| Reggae Sunsplash | |
|---|---|
| Genre | Reggae, dancehall, etc. |
| Location(s) | Northern Jamaica, international |
| Years active | 1978–96, 1998, 2006 |
| Founded by | Synergy Productions Ltd |
| Website | Reggae Festival Guide |
Reggae Sunsplash is a reggae music festival that was first held in 1978 in northern Jamaica. In 1985, it expanded to include an international touring festival. The festival took place annually until 1996, with a final event in 1998. It was revived in 2006 and made a return in 2020 with a virtual event produced by Tyrone Wilson, Randy McLaren, and Debbie Bissoon.
History[edit]
The Reggae Sunsplash festival was jointly conceived by five Jamaicans—Tony Johnson, Don Green, Ronnie Burke, John Wakeling, and Ed Barclay. These five individuals established Synergy Productions Ltd, a company responsible for the promotion and production of the Reggae Sunsplash festival.[1]
The first Reggae Sunsplash festival took place at Jarrett Park in Montego Bay, Jamaica, in June 1978. The event commenced at dusk and continued until dawn over a span of seven days. With the support of Peter Martin, a veteran in Jamaican tourism, and his public relations firm, Peter Martin Associates, the festival garnered international recognition. It was promoted as the "biggest Reggae festival in the history of the world".
Reggae Sunsplash introduced the concept of combining music and travel to boost tourism in Jamaica. Prior to the festival, Jamaican hotels typically closed during the summer season. The festival's annual staging by its five founding partners helped establish a new summer tourist season in the region. The event's success also prompted the emergence of other annual music festivals across Jamaica and the Caribbean islands. As attendance increased, so did the demand for accommodations, leading some attendees to adopt the practice of camping on local beaches during the festival.[2]
To promote Jamaica as a tourist and traveling target in Europe, the Jamaica Tourist Board invited the German band Supermax as the opening act of the annual festival in Montego Bay in 1983. From 1981, the festivals were filmed and recorded, with several videos and albums released, the first being Reggae Sunsplash '81: Tribute to Bob Marley, released by Elektra Records.[3] From 1987 the festival included a sound clash event, with finalists from a national sound system competition competing as a precursor to the rest of the festival.[3] The festival also expanded to include an 'oldies night' featuring stars from past eras of Jamaican music. For many years the festival was emceed by Tommy Cowan.[4]
In 1984 the Reggae Sunsplash Festival expanded into international events with a one-day festival staged at Selhurst Park in London, England. In 1985, the Reggae Sunsplash World Tour was launched in the United States and Japan and subsequent years saw the Reggae Sunsplash festival touring extensively throughout North America, Europe, South America, and the Far East. 1991 saw the introduction of a "Caribbean Night" featuring other Caribbean music such as soca, and the following year the festival's scope increased further with the addition of a "World Beat Night".
While the festival had become hugely popular, opening new global tourist niche markets to Jamaica and attracting millions of dollars of foreign exchange into the country, it had not been a financial success, largely due to the lack of sponsorship or government support. In 1995 the Chairman of the Jamaica Tourist Board operating through a company called Radobar Holdings Ltd offered financial assistance in exchange for equity in Synergy Productions, the founders of Reggae Sunsplash. This initial offer was never consummated and in a disputed claim Radobar Holdings announced the formation of a company called Reggae Sunsplash International in Jamaica and proceeded with the hostile takeover of the Reggae Sunsplash festival. The first attempt at staging Reggae Sunsplash without the original owners Synergy Productions in 1996 was a financial disaster for the new claimants. In 1997 the Reggae Sunsplash festival was postponed until 1998 to hold celebrations of the birth of Bob Marley but more losses were incurred.[5]
The festival was re-established by the Johnson family in 2006, but it was unsuccessful.[6] However, the international touring festival has continued.
Three of the founding directors, John Wakeling, Tony Johnson, and Ed Barclay have died. With the passing of Tony Johnson, several individuals have unsuccessfully tried to claim the rights to the festival, and all have failed to recapture the spirit of the original festival. Don Green and Ronnie Burke are the two remaining Reggae Sunsplash founders alive.
In August 2015 it was announced that Burke would be awarded the Order of Distinction by the Jamaican government in recognition of his contribution to the development of Jamaican music.[7]
Reggae Sunsplash returned as a virtual festival on November 27–28, 2020 after a 14-year absence.[8] Performers included Tanya Stephens, Richie Spice, Capleton, Masicka, Dexta Dapps, Jesse Royal, Agent Sasco, and Romain Virgo.[9]
Dates and venues[edit]
- 1978: June 23–30, Jarrett Park, Montego Bay
- 1979: July 3–7, Jarrett Park, Montego Bay
- 1980: July 2–5, Ranny Williams Entertainment Center, Kingston
- 1981: August 4–8, Jarrett Park, Montego Bay
- 1982: August 3–7, Jarrett Park, Montego Bay
- 1983: June 28-July 2, Bob Marley Center, Montego Bay
- 1984: August 7–11, Jarrett Park, Montego Bay
- 1985: August 6–10, Jarrett Park, Montego Bay
- 1986: August 26–30: Jarrett Park, Montego Bay
- 1987: August 18–22, Bob Marley Center, Montego Bay
- 1988: August 15–22, Bob Marley Center, Montego Bay
- 1989: August 14–19, Bob Marley Center, Montego Bay
- 1990: June 24, Pine Knob Music Theater, Clarkston, MI
- 1990: July 16–21, Bob Marley Center, Montego Bay
- 1991: July 26–31, Bob Marley Center, Montego Bay
- 1992: August 3–8, Bob Marley Center, Montego Bay
- 1993: August 3–7, Jamworld, Portmore
- 1994: August 1–6: Jamworld, Portmore
- 1995: July 12–14, Dover, St. Ann
- 1996: August 1–4, Chukka Cove, St. Ann
- 1998: February 5–8, Reggae Park, St. Ann
Albums[edit]
- Big Youth - Live At Reggae Sunsplash (1982), Sunsplash/Trojan
- Chalice - Live At Reggae Sunsplash (1982), Pipe Music
- Yellowman - Live At Reggae Sunsplash (1982), Sunsplash
- Eek-A-Mouse & Michigan & Smiley - Live at Reggae Sunsplash (1983), Sunsplash
- The Gladiators & Israel Vibration - Live at Reggae Sunsplash (1983), Sunsplash
- Toots & The Maytals - Live At Reggae Sunsplash (1983), Sunsplash
- The Twinkle Brothers - Live At Reggae Sunsplash 82 (Since I Throw The Comb Away), (1983), Sunsplash
- The Mighty Diamonds & Mutabaruka - Live At Reggae Sunsplash, Genes
- Various Artists
- Reggae Sunsplash '81: Tribute to Bob Marley (1981), Elektra
- Best of the Festival - Day One Live at Reggae Sunsplash 1982 (1982), Sunsplash
- Reggae Sunsplash Live (1982), RCA
- Sunsplash Live (1983), 56 Hope Rd
- Reggae Sunsplash '86 (1986), Bellaphon
- Best of Reggae Sunsplash (1994), Genes
Video[edit]
- Reggae By Bus (1979)(AKA Reggae Sunsplash II), a Film By Stefan Paul (The first Sunsplash on film)
- Reggae Sunsplash 10th Anniversary 1987(001)(Phase Three Productions)(Synergy)
- Reggae Sunsplash Dancehall 88, Charly (VHS)
- Reggae Sunsplash - 10th Anniversary Of Reggae Sunsplash - Dancehall X, Charly (VHS)
- Reggae Sunsplash Dancehall '89 (1990), Charly (VHS)
- Reggae Sunsplash '90, Variety Night, Charly (VHS)
- Reggae Sunsplash Dancehall Special, Charly
- Reggae Sunsplash Music Festival - Best Of Sunsplash 1991 (1992), Warner Music Vision (VHS)
- All Time Best of Reggae Sunsplash Music Festival (1993), Warner Music Vision (VHS)
- Reggae Sunsplash II (2003), Columbia (DVD)
- Cool Runnings: The Reggae Movie (2005), Xenon (DVD)
- The Best Of Reggae Sunsplash (2006), 4digital (DVD)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Remembering good-old Reggae Sunsplash days". jamaica-gleaner.com. 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
- ^ Walters, Basil (2010), "Book on Reggae Sunsplash to be launched" Archived 10 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Jamaica Observer, 7 June 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
- ^ a b c Thompson, Dave (2002) Reggae & Caribbean Music, Backbeat Books, ISBN 0-87930-655-6, pp. 227–236.
- ^ Moskowitz, David V. (2006). Caribbean Popular Music: an Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-33158-8, p. 254.
- ^ "New Tune For Reggae Sunsplash", Black Enterprise, November 1997, p. 170. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
- ^ a b Cooke, Mel (2006), "St Ann welcomes Reggae Sunsplash" Archived 12 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine", Jamaica Gleaner, 22 May 2006. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
- ^ Campbell, Howard (2015) "Ronnie Burke heads field of distinction", Jamaica Observer, 7 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ^ Johnson, Richard (2019) "Sunsplash is back", Jamaica Observer, 28 August 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019
- ^ https://www.reggaeville.com/dates/festival-details/reggae-sunsplash-2020/lineup/ Reggaeville.com, Retrieved 27 January 2023.
Further reading[edit]
- Immanuel-I, Java (2010) Reggae Sunsplash 1978-1998, Caribbe Incorporated, ISBN 978-0-692-00275-9