastime by promoting and organising its development.[74] Consequently, the national football team became an important element of Peru's national identity.[75] According to the historian Carlos Aguirre, nationalist fervor spiked during the qualification phase for the 1970 World Cup finals, because the revolutionary government of General Juan Velasco Alvarado tied the national team's success with the alleged cultural, social, and psychological changes spurred by the country's new political project.[76]
Peruvian football fans are known for their distinctive chant ¡Arriba Perú! ("Onward Peru!"),[77] as well as for their use of traditional Peruvian música criolla to express support, both at national team games and at club matches. Música criolla attained national and international recognition with the advent of mass media during the 1930s, becoming a recognised symbol of Peru and its culture.[78] The national team's most popular anthems are Peru Campeón, a polca criolla (Peruvian polka) glorifying Peru's qualification for the Mexico 1970 World Cup,[78] and Contigo Perú, a vals criollo (Peruvian waltz) that newspaper El Comercio calls "the hymn of Peruvian national football teams".[79] Peru's unsuccessful World Cup finals qualification attempts, from Mexico 1986 until Russia 2018, cemented the fans' nostalgia for the 1970s' golden era and increased the popularity of Peru Campeón.[80]
The Estadio Nacional disaster of 24 May 1964, involving Peruvian supporters, is cited as one of the worst tragedies in football history.[81] During a qualifying match for the 1964 Olympics between Peru's under-20 team and its counterpart from Argentina, the Uruguayan referee Angel Payos disallowed a would-be Peruvian equaliser, alleging rough play. Spectators threw missiles from the stands while two fans invaded the pitch and attacked the referee. Police threw tear gas into the crowd, causing a stampede; trying to escape, fans were crushed against the stadium's locked gates. A total of 315 people died in the chaos, with more than 500 others injured.[82]
Rivalries
![Portrait of two men, dressed in sports attire, looking straight at the viewer](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Raul_Toro_y_Lolo_Fernandez.jpg/170px-Raul_Toro_y_Lolo_Fernandez.jpg)
The Peru national football team maintains prominent rivalries with its counterparts from neighbouring Chile and Ecuador. The Peruvians have a favourable record against Ecuador and a negative record against Chile.[83][84] Peru faced both rivals in the 1939 South American Championship in Lima, which also marked the first time that Peru faced Ecuador in an official tournament; Peru won both games.[85] Peru also defeated its rivals during qualifying for the Argentina 1978 World Cup, directly eliminating both teams.[83][84]
The Chile–Peru football rivalry is known in Spanish as the Clásico del Pacífico ("Pacific Derby").[5] CNN World Sport editor Greg Duke ranks it among the top ten football rivalries in the world.[86] Peru first faced Chile in the 1935 South American Championship, defeating it 1–0.[84] The football rivalry between Peru and Chile is partly a reflection of the geopolitical conflict between both neighboring states, but primarily a result of both football squads vying for recognition as the better team in South America's Pacific coast—as their football confederation is historically dominated by countries in South America's Atlantic coast.[87] The two countries traditionally compete with each other over the rank of fourth-best national team in South America (after Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay).[88] They also both claim to have invented the bicycle kick; Peruvians call it the chalaca, while it is the chilena in Chile.[89]
The rivalry between the Ecuador and Peru football teams is rooted in the historical border conflict between the countries dating back to the 19th century. In 1995, after the brief Cenepa War, CONMEBOL contemplated altering that year's Copa América group stage to prevent a match between the two sides, but ultimately did not.[90] According to cultural historian Michael Handelsman, Ecuadorian fans consider losses to Colombia or Peru "an excuse to lament Ecuador's inability to establish itself as an international soccer power".[91] Handelsman adds that "[t]he rivalries are intense, and the games always carry an element of national pride and honor".[91]
Results and fixtures
Win Draw Loss
2017
Peru played 10 matches. This includes eight 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying matches and two friendlies.
23 March 2018 W.C. Q | Venezuela ![]() | 2–2 | ![]() | Maturín, Venezuela |
19:30 | Villanueva ![]() Otero ![]() |
[1] | ![]() ![]() |
Stadium: Estadio Monumental de Maturín Attendance: 35,920 Referee: Caceres ![]() |
28 March 2018 W.C. Q | Peru ![]() | 2–1 | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
22:15 | Guerrero ![]() Flores ![]() |
[2] | ![]() |
Stadium: Estadio Nacional de Lima Attendance: 35,200 Referee: Bascunan ![]() |
8 June Friendly | Peru ![]() | 1–0 | ![]() | Trujillo, Peru |
17:00 | Guerrero ![]() |
[3] | Stadium: Estadio Mansiche Attendance: 25,000 Referee: Orbe ![]() |
13 June Friendly | Peru ![]() | 3–1 | ![]() | Arequipa, Peru |
20:30 | Flores ![]() Tapia ![]() Guerrero ![]() |
[4] | ![]() |
Stadium: Estadio de la UNSA Attendance: 40,000 Referee: Murillo ![]() |
31 August 2018 W.C. Q | Peru ![]() | 2–1 | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
22:15 | Flores ![]() Cueva ![]() |
[5] | ![]() |
Stadium: Estadio Monumental "U" Attendance: 50,501 Referee: Cunha ![]() |
5 September 2018 W.C. Q | Ecuador ![]() | 1–2 | ![]() | Quito, Ecuador |
17:00 | Valencia ![]() |
[6] | ![]() ![]() |
Stadium: Estadio Olimpico Atahualpa Attendance: 30,000 Referee: Caceres ![]() |
5 October 2018 W.C. Q | Argentina ![]() | 0–0 | ![]() | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
19:30 | [7] | Stadium: Estadio Alberto J. Armando Attendance: 49,000 Referee: Sampaio ![]() |
10 October 2018 W.C. Q | Peru ![]() | 1–1 | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
19:30 | Guerrero ![]() |
[8] | ![]() |
Stadium: Estadio Nacional de Lima Attendance: 29,637 Referee: Ricci ![]() |
11 November 2018 W.C. Q | New Zealand ![]() | 0–0 | ![]() | Wellington, New Zealand |
16:15 | [9] | Stadium: Westpac Stadium Attendance: 37,034 Referee: Geiger ![]() |
15 November 2018 W.C. Q | Peru ![]() | 2–0 (2–0 agg.) | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
21:15 | Farfan ![]() Ramos ![]() |
[10] | Stadium: Estadio Nacional de Lima Attendance: 39,125 Referee: Turpin ![]() |
2018
Peru has at the moment 10 matches confirmed. This includes seven friendlies and the 2018 FIFA World Cup group stage.
24 March Friendly | Peru ![]() | 2–0 | ![]() | Miami Gardens, Florida |
20:30 EDT (UTC-4) | Carrillo ![]() Flores ![]() |
[11] | Stadium: Hard Rock Stadium Attendance: 46,893 Referee: Elfath ![]() |
27 March Friendly | Peru ![]() | 3–1 | ![]() | Harrison, New Jersey |
20:00 EDT (UTC-4) | Tapia ![]() Ruidiaz ![]() Farfan ![]() |
[12] | ![]() |
Stadium: Red Bull Arena Attendance: 25,219 Referee: Unkel ![]() |
29 May Friendly | Peru ![]() | 2–0 | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
20:00 PET (UTC-5) | Cueva ![]() Farfan ![]() |
Report | Stadium: Estadio Nacional de Lima Attendance: 40,000 Referee: Guerrero ![]() |
3 June Friendly | Saudi Arabia ![]() | 0–3 | ![]() | St. Gallen, Switzerland |
20:00 (UTC+2) | ![]() ![]() |
Stadium: kybunpark Attendance: 18,053 Referee: San F. ![]() |
16 June 2018 FIFA World Cup Group C | Peru ![]() | v | ![]() | Saransk, Russia |
19:00 MSK (UTC+3) | Report | Stadium: Mordovia Arena |
21 June 2018 FIFA World Cup Group C | France ![]() | v | ![]() | Yekaterinburg, Russia |
20:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Report | Stadium: Central Stadium |
26 June 2018 FIFA World Cup Group C | Australia ![]() | v | ![]() | Sochi, Russia |
17:00 MSK (UTC+3) | Report | Stadium: Fisht Olympic Stadium |
6 September Friendly | Netherlands ![]() | v | ![]() | TBD, Netherlands |
TBD | Stadium: TBD |
Players
Current
The following players have been called up for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.[92][93]
Caps and goals are correct as of 3 June 2018 after the match against Saudi Arabia.
No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Caps | Goals | Club |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | GK | Pedro Gallese | 23 February 1990 | 37 | 0 | ![]() |
12 | GK | Carlos Cáceda | 27 September 1991 | 6 | 0 | ![]() |
21 | GK | José Carvallo | 1 March 1986 | 6 | 0 | ![]() |
2 | DF | Alberto Rodríguez | 31 March 1984 | 73 | 0 | ![]() |
3 | DF | Aldo Corzo | 20 May 1989 | 26 | 0 | ![]() |
4 | DF | Anderson Santamaría | 10 January 1992 | 5 | 0 | ![]() |
5 | DF | Miguel Araujo | 24 October 1994 | 8 | 0 | ![]() |
6 | DF | Miguel Trauco | 25 August 1992 | 26 | 0 | ![]() |
15 | DF | Christian Ramos | 4 November 1988 | 67 | 3 | ![]() |
17 | DF | Luis Advíncula | 2 March 1990 | 66 | 0 | ![]() |
22 | DF | Nilson Loyola | 26 October 1994 | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
7 | MF | Paolo Hurtado | 27 July 1990 | 33 | 3 | ![]() |
8 | MF | Christian Cueva | 23 November 1991 | 45 | 8 | ![]() |
13 | MF | Renato Tapia | 28 July 1995 | 32 | 3 | ![]() |
14 | MF | Andy Polo | 29 September 1994 | 16 | 1 | ![]() |
16 | MF | Wilder Cartagena | 23 September 1994 | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
19 | MF | Yoshimar Yotún | 7 April 1990 | 73 | 2 | ![]() |
20 | MF | Edison Flores | 15 May 1994 | 29 | 9 | ![]() |
23 | MF | Pedro Aquino | 13 April 1995 | 13 | 0 | ![]() |
9 | FW | Paolo Guerrero (Captain) | 1 January 1984 | 87 | 34 | ![]() |
10 | FW | Jefferson Farfán | 26 October 1984 | 83 | 25 | ![]() |
11 | FW | Raúl Ruidíaz | 25 July 1990 | 30 | 4 | ![]() |
18 | FW | André Carrillo | 14 June 1991 | 45 | 5 | ![]() |
Recent
The players listed below were not included in the current squad, but have been called up by Peru in the last 12 months.
Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Caps | Goals | Club | Latest call-up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GK | Alejandro Duarte | 5 April 1994 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
GK | Leao Butrón | 6 March 1977 | 39 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
GK | Diego Penny | 22 April 1984 | 10 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Luis Abram | 27 February 1996 | 4 | 0 | ![]() |
2018 FIFA World Cup PRE |
DF | Adrián Zela | 20 March 1989 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Sergio Peña | 28 September 1995 | 5 | 0 | ![]() |
2018 FIFA World Cup PRE |
MF | Cristian Benavente | 19 May 1994 | 16 | 2 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Roberto Siucho | 7 February 1997 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Alexi Gómez | 4 March 1993 | 5 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
FW | Beto da Silva | 28 December 1996 | 6 | 1 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
FW | Yordy Reyna | 17 September 1993 | 6 | 2 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
FW | Iván Bulos | 20 May 1993 | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
FW | Alexander Succar | 12 August 1995 | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
INJ Withdrew due to injury. |
Notable
![Photo of three men, wearing all-white uniforms marked by a red diagonal stripe in their jerseys, inside a stadium filled with spectators](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sotil_Cubillas_Challe_1973.png/170px-Sotil_Cubillas_Challe_1973.png)
A report published by CONMEBOL in 2008 described Peru as traditionally exhibiting an "elegant, technical and fine football style", and praised it as "one of the most loyal exponents of South American football talent".[94] In 2017, Argentine manager Ricardo Gareca described Peruvian footballers as "technically sound, [physically] strong and adaptable", adding that their adaptability resulted from Peru's diverse geography.[95]
Peruvian players noted in the CONMEBOL report as "true artists of the ball" include forwards Teófilo Cubillas, Pedro Pablo León and Hugo Sotil, defender Héctor Chumpitaz and midfielders Roberto Challe, César Cueto, José del Solar, and Roberto Palacios.[94] Cubillas, an attacking midfielder and forward popularly known as El Nene ("The Kid"), is widely regarded as Peru's greatest ever player.[96] Chumpitaz is often cited as the team's best defender; Witzig lists him among his "Best Players of the Modern Era", and praises him as "a strong reader of the game with excellent ball skills and distribution, [who] marshalled a capable defence to support Peru's attack".[97] El Gráfico, an Argentine sports journal, described Cueto, Cubillas, and José Velásquez as, collectively, "the best [midfield] in the world" in 1978.[98]
Before Cubillas' appearance, Teodoro "Lolo" Fernández, a forward nicknamed El Cañonero ("The Cannoneer"), held the status of Peru's greatest player—due to his powerful shots, marksmanship, and club loyalty to Universitario.[99] Fernández participated as a key member of the Rodillo Negro team of the 1930s, along with Alejandro Villanueva and Juan Valdivieso.[100] Fernández scored most of the team's goals; his partner in attack, the gifted playmaker Villanueva, awed audiences with his acrobatic skills. Goalkeeper Valdivieso had a reputation as a penalty stopper with exceptional athleticism.[101]
In 1972, teams representing Europe and South America played a commemorative match in Basel, Switzerland, for the benefit of homeless children. Cubillas, Chumpitaz, Sotil, and Julio Baylón played in the South American team, which won the game 2–0; Cubillas scored the first goal.[102] The teams held another match the following year, at Barcelona's Camp Nou, with the declared intent of fighting global poverty. Cubillas, Chumpitaz, and Sotil again participated, with Chumpitaz named South America's captain. Each of the Peruvians scored in a 4–4 draw, which South America won 7–6 on penalties.[103]
Managers
![Photo of a man with a moustache, wearing a sports outfit, in a thoughtful pose](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Valdir_Pereira_Peru_Coach_in_1970.png/170px-Valdir_Pereira_Peru_Coach_in_1970.png)
A total of 59 managers have led the Peru national football team since 1927 (including multiple spells separately); of these, 36 have been from Peru and 23 have been from abroad.[104] Sports analysts and historians generally consider Peru's most successful managers to have been the Englishman Jack Greenwell and the Peruvian Marcos Calderón. The former managed Peru to triumph in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 South American Championship, and the latter led Peru to victory in the 1975 Copa América tournament and coached it at the 1978 FIFA World Cup.[105][106] Three other managers have led Peru to tournament victories—Juan Carlos Oblitas, Freddy Ternero, and Sergio Markarián each oversaw Peru's victory in the Kirin Cup in Japan, in 1999, 2005 and 2011, respectively.[107]
Soon after forming Peru's national football team, the FPF invited Uruguayan coaches Pedro Olivieri and Julio Borelli to manage the squad. Olivieri received the FPF's first appointment, for the 1927 South American Championship, due to his prior experience managing Uruguay. Borelli became the national team's second manager, for the 1929 South American Championship, after some years of refereeing football matches in Peru.[108] The Spaniard Francisco Bru, Peru's third manager and first World Cup coach at the inaugural tournament in 1930, previously had been Spain's first manager.[105] The FPF next appointed the national team's first Peruvian coach, Telmo Carbajo, for the 1935 South American Championship.[104] The team's manager since 2015 is the Argentine Ricardo Gareca.[1]
Managers that brought outstanding changes to the Peru national team's style of play include the Hungarian György Orth and the Brazilians Didi and Tim. Orth coached Peru from 1957 to 1959; sports historian Andreas Campomar cites Peru's "4–1 thrashing of England in Lima" as evidence of Orth's positive influence over the national team's offensive game.[109] Víctor Benítez, Peru's defensive midfielder under Orth, attributes the Hungarian with maximizing the team's potential by accurately placing each player in their optimal positions.[110] Didi coached Peru from 1968 to 1970 and managed it at the 1970 FIFA World Cup; Campomar attributes Didi's tactics as the reason for Peru's development of a "free-flowing football" style.[109] Placar, a Brazilian sports journal, attributed Tim, who managed Peru at the 1982 FIFA World Cup, with making Peru "a team that plays beautiful, combining efficiency with that swagger that people thought only existed in Brazil".[111]
Competitive records
FIFA World Cup
![An action shot from a football match. A goalkeeper jumps and catches the ball.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rumania_v_Per%C3%BA%2C_Los_Sports%2C_1930-07-25_%28385%29_02.jpg/220px-Rumania_v_Per%C3%BA%2C_Los_Sports%2C_1930-07-25_%28385%29_02.jpg)
Peru has taken part in the World Cup finals four times. The Peruvian team competed at the first World Cup in 1930 by invitation, and has entered each tournament at the qualifying stage since 1958, qualifying for the finals four times: in 1970, 1978, 1982 and 2018. Its all-time record in World Cup qualifying matches, as of 2017, stands at 42 wins, 36 draws and 69 losses. In the finals, the team has won four matches, drawn three and lost eight, with 19 goals in favour and 31 against.[21] Peru won the inaugural FIFA Fair Play Trophy, awarded at the 1970 World Cup, having been the only team not to receive any yellow or red cards during the competition.[32] Peru has the peculiar distinction of facing the future FIFA World Cup champions during the tournament's finals phase.[112]
Luis de Souza Ferreira scored Peru's first World Cup goal on 14 July 1930, in a match against Romania.[113] José Velásquez scored Peru's fastest World Cup finals goal—that is, that scored soonest after kick-off—two minutes into the match against Iran on 11 June 1978.[114] Jefferson Farfán is Peru's top scorer and fifth-overall top scorer in CONMEBOL World Cup qualification, with 16 goals.[115] Teófilo Cubillas is the team's top scorer in the World Cup finals, with 10 goals in 13 games.[116] During the 1930 competition, a Peruvian became the first player sent off in a World Cup—his identity is disputed between sources.[F] Peru's Ramón Quiroga holds the unusual record of being the only goalkeeper to commit a foul in the opponent's side of the pitch in a match at the World Cup finals.[119]
FIFA World Cup | Qualification | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Host | Round | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | Squad | Pos. | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | |
1930 | ![]() |
Group stage | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | Squad | Qualified as invitees | |||||||
1934 | ![]() |
Withdrew | Withdrew | ||||||||||||||
1938 | ![]() |
Did not enter | Did not enter | ||||||||||||||
1950 to 1954 | Withdrew | Withdrew | |||||||||||||||
1958 | ![]() |
Did not qualify | 2nd | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
1962 | ![]() |
2nd | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
1966 | ![]() |
2nd | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 6 | |||||||||
1970 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 9 | Squad | 1st | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 4 | |
1974 | ![]() |
Did not qualify | Play-off | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||
1978 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 12 | Squad | 2nd | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 3 | |
1982 | ![]() |
Group stage | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | Squad | 1st | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | |
1986 | ![]() |
Did not qualify | Play-offs | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 9 | ||||||||
1990 | ![]() |
3rd | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 8 | |||||||||
1994 | ![]() |
4th | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||
1998 | ![]() |
5th | 16 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 19 | 20 | |||||||||
2002 | ![]() ![]() |
8th | 18 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 25 | |||||||||
2006 | ![]() |
9th | 18 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 20 | 28 | |||||||||
2010 | ![]() |
10th | 18 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 11 | 34 | |||||||||
2014 | ![]() |
7th | 16 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 17 | 26 | |||||||||
2018 | ![]() |
Group stage | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Squad | Play-off | 20 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 29 | 26 | |
2022 | ![]() |
Did not qualify | Play-off | 19 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 19 | 22 | ||||||||
2026 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
To be determined | In progress | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 8 | ||||||||
2030 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
To be determined | |||||||||||||||
2034 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||
Total | Quarter-finals | 18 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 21 | 33 | — | 5/22 | 174 | 50 | 43 | 81 | 184 | 241 |
Copa América
![An action shot from a football match. A player scores from a bicycle kick.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Peru_Chile_Copa_America_1975_Oblitas_Chalaca_Version2.png/220px-Peru_Chile_Copa_America_1975_Oblitas_Chalaca_Version2.png)
Peru's national team has taken part in 31 editions of the Copa América since 1927, and has won the competition twice (in 1939 and 1975). The country has hosted the tournament six times (in 1927, 1935, 1939, 1953, 1957 and 2004). Peru's overall record in the competition is 52 victories, 33 draws, and 57 losses.[21] Peru won the Fair Play award in the 2015 edition.[120]
Demetrio Neyra scored Peru's first goal in the competition on 13 November 1927, in a match against Bolivia.[52] Christian Cueva scored Peru's fastest Copa América goal, two minutes into the match against Brazil on 14 June 2015.[121] Three tournaments have featured a Peruvian top scorer—Teodoro Fernández in 1939 and Paolo Guerrero in 2011 and 2015.[122] Fernández, the Copa América's third-overall scorer, was named best player of the 1939 tournament; Teófilo Cubillas, voted the best player in the 1975 competition, is the only other Peruvian to win this award.[123]
Peru earned its first continental title in 1939, when it won the South American Championship with successive victories over Ecuador, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. This marked the first time that the competition had been won by a team other than Uruguay, Brazil, or Argentina.[124] Peru became South American champions for the second time in 1975, when it won that year's Copa América, the first to feature all ten CONMEBOL members.[125] Peru came top of their group in the first round, eliminating Chile and Bolivia, and in the semifinals drew with Brazil over two legs, winning 3–1 in Brazil but losing 2–0 at home. Peru was declared the winner by drawing of lots. In the two-legged final between Colombia and Peru, both teams won their respective home games (1–0 in Bogota and 2–0 in Lima), forcing a play-off in Caracas that Peru won 1–0.[126]
Template:Peru Copa América record
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Peru competed in the CONCACAF Gold Cup's fifth edition in 2000. Peru participated, along with Colombia and South Korea, as that year's invitees. The Peruvian team's overall record in the tournament is 1 victory, 1 draw, and 2 losses.[21]
Ysrael Zúñiga scored Peru's first goal in the competition on 14 February 2000, in a match against Haiti. Roberto Palacios, the team's top scorer with two goals in four matches, received a spot in that year's "team of the tournament", comprising the competition's eleven best players.[127]
Peru progressed past the North American tournament's first stage, despite not winning any of its matches, as the second-best ranked team in Group B behind the United States.[127] Peru next defeated Honduras 5–3 in a heated quarterfinals match that ended a minute early due to a pitch invasion by irate Honduran fans.[128] Colombia defeated Peru 2–1 in the semifinals, in a match that included an own goal from Peru's Marcial Salazar.[127]
Olympic Games
Peru's senior side has competed in the Olympic football tournament once, at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. The multiracial 1936 team has been latterly described by historian David Goldblatt as "the jewel of the country's first Olympic delegation".[129] It had a record of two victories, scoring 11 goals and conceding 5.[21]
Teodoro Fernández scored Peru's first goal in the tournament in the match against Finland on 6 August, and finished as the team's top scorer with six goals in two games, including Peru's only hat-trick at the Olympics.[130]
The 1935 South American Championship in Lima acted as the qualifying stage for the 1936 Olympic tournament. Uruguay won undefeated and Argentina came second, but neither took up their Olympic spot because of economic issues. Peru, who had come third, duly represented South America.[4][131] The Peruvian team began the competition with a 7–3 win over Finland,[130] after which it faced Austria, managed by Jimmy Hogan and popularly known as the Wunderteam, in the quarterfinals.[G] After the game ended 2–2, Peru scored twice in extra time to win 4–2.[135] Peru expected to then face Poland in the semifinals, but events off the pitch led to the withdrawal of Peru's Olympic delegation before the match.[H]
Team records and results
The Peru national football team has played 610 matches since 1927, including friendlies.[21] The largest margin of victory achieved by a Peru side is 9–1 against Ecuador, on 11 August 1938 at the Bolivarian Games in Colombia. The team's record deficit, 7–0, occurred against Brazil at the 1997 Copa América in Bolivia.[21]
The Peruvian player with the most international caps is Roberto Palacios, who represented the country 128 times between 1992 and 2007. Second is Héctor Chumpitaz, with 105 appearances; Jorge Soto is third with 101. The most capped goalkeeper is Óscar Ibáñez, who played for Peru 50 times between 1998 and 2005. Second is Miguel Miranda with 47 appearances; Ramón Quiroga is third with 40.[138]
The team's all-time top goalscorer is Paolo Guerrero, with 34 goals in 87 appearances. He is followed by Teófilo Cubillas, who scored 26 goals in 81 appearances, and Jefferson Farfán, with 25 goals in 81 games.[138] Teodoro Fernández, with 24 goals in 32 games, holds the best goal-per-appearance record out of the country's top 10 scorers.[138] Claudio Pizarro scored Peru's fastest goal, less than a minute into the match against Mexico on 20 August 2003.[139]
Peru's current captain is forward Paolo Guerrero.[2] Midfielder Leopoldo Basurto was the team's first captain.[140] Defender Héctor Chumpitaz held the Peruvian team's leadership position for the longest time, between 1965 and 1981.[2] Forward Claudio Pizarro had the second-longest term as Peru's captain, between 2003 and 2016.[140] Other notable captains of the national team include Rubén Díaz (1981-1985), Julio César Uribe (1987-1989), Juan Reynoso (1993-1999), and Nolberto Solano (2000-2003).[2]
See also
- Peru national football team indiscipline scandals
- Peru women's national football team
- Peru national under-17 football team
- Peru national under-20 football team
- Peru national beach soccer team
- Peru national futsal team
- Peruvian Primera División
- Sport in Peru
Bibliography
- Agostino, Gilberto (2002). Vencer Ou Morrer: Futebol, Geopolítica e Identidade Nacional (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: FAPERJ & MAUAD Editora Ltda. ISBN 85-7478-068-5.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Aguirre, Carlos (2013). Aguirre, Carlos; Panfichi, Aldo (eds.). <<Perú Campeón>>: Fiebre Futbolística y Nacionalismo en 1970. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. ISBN 978-612-4146-58-9.
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ignored (help) - Basadre, Jorge (1964). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Vol. 10. Lima: Talleres Graficos P.L. Villanueva S.A.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bravo, Gonzalo (2012). "Association Football, Pacific Coast of South America". In Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (eds.). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-301-9.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Campomar, Andreas (2014). Golazo! The Beautiful Game from the Aztecs to the World Cup. New York City: Riverhead Books. ISBN 978-0-698-15253-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Dunmore, Tom (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Fiore, Fernando (2012). ¡Vamos al Mundial! (in Spanish). New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-222664-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Foley Gambetta, Enrique (1983). Léxico del Peru (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Lima: Talleres Jahnos.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Goldblatt, David (2008). The Ball is Round. New York: Riverhead Trade. ISBN 1-59448-296-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Handelsman, Michael (2000). Culture and Customs of Ecuador. Westport: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30244-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Henshaw, Richard (1979). The Encyclopedia of World Soccer. Washington, D.C.: New Republic Books. ISBN 0-915220-34-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Higgins, James (2005). Lima: A Cultural and Literary History. Oxford: Signal Books Limited. ISBN 1-902669-98-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Jacobsen, Nils (2008). Herb, Guntram; Kaplan, David (eds.). Peru. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-85109-907-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|encyclopedia=
ignored (help) - Leigh Raffo, Denise (2005). Rosas Lauro, Claudia (ed.). El miedo a la multitud. Dos provincianos en el Estadio Nacional, 1950–1970 (in Spanish). Lima: PUCP Fondo Editorial. ISBN 9972-42-690-4.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
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ignored (help) - Llopis, Ramón (2009). Fútbol Postnacional: Transformaciones Sociales y Culturales del "Deporte Global" en Europa y América Latina (in Spanish). Barcelona: Anthropos Editorial. ISBN 978-84-7658-937-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Mandell, Richard (1987). The Nazi Olympics. Champaign: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01325-5.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Miró, César (1958). Los Intimos de La Victoria (in Spanish). Lima: Editorial El Deporte.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Murray, William (1994). Football: A History of the World Game. Aldershot: Scolar Press. ISBN 1-85928-091-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Panfichi, Aldo; Vich, Victor (2005). "Political and Social Fantasies in Peruvian Football: The Tragedy of Alianza Lima in 1987". In Darby, Paul; Johnes, Martin; Mellor, Gavin (eds.). Soccer and Disaster: International Perspectives. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5352-7.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Radnedge, Keir (2001). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Soccer. New York: Universe Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7893-0670-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Snyder, John (2001). Soccer's Most Wanted. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-57488-365-7.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Stein, Steve (2011). "The Case of Soccer in Early Twentieth-Century Lima". In Stavans, Ilan (ed.). Fútbol. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. ISBN 978-0-313-37515-6.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Thorndike, Guillermo (1978). El Revés de Morir (in Spanish). Lima: Mosca Azul Editores.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Witzig, Richard (2006). The Global Art of Soccer. Harahan: CusiBoy Publishing. ISBN 0-9776688-0-0.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Wood, David (2007). Miller, Rory; Crolley, Liz (eds.). ¡Arriba Perú! The Role of Football in the Formation of a Peruvian National Culture. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas. ISBN 978-1-900039-80-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|encyclopedia=
ignored (help) - Soccer: The Ultimate Guide. New York: DK Publishing. 2010. ISBN 0-7566-7321-6.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - Essential Soccer Skills. New York: DK Publishing. 2011. ISBN 978-0-7566-5902-8.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help)
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ The acronym FPF comes from the organisation's Spanish name, Federación Peruana de Futbol.
- ^ The Lima Cricket and Football Club might also be the oldest club in the Americas that today plays association football.[8]
- ^ During these games in Callao, the Peruvians possibly invented the bicycle kick, which is known in Peru as the chalaca (meaning "from Callao").[14]
- ^ The European press also named them the "Peru-Chile XI", the "South American Team", and the "All-Pacific". Most players were from Peru's Universitario de Deportes, and the rest were reinforcements from Alianza Lima, Atlético Chalaco, and Chile's Colo-Colo.[16]
- ^ When the Peruvian government impeded Burga's re-election as FPF president in late 2008, charging him with not complying the FPF's statutes according to Peruvian law, FIFA suspended the Peruvian national team and football league—citing political interference. These sanctions were lifted in December 2008 after the Peruvian Institute of Sport (IPD) agreed to negotiate with the FPF.[42]
- ^ FIFA lists the player as defender Plácido Galindo,[117] but forward Souza Ferreira and other sources list midfielder Mario de las Casas.[118]
- ^ Although an amateur side in 1936 with no players from their 1934 World Cup team,[132] Austria's 1936 Olympic side is also considered part of the Wunderteam by sports historians and FIFA. This favours the idea that the Wunderteam was primarily a strategic creation of coaches Jimmy Hogan and Hugo Meisl.[133][134]
- ^ Austria disputed the 4–2 result, asserting that Peruvian fans had invaded the pitch.[136] While some spectators did encroach on the field of play, the authorities never confirmed their nationality. Moreover, the Peruvians had no responsibility over crowd control in the German stadium.[137] A FIFA committee headed by Jules Rimet ordered a replay behind closed doors, a suggestion that prompted Peru's President Óscar R. Benavides to withdraw his entire Olympic delegation in protest.[136]
References
- ^ a b c "Ricardo Gareca: "Es el desafío más importante de mi carrera"". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 2 March 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Selección: Paolo Guerrero y los delanteros de Perú". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ "World Football Elo Ratings - Peru". eloratings.net. World Football Elo Ratings. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Witzig 2006, p. 349.
- ^ a b "A derby and a debut in South America". FIFA. 10 October 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ a b c "La Blanquiroja" (in Spanish). ArkivPeru. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ a b Gerardo Tomas Álvarez Escalona. "La difusión del fútbol en Lima" (in Spanish). National University of San Marcos. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ "¿Sabías que Perú tiene el club de fútbol más antiguo de América?". Perú.com (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Higgins 2005, p. 130.
- ^ Eli Schmerler and Carlos Manuel Nieto Tarazona (14 March 2013). "Peru – Foundation Dates of Clubs". RSSSF. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ^ Juan Luis Orrego Penagos (18 October 2008). "La historia del fútbol en el Perú" (in Spanish). Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP). Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Jacobsen 2008, p. 378.
- ^ a b c Henshaw 1979, p. 571.
- ^ DK Publishing 2011, p. 100.
- ^ See:
- Goldblatt 2008, pp. 135–136,
- Stein 2011, pp. 3–4.
- ^ a b c d Campomar 2014, p. 153.
- ^ Goldblatt 2008, p. 135.
- ^ Murray 1994, p. 127.
- ^ "Historia" (in Spanish). FPF. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora (23 October 2007). "La Selección Peruana de 1924" (in Spanish). Jaime Pulgar-Vidal. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g José Luis Pierrend (6 March 2012). "Peru International Results". RSSSF. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ Basadre 1964, pp. 4672–4673.
- ^ Basadre 1964, pp. 4671–4673.
- ^ Iván Carpio (26 January 2012). "Rayas históricas" (in Spanish). DeChalaca. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- ^ See:
- Basadre 1964, pp. 4671–4673,
- Miró 1958, p. 66.
- ^ Thorndike 1978, p. 158.
- ^ Waldemar Iglesias (31 July 2012). "Cuando Perú Humilló a Hitler". Clarín (in Spanish). Grupo Clarín. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ a b Goldblatt 2008, p. 642.
- ^ a b Henshaw 1979, p. 572.
- ^ "The Silence of the Bombonera". FIFA. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Radnedge 2001, p. 195.
- ^ a b "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7" (PDF). FIFA. 18 March 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013.
- ^ Fiore 2012, p. "El Nene" de Perú.
- ^ DK Publishing 2010, p. 75.
- ^ a b c Tim Vickery (29 June 2015). "Chile must see off Peru attack to win first Copa America trophy on home soil". ESPN FC. ESPN Inc. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Panfichi & Vich 2005, pp. 161, 173.
- ^ Panfichi & Vich 2005, pp. 161–162, 173.
- ^ a b "Copa Kirin: Perú ya fue campeón en 1999 y el 2005". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Caro Acosta (2 July 2015). "El Sabor Que Le Dio Conmebol a la Copa Oro". Goal Mexico. Goal.com. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Charles F. Walker (2010). "Review of Ese Gol Existe, ed. Aldo Panfichi". Hispanic American Historical Review. 90 (3). Duke University Press: 569–571. doi:10.1215/00182168-2010-033.
- ^ Tim Vickery (2 November 2014). "Federation infighting deepens existing football trouble in Peru". ESPN FC. ESPN Inc. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "La FIFA levantó la suspensión al fútbol peruano". Perú 21 (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 20 December 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "Venezuela no olvida que Perú le quitó el tercer puesto en la Copa América". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 4 September 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "Edwin Oviedo is the new president of the Peruvian Football Federation". CONMEBOL. 18 December 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "South America football corruption trial begins in New York". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 14 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ "Ricardo Gareca Vows More Peru Rebuilding". beIn Sports. 3 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Peru became the final side to qualify for the World Cup with a 2-0 play-off victory over New Zealand". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 15 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 338.
- ^ Christopher Turpin (15 June 2010). "The Lost Elegance Of Football Jerseys". NPR. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Miles Kohrman (10 July 2014). "Was This the Best World Cup Uniform of All Time?". The New Republic. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ Roger Bennett (10 March 2010). "Best World Cup jerseys of all time". ESPN. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- ^ a b c Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora (24 February 2007). "Hace 80 Años Debutó Peru" (in Spanish). Jaime Pulgar-Vidal. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora (6 September 2012). "La Blanquiroja: La Camiseta de Todos los Colores" (in Spanish). Jaime Pulgar-Vidal. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Marcelo Hidalgo (23 October 2016). "Federación Peruana de Fútbol: todos los escudos en su historia". Depor.com (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ "Las marcas que vistieron a la selección nacional". La República (in Spanish). Grupo La República. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ Mario Fernández (3 December 2010). "Modelo 2011: Conozca la Nueva Camiseta de la Selección peruana". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ "Marathon vestiría a la selección peruana". Perú21 (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ "Estadio Nacional se inauguró con la selección y fuegos artificiales". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 24 July 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ a b "Colonia británica donó primer estadio nacional" (in Spanish). Británico. 25 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Google Maps: Así luce el Estadio Nacional desde el aplicativo". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ a b Juan Luis Orrego Penagos (20 October 2008). "Estadios de fútbol en Lima (1)" (in Spanish). PUCP. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Leigh Raffo 2005, p. 266.
- ^ Víctor R. Nomberto (23 July 2011). "Historia del Estadio Nacional" (in Spanish). PUCP. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ "IPD ofrece un recorrido en 360° del Estadio Nacional de Lima" (in Spanish). Andina.com. 26 July 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "No más sintético: el Estadio Nacional ya luce césped natural". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ "Evaluará FIFA Cuestionadas Canchas Artificiales en Perú". El Universal (in Spanish). El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional. 9 March 2007. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Witzig 2006, pp. 323–325.
- ^ "La selección también jugará en Matute". Perú 21 (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 18 February 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ "Selección Nacional podría jugar ante Ecuador en el Estadio Monumental". Depor.pe (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 10 April 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "Terreno de la Videna es del IPD, señala Serpar ante reclamo de vecinos". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 9 September 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Perú clasificó a Rusia 2018 y tendrá nueva casa". Depor.pe (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 11 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ Bravo 2012, p. 42.
- ^ Wood 2007, p. 128.
- ^ Wood 2007, pp. 128–129.
- ^ Campomar 2014, pp. 303–304.
- ^ Aguirre 2013, pp. 397–398.
- ^ Foley Gambetta 1983, p. 12.
- ^ a b Wood 2007, p. 130.
- ^ "Cuando Óscar Avilés "clasificó" con Perú al Mundial de 1978". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 5 April 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- ^ Aguirre 2013, p. 412.
- ^ See:
- Snyder 2001, p. 78,
- Goldblatt 2008, p. 642.
- ^ See:
- Snyder 2001, p. 79,
- Goldblatt 2008, p. 642.
- ^ a b "Ecuador-Peru, 1938–2011". RSSSF. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ a b c "Chile – Peru matches, 1935–2011". RSSSF. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 652.
- ^ Greg Duke (6 November 2008). "Top 10 international rivalries". CNN. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
- ^ Pahuacho Portella, Alonso Roberto (2017). La representación de la rivalidad futbolística Perú/Chile en la prensa escrita peruana: Análisis de los diarios El Comercio, La Prensa y La Crónica (1935-1947) (Licentiate) (in Spanish). Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 126.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 22.
- ^ Llopis 2009, p. 171.
- ^ a b Handelsman 2000, p. 49.
- ^ "Perú envía a FIFA lista preliminar para Mundial de Rusia-2018". Prensa.com (in Spanish). 14 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ "El TAS amplía la sanción de Paolo Guerrero y lo deja sin Mundial". MARCA.com (in Spanish). 14 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ a b "Peruvian Football Federation". CONMEBOL. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ "Gareca: I want Peru to boss matches at the World Cup". FIFA.com. 11 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ See:
- Witzig 2006, p. 156,
- Henshaw 1979, p. 160,
- Dunmore 2011, p. 63.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 149.
- ^ Panfichi & Vich 2005, p. 161.
- ^ "The first king of La U and Peru". FIFA.com. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
- ^ Witzig 2006, pp. 131, 350, 486.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 350.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 143.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, pp. 144–145.
- ^ a b "Selección peruana: Estos han sido sus entrenadores a lo largo de la historia". Perú21 (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 5 March 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- ^ a b Roberto Castro (16 May 2008). "Once Ideal: La cumbre de los técnicos" (in Spanish). DeChalaca. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Panfichi & Vich 2005, p. 162.
- ^ "Perú comparte la Copa Kirin con Japón y República Checa". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 7 June 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Raúl Behr (6 June 2012). "El entrenador del silbato" (in Spanish). DeChalaca. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ a b Campomar 2014, p. 304.
- ^ Mario Fernández Guevara (17 December 2013). "Víctor Benítez: "¿Pizarro jugó? Yo sí jugué los 90 minutos y fui campeón de Europa"". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
- ^ Sérgio Cabral (1981). "A Bringo O Jogo". Placar (592). Editora Abril: 30.
- ^ "Perú siempre jugó en los Mundiales con el equipo que terminó siendo campeón". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 18 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 789.
- ^ "Selección Peruana: planteles, resultados y datos caletas en los mundiales". Depor.com (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ "Jefferson Farfán es uno de los goleadores históricos de las Eliminatorias". RPP Noticias (in Spanish). Grupo RPP. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 156.
- ^ "101 Facts" (PDF). FIFA Magazine. June–July 2006. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ Pedro Canelo (11 May 2010). "El primer expulsado en la historia de los mundiales fue peruano". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 341.
- ^ "Perú obtuvo el premio Fair Play de la Copa América 2015". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 4 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "Selección Peruana: Christian Cueva anotó el gol más rápido de la bicolor en 40 años". Depor.com (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 14 June 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ Roberto Mamrud and Karel Stokkermans (14 March 2013). "Copa América 1916–2011". RSSSF. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ Martín Tabeira (19 July 2007). "The Copa América Archive – Trivia". RSSSF. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, pp. 648, 652.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 648.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, pp. 656–657.
- ^ a b c Barrie Courtney (19 November 2005). "CONCACAF Championship, Gold Cup 2000 - Full Details". RSSSF. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ Associated Press (20 February 2000). "CONPLUS: SOCCER -- GOLD CUP; Peru Given Victory After Riot in Miami". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ Goldblatt 2008, p. 641.
- ^ a b Witzig 2006, p. 351.
- ^ Martín Tabeira (23 November 2007). "Southamerican Championship 1935". RSSSF. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
- ^ Roberto Castro and Alfredo Tirado (3 August 2010). "Perú en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1936: Berlín sin muros" (in Spanish). DeChalaca. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ See:
- Agostino 2002, p. 80,
- Witzig 2006, p. 351.
- ^ "Classic Coach: Hugo Meisl – The banker's son who masterminded a Wunderteam". FIFA. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ Murray 1994, p. 66.
- ^ a b Mandell 1987, p. 194.
- ^ Witzig 2006, pp. 352, 358.
- ^ a b c José Luis Pierrend (29 February 2012). "Peru – Record International Players". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "'Cachito' anotó el tercer gol más rápido de Perú en los últimos años". Depor.pe (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 8 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Fiestas Patrias: ¿Recuerdas a los últimos capitanes de la Selección Peruana? Algunos te sorprenderán". Depor.com (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 8 October 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
External links