Milan Zeleny, Ing., M. S., Ph.D. (born on January 22, 1942, Klucké Chvalovice) is a Czech-American economist, expert in the fields of multiple criteria decision making, productivity, management systems and business economics; currently a Professor of Management Systems at Fordham University,^[1] New York City.

Professor Zeleny is also a Visiting Professor at the Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Czech Republic, and has been Academic Vice Dean and Professor at Xidian University in Xi’an, China. In 2006 also a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Fu Jen University in Taipei, in 2007 at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, and in 2009-10 at IBMEC in Rio de Janeiro. For many years he has lectured at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Naples.^[2]

Academic Focus

Zeleny's research focus is multidisciplinary and systems oriented, exploring the interfaces of a number of disciplines, especially economics, business, systems science and socio-biological autopoiesis. Among his many major contributions are the concepts of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Knowledge Management (KM), De Novo Programming, Tradeoffs-free Economics, Social Autopoiesis, Economic Transformation, Technology Support Network, Reintegration of Labor, Systems Self-sustainability and Economic Relocalization.

Professor Zeleny is permanently ranked No. 1 among Czech economists, according to Hirsch Citation and Publication Index. Since 1992, he regularly appears in the listings of Who's Who in Science and Engineering,^[3] Who's Who in America (also in the East; in the World and of Professionals). He is the author of more than six hundred scientific publications, studies and books. In 2012, he declared his intention to run for presidency of the Czech Republic, but then withdrew from participating in the elections.

Personal life

Milan Zeleny was born 22. 1. 1942, in a small village of Klucké Chvalovice in eastern Bohemia. After studies at the Prague School of Economics (Ing., 1964), military service in Prague, and a few years at the Czech Academy of Sciences, he left the communist Czechoslovakia in 1967 to expand his education for Ph.D. in Operations Research and Business Economics at the University of Rochester, where he also received his M.S. in Systems Management in 1970.

Milan’s roots come from the literary family of Vácslav and Vladivoj Zelený. His father, Josef Zelený, founded one of the first organizational consulting firms in the 30s and 40s in Prague (“ZET-organizace"). After the communist takeover in 1948, his father became a coal miner (in Kladno) and his uncle worked in the uranium mines of Jáchymov. Milan’s fate as an exulant from his own country, and a global professor of his later years, was sealed.

Academic career

After studies in the USA, Zeleny followed a string of employments: 1971-1972, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C., Assistant Professor of Statistics and Management Science; 1972-1979, Columbia University, New York, Associate Professor of Business Administration; 1979-1980, Copenhagen School of Economics, Copenhagen, Denmark, Professor of Economics; 1980-1981, European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management (EIASM), Brussels, Belgium, Professor of Management Science. Since 1982 he has served as Professor of Management Systems at Fordham University at Lincoln Center, New York City, the place of his permanent tenured appointment.

Zeleny´s very early research (before 1967) involved Critical Path Analysis. The Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) he initiated in 1972. Later he developed new interests in Knowledge Management (KM), with a first paper in the field in 1987. Other research areas included: Games with multiple payoffs, Integrated Process Management (IPM), Knowledge-based theory of fuzzy sets, Baťa System of Management, High-technology management, Mass customization, Portfolio selection, Risk analysis, Measurement of consumer attitudes, Human intuition, Creativity and judgment, Simulation models of biological organization, Autopoiesis, Artificial life (AL), Osmotic growths and synthetic biology, Spontaneous social organizations and early Computer modeling (via GPSS, APL, FORTRAN and BASIC).

In recent years, his main research has concentrated on corporation as a living organism (The BioCycle of Business). He also became active in consulting and later on in CEO coaching, while pursuing practical projects of Entrepreneurial University, Electromobility, Recycling and remanufacturing, and Integration of data, information, knowledge and wisdom into a coherent DIKW Management support. His multidisciplinary and even transdisciplinary orientation continues until today.

Academic Journals

Zeleny has served as the Editor-in-Chief of Human Systems Management, the global journal, over the last thirty three years. He also served on editorial boards of Operations and Quantitative Management, International Strategic Management, Operations Research, Computers and Operations Research, Future Generations Computer Systems, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, General Systems Yearbook and Prestige Journal of Management and Research.

Currently he is serving on editorial boards of International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making, International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organization, Economics and Management, Journal of Competitiveness, Information and Operations Management Education, International Journal of Information and Operations Management Education, International Journal of Multicriteria Decision Making (IJMCDM) and International Journal of Innovation and Learning, Strategic Decision Sciences, etc.

Author

In Zeleny’s new book, Human Systems Management: Integrating Knowledge, Management and Systems, World Scientific, 2005 (reprint 2008), he summarizes knowledge as purposeful coordination of action and its implications for the global economics and management. He also indicates how the sector evolution from agriculture, industry, services and government leads to self-service and disintermediation, the first manifestations of the transformation from globalization to relocalization of economic activities.^[4]

Other recently published books include Information Technology in Business (Thomson International) and co-edition of New Frontiers of Decision Making for the Information Technology Era (World Scientific). Currently in progress: The new edition of Human Systems Management, Outlines of The Biocycle of Business: Managing Enterprise as a Living Organism, Roads to Success: Bata Management System and other projects, like The Emerging Economy, Knowledge of Enterprise, and The Foundations of Wisdom Systems.

Among the earlier books are Multiple Criteria Decision Making (McGraw-Hill), Linear Multiobjective Programming (Springer-Verlag), Autopoiesis, Dissipative Structures and Spontaneous Social Orders (Westview Press), MCDM-Past Decades and Future Trends (JAI Press), Autopoiesis: A Theory of the Living Organization (Elsevier North Holland), Uncertain Prospects Ranking and Portfolio Analysis (Verlag Anton Hain), Multiple Criteria Decision Making (University of South Carolina Press) and Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Kyoto 1975 (Springer-Verlag).

His recent books in Czech include Cesty k úspěchu (Roads to Success), Neučte se z vlastních chyb (Do not Learn from your Own Mistakes), Hledání vlastní cesty (Searching for your Own Way), Všechno bude jinak (Everything will be Different), To vám byl divný svět (What a Strange World it Was) and some others.

Zeleny is the author of over 600 papers and articles, ranging from operations research, cybernetics and general systems, to economics, history of science, total quality management, and simulation of autopoiesis and artificial life (AL). Articles on Integrated Process Management (IPM), the Bata-System and Mass Customization were translated into Japanese, others into Chinese, French, Italian, Hungarian, Slovak, Czech, Russian and Polish (Zeleny also wrote over 500 short stories, literary essays and political reviews in Czech, Slovak and English).

Awards

Among Zeleny’s major awards are:

• Erskine Fellowship, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
• The Georg Cantor Award, International Society of MCDM
• USIA Fulbright Professor in Prague, Czechoslovakia
• Bernstein Memorial Lecturer, Tel-Aviv, Israel
• Alexander von Humboldt Award, Bonn, Germany
• Rockefeller Foundation Resident Scholar, Bellagio Study Center
• Norbert Wiener Award of Kybernetes

Membership

Zeleny’s memberships have included AAAS, TIMS, ORSA, SGSR, HSM, SASE, Beta Gamma Sigma, Omega Rho, and Club of Rome. He is listed in all major Who's Who.

Among his more interesting adjunct and visiting positions were CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa, Mathematics and Statistics, Visiting Scientist, 1986; State University of New York at Binghamton, School of Advanced Technology, Professor in General Systems, 1986-1992; Program MBA, Irish Management Institute (IMI), Dublin, Professor of Management Systems,1986-1990; Centro Studi di Estimo e di Economia Territoriale, Florence, Italy, Professor, 1992; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II,^[5] Dipartimento di Conservazione dei beni, Architettonici ed Ambientali, Naples, Italy, Visiting Professor of Environmental Economics, 1993.

Publishing activities

Selected academic publications are sorted by different disciplines and research areas:

Pre-exile work till 1967

• Analysis of Complex Projects by Critical Path Method (Analýza složitých procesů metodou kritické cesty), Ekonomicko-matematická laboratoř při EÚ ČSAV, Výzkumná publikace č. 4, Praha, 1964, p. 130.
• "Network Analysis Techniques (CPM, PERT)" (Metody analýzy sítí (CPM, PERT)), Ekonomicko-matematický obzor, 1(1965) 3, pp. 225–262.
• “The Multidimensional Model of Complex Technological Projects” (Vícerozměrný model složitých technicko-ekonomických procesů (VRM-step)), Pozemní stavby, 13(1965), pp. 351–4. (With P. Bezděk)
• “Scientific Management of Complex Systems" (Vědecké řízení složitých soustav), Věda a život, č. 1-2 (1965), pp. 705– 709.
• "Optimal Balancing of Production Lines" (Metody optimálního vyvažování výrobních linek), Podniková Organizace, 20(1966)19, pp. 456– 458.
• American Specialists on Critical Path (Američtí specialisté o kritické cestě), Ekonomicko-matematická laboratoř při EÚ ČSAV, Informační publikace č. 25, Praha, 1966, p. 88.
• "Network Analysis by Dynamic Programming Technique" (Analýza sítě technikou dynamického programování), Ekonomicko–matematický obzor, 3(1967) 1, pp. 63–74.
• "A Markovian Approach to Network Analysis Methods-MANAM” (Markovský přístup k řešení problémů analýzy sítě), Ekonomicko–matematický obzor, 3(1967)2, pp. 214–259.

Optimization

• Linear Multiobjective Programming, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974, p. 220.
• "The Techniques of Linear Multiobjective Programming," Revue Française d'Automatique, d'Informatique et de Recherche Operationelle, 8(1974) V-3, pp. 51–71. (With P. L. Yu)
• "The Set of All Nondominated Solutions in Linear Cases and A Multicriteria Simplex Method," Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 49(1975) 2, pp. 430–468. (With P. L. Yu)
• "Ellipsoid Algorithms in Mathematical Programming," Human Systems Management, 1(1980) 2, pp. 173–178.
• "The Pros and Cons of Goal Programming," Computers and Operations Research, 8(1981)4, pp. 357–359.
• "An External Reconstruction Approach (ERA) to Linear Programming," Computers and Operations Research, 13(1986) 1, pp. 95–100.
• "Optimal System Design: Towards New Interpretation of Shadow Prices in Linear Programming," Computers and Operations Research, 14(1987) 4, pp. 265–271. (With M. Hessel)
• "Fuzziness, Knowledge, and Optimization: New Optimality Concepts," in: Fuzzy Optimization: Recent Advances, edited by M. Delgado, J. Kacprzyk, J.-L. Verdegay and M.A. Vila, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1994, pp. 3–20.
• "Rethinking Optimality: Eight Concepts," Human Systems Management, 15(1996)1, pp. 1–4.
• "Eight Concepts of Optimality," in: Multicriteria Analysis, edited by J. Climaco, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997, pp. 191–200.
• "From Maximization to Optimization: MCDM and the Eight Models of Optimality," in: Essays in Decision Making, edited by M. H. Karwan, J. Spronk and J. Wallenius, Springer-Verlag, 1997, pp. 107–119.

Multiple Criteria Decision Making

• Multiple Criteria Decision Making, University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, S. C., 1973, p. 816. (Editor with J. L. Cochrane)
• "A Concept of Compromise Solutions and the Method of the Displaced Ideal," Computers and Operations Research, 1(1974) 4, pp. 479–496.
• Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Kyoto 1975, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1976, p. 340. (Editor)
• "Games with Multiple Payoffs," International Journal of Game Theory, 4(1976) 4, pp. 179–191.
• Multiple Criteria Decision Making, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982.
• Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Selected Case Studies, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982. (Editor with C. Carlsson and A. Torn)
• MCDM - Past Decade and Future Trends, A Source Book of Multiple Criteria Decision Making, JAI Press, Greenwich, Conn., 1984. (Editor)
• "Introduction: Ten Years of MCDM," in: MCDM - Past Decade and Future Trends, A Source Book of Multiple Criteria Decision Making, edited by M. Zeleny, JAI Press, Greenwich, Conn., 1984, pp. ix-xiii. Also: "Multicriterion Design of High-Productivity Systems," pp. 169–187.
• "Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)," in: Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, vol. 5, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985, pp. 693–696.
• "Multicriteria Decision Making," in: Systems & Control Encyclopedia, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1987, pp. 3116–3121.
• "Systems Approach to Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Metaoptimum," in: Toward Interactive and Intelligent Decision Support Systems, edited by Y. Sawaragi, K. Inoue and H. Nakayama, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987, pp. 28–37.
• "Multicriteria Decision Making," in: Systems & Control Encyclopedia, Supplementary Volume 1, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1990, pp. 431–437.
• "Gestalt System of Holistic Graphics: New Management Support View of MCDM," Computers and Operations Research, 18(1991) 2, pp. 233–239. (With E. Kasanen and R. Ostermark)
• "Cognitive Equilibrium," Ekonomicko-matematický obzor, 27(1991) 1, pp. 53–61
• "Measuring Criteria: Weights of Importance," Human Systems Management, 10(1991) 4, pp. 237–238.
• "An Essay into a Philosophy of MCDM: A Way of Thinking or Another Algorithm?" Invited Essay, Computers and Operations Research, 19(1992) 7, pp. 563–566.
• "The Ideal-Degradation Procedure: Searching for Vector Equilibria," in: Advances In Multicriteria Analysis, edited by P.M. Pardalos, Y. Siskos, C. Zopounidis, Kluwer, 1995, pp. 117–127.
• "Tradeoffs-Free Management," in: The Art and Science of Decision-Making, edited by P. Walden et al., Abo University Press, Abo, 1996, pp. 276–283.
• "Towards the Tradeoffs-Free Optimality in MCDM," in: Multicriteria Analysis, edited by J. Climaco, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997, pp. 596–601.
• "Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Eight Concepts of Optimality," Human Systems Management, 17(1998)2, pp. 97–107.
• “The KM-MCDM interface in decision design: tradeoffs-free conflict dissolution“, Int. J. Applied Decision Sciences, 1(2008)1, pp. 3–23.¨
• “MCDM: From Paradigm Lost to Paradigm Regained?” J. of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis, 2011
• “MCDM: In Search of New Paradigms…” in: The New State of MCDM in 21st Century, MCDM conference, Chengdu, June 22–26, 2009, Springer-Verlag, 2011.

Management Science

• "Managers Without Management Science?" Interfaces, 5(1975) 4, pp. 35–42.
• "New Vistas of Management Science," Computers and Operations Research, 2(1975) 2, pp. 121–125.
• "The Attribute-Dynamic Attitude Model (ADAM)," Management Science, 25(1976) 1, pp. 12–26.
• "Linear Multiparametric Programming by Multicriteria Simplex Method," Management Science, 23(1976) 2, pp. 159–170. (With P. L. Yu)
• Multiple Criteria Decision Making, TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences, Vol. 6, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1977, p. 270. (Editor with M.K. Starr)
• "The Last Mohicans of OR: Or, It Might Be in the 'Genes'," Interfaces, 9(1979) 5, pp. 135–141.
• "Descriptive Decision Making and Its Applications," in: Applications of Management Science, Vol. 1, edited by R.L. Schultz, JAI Press, Greenwich, Conn., 1981, pp. 327–388.
• "New Vistas in Management Science," in: Cases and Readings in Management Science, edited by E.F. Turban and P. Loomba, Business Publications, Plano, Texas, 1982, pp. 319–325.
• "Work and Leisure," in: International Encyclopedia of Business & Management, Routledge, London, 1996, pp. 5082–8. Also: "Multiple Criteria Decision Making," pp. 978–90. "Critical Path Analysis (CPA)," pp. 904–9. "Optimality and Optimization," pp. 3767–80. "Bata-System of Management," pp. 351–4.
• Human Systems Management: Integrating Knowledge, Management and Systems, World Scientific, 2nd Printing 2008.
• “Strategy as Action: from Porter to Anti-Porter,” Int. J. Strategic Decision Sciences, 1(2010)1, pp. 1–22.

Psychology and Judgment

• "On the Inadequacy of the Regression Paradigm Used in the Study of Human Judgment," Theory and Decision, 7(1976) 1/2, pp. 57–65.
• "Conflict Dissolution," General Systems Yearbook, XXI, 1976, pp. 131–136.
• "Intuition and Probability," The Wharton Magazine, 1(1977)4, pp. 63–68.
• "Intuition, Its Failures and Merits," in: Surviving Failures, edited by B. Persson, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, N.J., 1979, pp. 172–183.
• "Cognitive Equilibrium: A New Paradigm of Decision Making?" Human Systems Management, 8(1989)3, pp. 185–188.
• "In Search of Cognitive Equilibrium: Beauty, Quality and Harmony," Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 3(1994), pp. 48.1-48.11.

Autopoiesis

• "Simulation of Self-Renewing Systems," in: Evolution and Consciousness: Human Systems in Transition, edited by E. Jantsch and C.H. Waddington, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Ma., 1976, pp. 150–165. (With N.A. Pierre)
• "Self-Organization of Living Systems: A Formal Model of Autopoiesis," Int. J. General Systems, 4(1977) I, pp. 13–28.
• "APL-AUTOPOIESIS: Experiments in Self-Organization of Complexity," in: Progress in Cybernetics and Systems Research, vol. Ill, edited by R. Trappl et al., Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington, D.C., 1978, pp. 65–84.
• Autopoiesis, Dissipative Structures, and Spontaneous Social Orders, AAAS Selected Symposium 55, Westview Press, Boulder, Co., 1980. (Editor)
• "Autopoiesis: A Paradigm Lost?" in: Autopoiesis, Dissipative Structures, and Spontaneous Social Orders, AAAS Selected Symposium 55, edited by M. Zeleny, Westview Press, Boulder, Co., 1980, pp. 3–43.
• "What Is Autopoiesis?" in: Autopoiesis: A Theory of Living Organization, edited by M. Zeleny, Elsevier North Holland, New York, NY, 1981, pp. 4–17.
• "Autogenesis: On the Self-Organization of Life," in: Autopoiesis: A Theory of Living Organization, edited by M. Zeleny, Elsevier North Holland, New York, NY, 1981, pp. 91–115.
• "Autopoiesis Today," in: Cybernetics Forum, Special Issue Devoted toAutopoiesis, edited by M. Zeleny, 10(1981) 2/3, Summer/Fall 1981, pp. 3–6. Also: "Self-Organization of Living Systems: A Formal Model of Autopoiesis," pp. 24–38.
• "Autopoiesis," in: Systems & Control Encyclopedia, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1987, pp. 393–400.
• "Simulation Models of Autopoiesis: Variable Structure," in: Systems & Control Encyclopedia, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1987, pp. 4374–4377.
• "Simulation Models of Autopoiesis: Variable Structure," in: Systems & Control Encyclopedia, Supplementary Volume 1, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1990, pp. 543–547.
• "All Autopoietic Systems Must Be Social Systems," Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 14(1991) 3, pp. 311–332. (With K. D. Hufford)
• "Are Biological Systems Social Systems?" Human Systems Management, 10(1991)2, pp. 79–81.
• "The Application of Autopoiesis in Systems Analysis: Are Autopoietic Systems Also Social Systems?" Int. J. General Systems, 21(1992) 2, pp. 145–160. (With K. D. Hufford)
• "The Ordering of the Unknown by Causing It to Order Itself," Int. J. General Systems, 21(1992) 2, pp. 239–253. (With K. D. Hufford)
• "On Social Nature of Autopoietic Systems," in: Evolution, Order and Complexity, edited by E. L. Khalil and K. E. Boulding, Routledge, London, 1996, pp. 122–145.
• "Autopoiesis and Self-Sustainability in Economic Systems," Human Systems Management, 16(1997)4, pp. 251–262.
• "Autopoiesis (Self-production) in SME Networks," Human Systems Management, 20(2001)3, pp. 201–207.
• “Autopoiesis”, in: International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies, edited by S. R. Clegg and J. R. Bailey, Sage Publications, 2007.

Spontaneous Social Orders

• "Holistic Aspects of Biological and Social Organizations: Can They Be Studied?" in: Environment and Population: Problems of Adaptation, edited by John B. Calhoun, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1983, pp. 150–153.
• "Spontaneous Social Orders," in: The Science and Praxis of Complexity, The United Nations University, Tokyo, 1985, pp. 312–328.
• "Spontaneous Social Orders," Int. J. General Systems, 11(1985) 2, pp. 117–131.
• "Les orders sociaux spontanes," in: Science et pratique de la complexite, Actes du colloque de Montpellier, Mai 1984, IDATE/UNU, La Documentation Française, Paris, 1986, pp. 357–378.
• "La grande inversione: Corso e ricorso dei modi di vita umani," in: Physis: abitare la terra, edited by M. Ceruti and E. Laszlo, Feltrinelli, Milano, 1988, pp. 413–441.
• "Spontaneous Social Orders," in: A Science of Goal Formulation: American and Soviet Discussions of Cybernetics and Systems Theory, edited by S. A. Umpleby and V. N. Sadovsky, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington, D.C., 1991, pp. 133–150.
• "Alia ricerca di un equilibrio cognitivo: bellezza, qualita e armonia," in: Estimo ed economia ambientale: le nuove frontiere nel campo della valutazione, edited by L. Fusco Girard, Franco Angeli, Milano, 1993, pp. 113–131.
• "Ecosocieties: Societal Aspects of Biological Self-Production," Soziale Systeme, 1(1995)2, pp. 179–202.

Economics

• Columbia Journal of World Business, Focus: Decision Making, XII (1977)3, p. 136. (Editor with M.K. Starr)
• "At the End of the Division of Labor," Human Systems Management, 6(1986) 2, pp. 97–99.
• "Beyond capitalism and socialism: Human manifesto," Human Systems Management, 7(1988) 3, pp. 185–188.
• "Moving from the Age of Specialization to the Era of Integration," Human Systems Management, 9(1990)3, pp. 153–171. (With R. Comet and J.A.F. Stoner)
• "Transition To Free Markets: The Dilemma of Being and Becoming," Human Systems Management, 10(1991) 1, pp. 1–5.
• "Privatization," Human Systems Management, 10(1991)3, pp. 161–163.
• "Reforms in Czechoslovakia: Tradition or Cosmopolitanism?" in: Management Reform in Eastern and Central Europe: Use of Pre-Communist Cultures, edited by M. Maruyama, Dartmouth Publishing Company (Dover), 1992, pp. 45–64.
• "Economics, Business and Culture," Human Systems Management, 12(1993)3, pp. 171–174.
• "Eastern Europe: Quo Vadis?" Human Systems Management, 12(1993)4, pp. 259–264.
• "Human and Social Capital: Prerequisites for Sustained Prosperity," Human Systems Management, 14(1995)4, pp. 279–282.
• "Asset Optimization and Multi-Resource Planning" Human Systems Management, 15(1996)3, pp. 153–155.
• "Ecosocieta: aspetti sociali dell'auto-produzione biologica," in: Teorie Evolutive e Transformazioni Economiche, edited by E. Benedetti, M. Mistri and S. Solari, CEDAM­Padova, 1997, pp. 121–142.
• "The Decline of Forecasting?" Human Systems Management, 16(1997)1, pp. 1–3.
• "Insider Ownership and LBO Performance," Human Systems Management, 16(1997) 4, pp. 243–245.
• "National and Corporate Asset Optimization: From Macro- to Micro-Reengineering," in: Economic Transformation & Integration: Problems, Arguments, Proposals, edited by R. Kulikowski, Z. Nahorski and J. Owsinski, Systems Research Institute, Warsaw, 1998, pp. 103–118.
• "Beyond the Network Organization: Self-Sustainable Web Enterprises," in: Business Networks in Asia, edited by F.-J. Richter, Quorum Books, Westport, CT, 1999, pp. 269–285.
• "Strategy for Macro- and Micro-Reengineering in Knowledge-based Economies” in: The Socio-Economic Transformation: Getting Closer to What? edited by Z. Nahorski, J. Owsinski, and T. Szapiro, Macmillan, London, 1999, pp. 113–125.
• "Elimination of Tradeoffs in Modem Business and Economics," in: New Frontiers of Decision Making for the Information Technology Era, edited by M. Zeleny and Y. Shi, World Scientific Publishers, 2000.
• “Innovation Factory: Production of Value-Added Quality and Innovation,” Economics and Management, 9(2006)4, pp. 58–65.
• “On the Essential Multidimensionality of an Economic Problem: Towards Tradeoffs-Free Economics,” Czech Economic Review, 3(2009)2, pp. 154–175.
• “Invisible Hand of the Market,” in: Atlas of Transformation, JRP Ringier, Zurich, 2010.
• “Ownership,” in: Atlas of Transformation, JRP Ringier, Zurich, 2010, pp.

Fuzzy Sets

• "Membership Functions and Their Assessment," in: Current Topics in Cybernetics and Systems, edited by J. Rose, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978, pp. 391–392.
• "Fuzzy Sets: Precision and Relevancy," in: Applied Systems and Cybernetics, Vol. 6, edited by G.E. Lasker, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1981, pp. 2719–2721.
• "Qualitative versus Quantitative Modeling in Decision Making," Human Systems Management, 4(1983) 1, pp. 39–42.
• "On the (Ir) Relevancy of Fuzzy Sets Theories," Human Systems Management, 4(1984)4, pp. 301–306.
• "Parallelism, Integration, Autocoordination and Ambiguity in Human Support Systems," in: Fuzzy Logic in Knowledge-Based Systems, Decision and Control, edited by M.M. Gupta and T. Yamakawa, North-Holland, New York, 1988, pp. 107–122.
• "The Role of Fuzziness in the Construction of Knowledge," in: The Interface Between Artificial Intelligence and Operations Research in Fuzzy Environment, eds. J.-L. Verdegay and M. Delgado, Interdisciplinary Systems Research Series no. 95, Verlag TDv Rheinland, 1989, pp. 233–252.
• "Cognitive Equilibrium: A Knowledge-Based Theory of Fuzziness and Fuzzy Sets," Int. J. General Systems, 19(1991) 4, pp. 359–381.
• "Fuzzifying the 'Precise' Is More Relevant Than Modeling the Fuzzy 'Crisply' (Rejoinder by M. Zeleny)," Int. J. General Systems, 19(1991)4, pp. 435–440.

Management

• "Management of Human Systems & Human Management of Systems,“ Erhvervs økonomisk Tidsskrift, April 1986, pp. 107–116.
• "Management of Human Systems & Human Management of Systems," in: Trends and Megatrends in the Theory of Management, ed. E. Johnsen, Bratt International, Lund, 1986, pp. 35–44.
• "The Law of Requisite Variety: Is It Applicable to Human Systems?" Human Systems Management, 6(1986) 4, pp. 269–271.
• "On Human Systems Management: An Emerging Paradigm," Human Systems Management, 6(1986) 2, pp. 181–184.
• "Integrated Process Management: A Management Technology for the New Competitive Era," in: Global Competitiveness: Getting the U.S. Back on Track, edited by M.K. Starr, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1988, pp. 121–158. (With M. Hessel and M. Mooney)
• "Integrated Process Management: A Management Technology for the New Competitive Era," Part 1 (in Japanese, transl. Y. Kondo), Standardization and Quality Control, 42(1989)10, pp. 61–68. Part 2, 42(1989)11, pp. 78–85. (With M. Hessel and M. Mooney)
• "Management Wisdom of the West," Part 1 (in Japanese), Standardization and Quality Control, 43(1990) 11, pp. 41–48. Part 2, 43(1990) 12, pp. 43–48.
• "Osaka Lectures on IPM," (in Japanese, transl. Y. Kondo), Standardization and Quality Control, 42(1989) 12, pp. 75–82.
• "What Is Integrated Process Management?" Human Systems Management, 7(1988) 3, pp. 265–267.
• "Quality Management Systems: Subject to Continuous Improvement?" Human Systems Management, 8(1989)1, pp. 1–3.
• "Amoeba: The New Generation of Self-Managing Human Systems," Human Systems Management, 9(1990) 2, pp. 57–59.
• "Management Wisdom of the West," Human Systems Management, 9(1990) 2, 119-125.
• "Management Challenges in the 1990s," in: Managing Toward the Millennium, edited by J.E. Hennessy and S. Robins, Fordham University Press, New York, 1991, pp. 3–65. (With R. Comet and J.A.F. Stoner)
• "Towards Trade-Offs-Free Management," Human Systems Management, 13(1994)4, pp. 241–243.
• "Global Management Paradigm," Human Systems Management, 14(1995)3, pp. 191–194.
• "Customer-Specific Value Chain: Beyond Mass Customization?" Human Systems Management, 15(1996)2, pp. 93–97.
• "Comparative Management Systems: Trade-Offs-Free Concept," in: Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, edited by F.-J. Richter, Routledge, London, 1996, pp. 167–177.
• "The Fall of Strategic Planning," Human Systems Management, 16(1997)2, pp. 77–79.

Baťa System

• "The Roots of Modem Management: Bat'a-System," Human Systems Management, 6(1986) 1, pp. 4–7.
• "The Root of Modern Management: Bat'a-System," (in Japanese, transl. Y. Kondo) Standardization and Quality Control, 40(1987)1, pp. 50–53.
• "Three-Men Talk on Bat'a-System," (In Japanese) Standardization and Quality Control, 41(1988) 1, pp. 15–24.
• "Bat'a System of Management: Managerial Excellence Found," Human Systems Management, 7(1988) 3, pp. 213–219.
• "Bata, Thomas (1876-1932)," in: IEBM Handbook of Management Thinking, Thomson, London, 1997, pp. 49–52.
• “Bata Management System: A built-in resilience against crisis at the micro level,” Czech Economic Review, 4(2010)1, pp. 102–117.

Finance

• "Multidimensional Measure of Risk: Prospect Ranking Vector (PRV)," in: Multiple Criteria Problem Solving, edited by S. Zionts, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978, pp. 529–548.
• Uncertain Prospects Ranking and Portfolio Analysis Under the Conditions of Partial Information, Mathematical Systems in Economics 44, Oelschlager, Gunn & Hain Publishers, Cambridge, MA., 1979/1980. (With G. Colson)
• "Satisficing, Optimization and Risk in Portfolio Selection," in: Readings in Strategy for Corporate Investment, edited by F.G.J. Derkinderen and R.L. Crum, Pitman Publishing, Boston, 1981, pp. 200–219.

History

• B. Trentowski, Stosunek Filozofii do Cybernetyki czyli sztuki rzadzenia narodem; A.A. Bogdanov, Tektologia: vseobschaia organizatsionaia nauka; J.Ch. Smuts, Holism and Evolution; S. Leduc, The Mechanism of Life, Int. J. General Systems, 5(1979) 1, pp. 63–71.
• "Cybernetics and General Systems- A Unitary Science?" Kybernetes, 8(1979) 1, pp. 17–23.
• "Cybernetyka," Int. J. General Systems, 13(1987) 3, pp. 289–294.
• "Tectology," Int. J. General Systems, 14(1988) 4, pp. 331–343.
• "Trentowski's Cybemetyka," in: Systems & Control Encyclopedia, Supplementary Volume 1, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1990, pp. 587–589.
• “W. Edwards Deming,” in: The Oxford Handbook of Management Theorists, eds. M. Witzel and M. Warner, Ch. 11, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 196–218.

Transformation

• "The Self-Service Society: A New Scenario of the Future," Planning Review, 7(1979) 3, pp. 3–7, 37-38.
• "Towards a Self-Service Society," Human Systems Management, 1(1980) 1, pp. 1–3.
• "Socio-Economic Foundations of a Self-Service Society," in: Progress in Cybernetics and Systems Research, vol. 10, Hemisphere Publishing, Washington, D.C., 1982, pp. 127–132.
• "Self-Service Trends in the Society," in: Applied Systems and Cybernetics, Vol. 3, edited by G. E. Lasker, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1981, pp. 1405–1411.
• "Self-Service Aspects of Health Maintenance: Assessment of Current Trends," Human Systems Management, 2(1981) 4, pp. 259–267. (With M. Kochen)
• "The Grand Reversal: On the Corso and Ricorso of Human Way of Life," World Futures, 27(1989), pp. 131–151.
• "Structural Recession in the U.S.A.," Human Systems Management, 11(1992)1, pp. 1–4.
• "Work and Leisure," in: IEBM Handbook on Human Resources Management, Thomson, London, 1997, pp. 333–339. Also: "Bata-System of Management," pp. 359–362.
• "Industrial Districts of Italy: Local-Network Economies in a Global-Market Web," Human Systems Management, 18(1999)2, pp. 65–68.
• “Machine/Organism Dichotomy of Free-Market Economics: Crisis or Transformation?” Human Systems Management, 29(2010)4, pp. 191–204.
• “Genesis of the Worldwide Crisis,” in: Atlas of Transformation, JRP Ringier, Zurich, 2010.
• “Crisis or Transformation: On the corso and ricorso of human systems,” Human Systems Management, 31(2012)1, pp. 49–63.

De Novo Programming

• "On the Squandering of Resources and Profits via Linear Programming," Interfaces, 11(1981)5, pp. 101–107.
• "A Case Study in Multiobjective Design: De Novo Programming," in: Multiple Criteria Analysis: Operational Methods, edited by P. Nijkamp and J. Spronk, Gower Publishing, Hampshire, 1981, pp. 37–52.
• "Multicriterion Design of High-Productivity Systems: Extensions and Applications," in: Decision Making with Multiple Objectives, edited by Y.Y. Haimes and V. Chankong, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1985, pp. 308–321.
• "Optimal System Design with Multiple Criteria: De Novo Programming Approach," Engineering Costs and Production Economics, 10(1986), pp. 89–94.
• "Optimizing Given Systems vs. Designing Optimal Systems: The De Novo Programming Approach," Int. J. General Systems, 17(1990) 4, pp. 295–307.
• "De Novo Programming," Ekonomicko-matematický obzor, 26(1990) 4, pp. 406–413.
• "Trade-Offs-Free Management via De Novo Programming," International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 1(1995)1, pp. 3–13.
• "The Evolution of Optimality: De Novo Programming," in: Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization, edited by C.A. Coello Coello et al., Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2005, pp. 1–13.
• “Multiobjective Optimization, Systems Design and De Novo Programming,” in: Handbook of Multicriteria Analysis, edited by. C. Zopounidis and P.M. Pardalos, Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp. 243–262.

Knowledge Management

• "Management Support Systems: Towards Integrated Knowledge Management," Human Systems Management, 7(1987) 1, pp. 59–70.
• "Knowledge as a New Form of Capital, Part 1: Division and Reintegration of Knowledge," Human Systems Management, 8(1989)1, pp. 45–58. "Part 2: Knowledge­Based Management Systems," 8(1989)2, pp. 129–143.
• "Knowledge As Capital/Capital As Knowledge," Human Systems Management, 9(1990)3, pp. l29-130.
• "Knowledge As Capital: Integrated Quality Management," Prometheus, 9(1991)1, pp. 93–101.
• "Knowledge As Coordination of Action," Human Systems Management, 15(1996)4, pp. 211–213.
• "Knowledge-Information Circulation through the Enterprise: Forward to the Roots of Knowledge Management," in: Data Mining and Knowledge Management, edited by Y. Shi, W. Xu, and Z. Chen, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2004, pp. 22–33.
• Human Systems Management: Integrating Knowledge, Management and Systems, World Scientific, 2005.
• "Knowledge-Information Autopoietic Cycle: Towards the Wisdom Systems," Int. J. Management and Decision Making, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2006, pp. 3–18.
• “The Innovation Factory: Management Systems, Knowledge Management and Production of Innovations,“ in: Expanding the Limits of the Possible, edited by P. Walden, R. Fullér, and J. Carlsson, Åbo, November 2006, pp. 163–175.
• “From Knowledge to Wisdom: On Being Informed and Knowledgeable, Becoming Wise and Ethical,” International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 5(2006)4, pp. 751–762.
• “Knowledge Management and the Strategies of Global Business Education: From Knowledge to Wisdom“, in: The Socio-EconomicTransformation: Getting Closer to What? edited by Z. Nahorski, J. W. Owsiński and T. Szapiro, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, 2007, Ch. 7, pp. 101–116.
• “Knowledge Management and Strategic Planning: A Human Systems Perspective,” in: Making Strategies in Spatial Planning: Knowledge and Values, edited by M. Cerreta, G. Concilio and V. Monno, Series: Urban and Landscape Perspectives, Vol. 9, Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp. 257–280.

Technology Management

• "High Technology Management," Human Systems Management, 3(1982) 2, pp. 57–59.
• "La gestione a tecnologia e la gestione della tecnologia superiore," in: La sfida della complessita, edited by G. Bocchi and M. Ceruti, Feltrinelli, Milano, 1985, pp. 401–413.
• "High Technology Management," Human Systems Management, 6(1986) 2, pp. 109–120.
• "Telework, Telecommuting and Telebusiness," Human Systems Management, 17(1998)4, pp. 223–225.
• IEBM Handbook of Information Technology in Business, Editor, Thomson, London, 2000, p. 870.
• New Frontiers of Decision Making for the Information Technology Era, Editor with Y. Shi, World Scientific Publishers, 2000.
• "Introduction: What Is IT/S?” in: IEBM Handbook of Information Technology in Business, ed. M. Zeleny, Thomson, London, 2000, pp. xv-xvii. Also: "High Technology Management," pp. 56–62. "Global Management Paradigm," pp. 48–55. "Mass Customization," pp. 200–207. "Autopoiesis (Self-Production)," pp. 283–290. "Business Process Reengineering (BPR)," pp. 14–22. "Knowledge vs. Information," pp. 162–168. "Integrated Process Management," pp. 110–118. "Self-Service Society," pp. 240–248. "Telepresence," pp. 821–827. "Kinetic Enterprise & Forecasting," pp. 134–141. "New Economy," pp. 208–217. "Tradeoffs Management," pp. 450–458. "Critical Path Analysis," pp. 308–314. "Decision Making, Multiple Criteria," pp. 315–329. "Optimality and Optimization," pp. 392–409.
• IEBM Handbook of Information Technology in Business, Editor, Paperback edition, Thomson, London, 2001, p. 870.
• "Knowledge of Enterprise: Knowledge Management or Knowledge Technology?" International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 1(2002)2, pp. 181–207.
• “Entering the Era of Networks: Global Supply and Demand Outsourcing Networks and Alliances,” in: Quantitative Methoden der Logistik und des Supply Chain Management, edited by M. Jacquemin, R. Pibornik, and E. Sucky, Verlag Dr. Kovač, Hamburg, 2006, pp. 85–97.
• “The mobile society: effects of global sourcing and network organization”’, Int. J. Mobile Learning and Organization, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2007, pp. 30–40.
• “Strategy and strategic action in the global era: overcoming the knowing-doing Gap”, Int. J. Technology Management, Vol. 43, Nos. 1-3, 2008, pp. 64–75.
• “Technology and High Technology: Support Net and Barriers to Innovation,” Advanced Management Systems, vol. 1, no. 1, 2009, pp. 8–21.
• “Technology and High Technology: Support Net and Barriers to Innovation,” Acta Mechanica Slovaca, vol. 13, no. 1, 2009, pp. 6–19.
• “High Technology and Barriers to Innovation: From Globalization to Localization,” Int. J. Info. Tech. Dec. Mak., 11 (2012) p. 441.

Artificial Life

• "Osmotic Growths: A Challenge to Systems Science," Int. J. General Systems, 14(1988) 1, pp. 1–17. (With G.J. Klir and K.D. Hufford)
• Interview on Artificial Life, in: "Child of a Lesser God" (E. Regis and T. Dworetzky), Omni, 11(1988) 1, pp. 92–170.
• "Precipitation Membranes, Osmotic Growths, and Synthetic Biology," in: Artificial Life, edited by C.G. Langton, Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, vol. VI, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1989, pp. 125–139. (With G. J. Klir and K.D. Hufford)
• "Synthetic Biology and Osmotic Growths," in: Systems & Control Encyclopedia, Supplementary Volume 1, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1990, pp. 573–578.

References

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