Quality requirements of welded joints depend on the form of application, e.g. in the space or fly industry weld errors are not allowed.[1] Science try to gets good quality welds. There are many scientific articles describing the weld test, e.g. hardness,[2][3][4] tensile tests.[3] The weld structure can be examined by optical microscopy[3][4][5] and scanning electron microscopy.[6][4][5][3] The computer finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the shape of the flash and interface and others, not only for rotary friction welding (RFW),[7] but also for friction stir welding (FSW),[8][9] linear friction welding (LFW),[10] FRIEX,[11] and others. Temperature measurements are also carried out for scientific purposes e.g. by use thermocouples[4][5] or sometimes thermography,[7][5] mentions about measurements are generally found in research materials and journals.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ J. Pilarczyk A. Piotr. (2013). Poradnik inżyniera 1 – spawalnictwo (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo WNT.
- ^ Siedlec, Robert; Strąk, Cezary; Zybała, Rafał (2016-11-10). "Morfologia złączy kompozytów Al/Al2O3 zgrzewanych tarciowo ze stopem Al 44200". Przegląd Spawalnictwa - Welding Technology Review (in Polish). 88 (11). doi:10.26628/ps.v88i11.706. ISSN 2449-7959.
- ^ a b c d Shanjeevi, C.; Satish Kumar, S.; Sathiya, P. (2013). "Evaluation of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Dissimilar Materials by Friction Welding". Procedia Engineering. 64: 1514–1523. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.233. ISSN 1877-7058.
- ^ a b c d Liu, F. J.; Fu, L.; Chen, H. Y. (2018-02-14). "Effect of high rotational speed on temperature distribution, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 6061-T6 thin plate joints". The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 96 (5–8): 1823–1833. doi:10.1007/s00170-018-1736-0. ISSN 0268-3768.
- ^ a b c d Wang, Guilong; Li, Jinglong; Xiong, Jiangtao; Zhou, Wei; Zhang, Fusheng (2018-06-05). "Study on microstructure evolution of AISI 304 stainless steel joined by rotary friction welding". Welding in the World. 62 (6): 1187–1193. doi:10.1007/s40194-018-0613-7. ISSN 0043-2288. S2CID 139498947.
- ^ M. Meisnar, S. Baker, J.M. Bennett, A. Bernad, A. Mostafa, S. Resch, N. Fernandes, A. Norman (2017). "Microstructural characterization of rotary friction welded AA6082 and Ti-6Al-4V dissimilar joints". Materials & Design. 132: 188–197. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.07.004.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Nan, Xujing; Xiong, Jiangtao; Jin, Feng; Li, Xun; Liao, Zhongxiang; Zhang, Fusheng; Li, Jinglong (2019). "Modeling of rotary friction welding process based on maximum entropy production principle". Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 37: 21–27. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.11.016. ISSN 1526-6125. S2CID 139752670.
- ^ Lacki, P.; Kucharczyk, Z.; Śliwa, R.E.; Gałaczyński, T. (2013-06-01). "Effect of Tool Shape on Temperature Field in Friction Stir Spot Welding". Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 58 (2): 595–599. doi:10.2478/amm-2013-0043. ISSN 1733-3490.
- ^ Qin, D. Q.; Fu, L.; Shen, Z. K. (2019-01-15). "Visualisation and numerical simulation of material flow behaviour during high-speed FSW process of 2024 aluminium alloy thin plate". The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 102 (5–8): 1901–1912. doi:10.1007/s00170-018-03241-5. ISSN 0268-3768.
- ^ McAndrew, Anthony R.; Colegrove, Paul A.; Bühr, Clement; Flipo, Bertrand C.D.; Vairis, Achilleas (2018-10-03). "A literature review of Ti-6Al-4V linear friction welding". Progress in Materials Science. 92: 225–257. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.003. ISSN 0079-6425.
- ^ Pissanti, Daniela Ramminger; Scheid, Adriano; Kanan, Luis Fernando; Dalpiaz, Giovani; Kwietniewski, Carlos Eduardo Fortis (January 2019). "Pipeline girth friction welding of the UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel". Materials & Design. 162: 198–209. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.046. ISSN 0264-1275.