![]() The monument to Henri Desgrange near the summit of the Col du Galibier | |
Sport | Road bicycle racing |
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Competition | Tour de France |
Awarded for | First across a particular point |
Location | Various |
Country | France |
History | |
First award | 1947 |
Editions | 77 (as of 2024) |
First winner | ![]() |
Most wins | ![]()
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Most recent | ![]() |
The Souvenir Henri Desgrange is an award and cash prize given in the yearly running of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. It is won by the rider that crosses a particular point in the race, mostly the summits of the highest and iconic climbs in the Alps and Pyrenees.[1] It is named in honour of the creator and first race director of the Tour, French sports journalist Henri Desgrange,[2] who was passionate about taking the Tour de France as high up in the mountains as possible using the most difficult routes.[3]
History
[edit]Following the death of Desgrange in August 1940,[4] an award was given in his honour for the first time in the 1947 Tour, the first Tour since 1939, having been cancelled during World War II.[5] On stage 11, Raymond Impanis was the first of the field to pass a point by Desgrange's final residence, the "Villa Mia" in Beauvallon, Grimaud, on the French Riviera.[6][7] In the first stage of the 1948 Tour, the prize was earned by Roger Lambrecht in the opening few kilometres at the summit of the Côte de Picardie climb in Versailles, Paris.[8][9][10] Beauvallon again hosted the award the following year,[11] before the 1950 and 1951 Tours saw the award marker point moved into the mountains atop the 2,058 m (6,752 ft)-high Col du Lautaret,[12][13][14] the pass that directly precedes the Galibier climb from the south.[15] In 1949, a monument to Desgrange was built 150 m (492 ft) from the southern entrance of the summit tunnel atop the Col du Galibier in the Alps, his favourite and one of the Tour's most iconic climbs.[16][17] A wreath is laid at the monument when the Tour passes.[18] Beginning in 1952,[19] the marking point for the prize took place by the monument for the subsequent times the Tour visited the Galibier.[19] Since the 1965 Tour, the Galibier has always been used when it was passed.[19]
The tunnel at the summit of the Galibier was closed for safety reasons in 1976 – eventually re-opening in 2002.[20][21] Bypassing the tunnel, the road was then extended a further kilometre up to the natural crest of the pass,[22] increasing the elevation of the summit by 86 meters to 2,642 m (8,668 ft).[23] This has been the award's marking point on the Galibier ever since it was first traversed in the 1979 Tour, when Lucien Van Impe claimed the award.[17] The tunnel was passed through on stage 19 of the 2011 Tour, but in that edition the Galibier was climbed twice in celebration the 100th anniversary of its appearance in the Tour.[24] The finish of the previous stage was atop the full Galibier climb, where Andy Schleck claimed memorable stage win as well as the award after his 60 km (37 mi) solo breakaway.[25] This was first ever Galibier summit stage finish and the highest ever Tour stage finish in history to that point.[24] Further notable stages featuring the award on the Galibier were in the 1952 and 1998 Tours, when Italians Fausto Coppi and Marco Pantani, respectively, took the award and then went on to win the stage, which proved decisive to both their overall general classification victories.[18][26]
Non-summit marking points have been sparsely used for the award.[19] Beauvallon was a host for a total of six times, with a final appearance in the 1964 Tour.[19] The village of Cysoing in the far north hosted on the 1956 Tour, marking 200,000 kilometres travelled in Tour de France history.[27] Only twice have non-summit marking points happened since 1964.[19] Stage 11 of the 1978 race saw the award given to Christian Seznec at the legendary village of Sainte-Marie de Campan in the valley between the Col du Tourmalet and Col d'Aspin in the Pyrenees,[28] made famous when in the 1913 Tour, per the rules, Eugène Christophe was forced walk 14 km (9 mi) down the Tourmalet carrying his bicycle broken before repairing it at a forge in Campan.[29] The last time a non-summit point took place during the Grand Départ (opening stages) of the 1981 Tour, hosted by Nice, with the award at first planned to take place in the final kilometres of stage 1a beside the Carrefour supermarket on the Promenade des Anglais. This break from tradition was seen by the media as disrespectful to the race and the legacy of Desgrange.[30][31] For unknown reasons the marking point banner was stolen the night before.[31] The replacement banner was strung up in the Landes forest 42 km (26 mi) before the end of stage 7 in Bordeaux,[32][33] which was won unexpectedly by Theo de Rooij as a result of him being at the front of the leading breakaway group.[34]
From the 1965 Tour onwards, if the Galibier was not passed then the award was instead given atop a climb of similarly equal height, most commonly the Tourmalet, and beginning with the 1997 Tour, the highest climb of a Tour was mostly used when the Galibier was not included.[19][35] Between the 2013 Tour and the 2023 Tour, the highest climb was always used. The 2024 Tour saw the award return to the Galibier, despite a higher climb occurring on stage 19. On two occasions, the Galibier climb was cancelled due to bad weather and the award locations were moved;[36] snow in 1996 saw it replaced by the 1,709 m (5,607 ft)-high Pyreenan Col d'Aubisque,[37][38][39] and landslides in 2015 moved the award to 2,250 m (7,382 ft)-high Alpine Col d'Allos.[40]
The amount of cash given as a prize for the award was higher in the early Tours.[19] Cash prizes have also been given to the second and third placed riders. Since 2003, the winner has received a €5000 prize.[19] Only in the 1963 Tour has the award not been given, although at the conclusion of that race there was a special "Desgrange prize" given to the general classification winner Jacques Anquetil who was adjudged to have had the best "head and legs" throughout the Tour.[19][41] The Souvenir Jacques Goddet, honouring the second Tour director Jacques Goddet, is a similar award in the race given since the 2001 Tour mostly atop the Tourmalet.[42][43]
Locations and winners
[edit]* | Col du Galibier was passed but not used for the award |
---|---|
^ | Highest point of elevation reached on that year's Tour |
‡ | Winner of the award also won the overall general classification |
† | Winner of the award also won the stage finish |
Winner (#) | Multiple award winner and number of times they had won the award at that point |
Multiple winners
[edit]The following riders have won the Souvenir Henri Desgrange on 2 or more occasions.
Cyclist | Total | Years |
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3 | 1994, 1995, 1997 |
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3 | 2013, 2018, 2021 |
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2 | 1955, 1964 |
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2 | 1966, 1967 |
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2 | 1977, 1979 |
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2 | 2010, 2011 |
Winners by nationality
[edit]Riders from seventeen different countries have won the Souvenir Henri Desgrange.
Country | No. of wins | No. of winning cyclists |
---|---|---|
![]() |
17 | 14 |
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14 | 13 |
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10 | 8 |
![]() |
8 | 8 |
![]() |
7 | 6 |
![]() |
4 | 4 |
![]() |
3 | 2 |
![]() |
2 | 2 |
![]() |
1 | 1 |
![]() |
1 | 1 |
![]() |
1 | 1 |
![]() |
1 | 1 |
![]() |
1 | 1 |
![]() |
1 | 1 |
![]() |
1 | 1 |
![]() |
1 | 1 |
![]() |
1 | 1 |
Most time Souvenir
[edit]Col | Total | Last |
---|---|---|
Col du Galibier | 30 | Tadej Pogačar in 2024 |
Col du Tourmalet | 9 | Andy Schleck in 2010 |
Col du Lautaret | 7 | Luciano Conati in 1976 |
Beauvallon, Grimaud | 6 | André Darrigade in 1964 |
Port d'Envalira | 3 | Nairo Quintana in 2021 |
Col d'Aubisque | 2 | Neil Stephens in 1996 |
Col de la Madeleine | 2 | Gilberto Simoni in 2004 |
Col de la Loze | 2 | Felix Gall in 2023 |
16 locations | 1 | Iseran (Egan Bernal, 2019) |
See also
[edit]- Cima Coppi – a similar award given in Italy's Grand Tour, the Giro d'Italia.
Notes
[edit]- ^ The award marking point location's of climbs were taken at the summit.
- ^ The award marking point at Cysoing, 13 km (8 mi) from the finish in Lille, marked 200,000 km (124,274 mi) travelled in Tour de France history.[27]
- ^ At the conclusion of the 1963 Tour de France, there was a special Desgrange prize given to the cyclist who rode the best "head and legs". Jacques Anquetil won this prize.[41]
- ^ The 1981 Tour de France award on stage 1a was cancelled following the theft of the marking point banner in Nice.[32] The location was moved to 185 km (115 mi) into the 227 km (141 mi)-long stage 7.[33]
- ^ In the 1996 Tour de France, the Col du Galibier and the highest climb of the race, the Col de l'Iseran, were both cancelled because of bad weather.[37]
- ^ a b Schumacher's Tour de France results, including his two stage victories in 2008, were annulled by ASO.[129]
- ^ a b In March 2011, all of Italian Franco Pellizotti's results since 7 May 2009 were disqualified after the Court of Arbitration for Sport found his biological passport indicated irregular values.[132]
- ^ The 2010 Tour de France was initially won by Alberto Contador, who was later revealed to have failed a doping test. The Court of Arbitration for Sport decided on 6 February 2012 that Contador lost his results from 2010, declaring Andy Schleck the new winner.[135]
- ^ The summit of the Col du Galibier was planned to be used as the marking point for the award on the 2015 Tour de France.[145] but landslides prior to the race forced its cancellation.[40] It would have also been the highest point of the race, and the second highest, the Col d'Allos,[146] was used in replacement.[40]
- ^ Stage 19 of the 2019 Tour de France was stopped atop the Col de l'Iseran after hailstorms and mudslides made the road impracticable near Val-d'Isère, before the planned final climb and finish at Tignes. The stage victory was not awarded.[154]
References
[edit]- ^ "What is the Souvenir Henri Desgrange and Souvenir Jacques-Goddet in the Tour de France?". Cyclingnews.com. 30 June 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ Clemitson 2017, p. 170.
- ^ Friebe & Goding 2017, p. 191.
- ^ Thompson 2008, p. 78.
- ^ McGann & McGann 2008, p. 151.
- ^ a b "Fachleitner schudde allen van zijn wiel" [Fachleitner shook everyone's wheel]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 9 July 1947. p. 2 – via Delpher.
- ^ Seray & Lablaine 2006, p. 84.
- ^ a b "35ème Tour de France 1948 - 1ère étape" [35th Tour de France 1948 – 1st stage]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Tour de France begonnen" [Tour de France begins]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 30 June 1948. p. 3 – via Delpher.
- ^ a b "Versailles: les statues de La Fayette et Pershing inaugurées" [Versailles: La Fayette and Pershing statues inaugurated]. Le Parisien (in French). 5 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Apo Lazaridès verovert 12 minuten op Bartali en Coppi" [Apo Lazaridès conquers 12 minutes on Bartali and Coppi]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 18 July 1949. p. 3 – via Delpher.
- ^ Augendre 2019, p. 184.
- ^ a b "Bobet diep ontgoocheld na grootse vlucht" [Bobet deeply disappointed after a great flight]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 4 August 1950. p. 5 – via Delpher.
- ^ a b "Bernardo Ruiz nuevo Aníbal, asciende victoriosamente los Alpes y gana destacado la etapa Bríaçon-Aix-les-Bains" [Bernardo Ruiz new Aníbal, ascends victoriously the Alps and wins the Bríaçon-Aix-les-Bains stage] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 27 July 1951. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ Friebe & Goding 2017, p. 193.
- ^ Friebe & Goding 2017, pp. 191–192.
- ^ a b "Le Galibier: The Sacred Monster". VeloNews. 13 July 2005. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ a b Clemitson 2015, p. 52.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j van den Akker, Pieter. "Souvenir Henri Desgrange". TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ Lowe, Felix (24 July 2019). "Re-Cycle: When Eddy Merckx descended the Galibier for victory in Valloire in 1972". Eurosport. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ Pastonesi, Marco (20 September 2012). "Sulle orme di Pantani: Il Giro scala il Galibier" [In the footsteps of Pantani: The Giro climbs the Galibier]. La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ Friebe & Goding 2017, p. 192.
- ^ Augendre 2019, p. 183.
- ^ a b Wilcockson, John (28 June 2011). "2011 Tour de France stage descriptions, analysis and maps". VeloNews. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ a b Edward, Pickering (14 July 2011). "Stage 18 analysis: Andy Schleck lands a heavy blow". Cycling Weekly. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ Pickering, Edward (21 July 2011). "Iconic Places: Col du Galibier". Cycling Weekly. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
- ^ a b c "Zwitserse ploeg verloor twee mantijdens 't matste deel van de strijd: Pardoen had een rijke buit" [Swiss team lost two men in the fattest part of the fight: Pardoen had a rich booty]. Leidse Courant (in Dutch). 7 July 1956. p. 7 – via Historische Kranten, Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken.
- ^ a b "65ème Tour de France 1978 - 11ème étape" [65th Tour de France 1978 – 11th stage]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ Dauncey & Hare 2004, p. 71.
- ^ "Nice: meer monokini's dan blote rennersbenen" [Nice: more monokinis than bare riders legs]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 27 June 1981. p. 21 – via Delpher.
- ^ a b "Ronde '81: Vraag het maar" [Tour '81: Just ask]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 27 June 1981. p. 19. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ a b "Ronde '81: Kort" [Tour '81: Short]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 3 July 1981. p. 13. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ a b c "Van kilometer tot kilometer" [From kilometer to kilometer]. Leidse Courant (in Dutch). 3 July 1981. p. 13 – via Historische Kranten, Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken.
- ^ a b "Theo de Rooy: niet neer dan groot talent" [Theo de Rooy: no less than great talent]. Trouw (in Dutch). 9 July 1981. p. 13 – via Delpher.
- ^ a b Augendre 2019, pp. 181–197.
- ^ Bacon, Ellis (24 July 2019). "Classic Tour de France climbs: Col du Galibier". Cyclist. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Tour de France stage shortened because of bad weather". Cyclingnews.com. 8 July 1996. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Riis unbeatable". Cyclingnews.com. 17 July 1996. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ Augendre 2019, p. 190.
- ^ a b c "Stage 20 : Modane – L'Alpe d'Huez... via the Croix de Fer – News Pre-race – Tour de France 2015". Tour de France. 25 June 2015. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ a b "Desgranges-prijs voor Anquetil" [Desgrange prize for Anquetil]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 15 July 1963. p. 13. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ van den Akker 2018, p. 201.
- ^ Vandenbergh, Philippe (19 July 2001). "Une stèle Jacques Goddet sur le Tourmalet" [A Jacques Goddet stele on the Tourmalet]. La Libre (in French). Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f "51ème Tour de France 1964 - 10ème étape 1-2" [51st Tour de France 1964 – 10th stage 1-2]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ "La VueIta a Francia: El francés Fachleitner gana destacado en Marsella" [The Tour of France: Frenchman Fachleitner wins outstanding in Marseille] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 9 July 1947. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Coppi le plus fort" [Coppi the strongest] (PDF). L'Impartial (in French). 7 July 1952. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2019 – via RERO.
- ^ "Ronde-Klok" [Tour bell]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 8 July 1952. p. 9. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Opwindend eine van een rustige etappe" [Exciting end of a quiet stage]. De Tijd (in Dutch). 20 July 1953. p. 5 – via Delpher.
- ^ "La Vuelta a Francia" [The Tour de France] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 29 July 1954. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Temperatuur hoger dan in broeikast" [Temperature higher than in greenhouse]. De Stem (in Dutch). 18 July 1969. p. 5 – via Krantenbank Zeeland.
- ^ "De verdiensten in de Tour" [The merits in the Tour]. De Tijd (in Dutch). 5 July 1955. p. 7 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Goudmijntje van de Tour" [Gold mine of the Tour]. Leidse Courant (in Dutch). 10 July 1956. p. 8 – via Historische Kranten, Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken.
- ^ "Jean Stablinsky liep veertien minuten weg" [Jean Stablinsky walked away for fourteen minutes]. De Waarheid (in Dutch). 10 July 1957. p. 4 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Tour-buitbijna halfmiljoen" [Tour-almost half a million]. De Waarheid (in Dutch). 9 July 1957. p. 2 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Briljante Gaul geeft verloop van de Tour sensationele wending" [Brilliant Gaul gives the Tour a sensational twist]. De Tijd (in Dutch). 17 July 1958. p. 7 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Bahamontes gunt Baldini ditmaal etappezege Gaul klimt naar tiende plaats" [Bahamontes awards Baldini this time stage win Gaul climbs to tenth place]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 15 July 1959. p. 9 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Hoe kan het: sprinter Jean Graczyk wint Alpenetappe" [How can it be: sprinter Jean Graczyk wins Alpine stage]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 14 July 1960. p. 14 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Hogere prijzen in de Ronde van Frankrijk" [Higher prizes in the Tour de France]. Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 23 June 1960. p. 15 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Uitslagen Tour de France" [Tour de France results]. Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant (in Dutch). 1 July 1961. p. 6 – via Krantenbank Zeeland.
- ^ "Ab Geldermans door val uit de Tour Jos Planckaert etappe-winnaar met ruim 5 min. voorsprong" [Ab Geldermans due to fall from the Tour Jos Planckaert stage winner with more than 5 minutes lead]. Friese Koerier (in Dutch). 1 July 1961. p. 7 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Kleine misrekening" [Small miscalculation]. Friese Koerier (in Dutch). 13 July 1962. p. 13 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Nijdam rekent voor Janssen af met Altig" [Nijdam settles Altig for Janssen]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 2 July 1964. p. 17 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Jimenez le roi des Alpes où R. Binggeli est très à l'aise" [Jimenez the King of the Alps where R. Binggeli is very comfortable] (PDF). Feuille d'Avis du Valais (in French). 10 July 1965. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019 – via RERO.
- ^ "El film del Tour: Las mil imagenes de una pelicula" [The Tour movie: The thousand images of a movie] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 10 July 1965. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Pelicula de la etapa" [Stage movie] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 8 July 1966. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Hoy el Galibier puede salir al paso del Balon d'Alsace" [Today the Galibier can leave at the pass of Balon d'Alsace] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 10 July 1967. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Gimondi won etappe over de Galibier" [Gimondi won the Galibier stage]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). 11 July 1967. p. 6 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Goede dag voor Arie den Hartog" [Good day for Arie den Hartog]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 19 July 1968. p. 27 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Jan Janssen Van Springel mocht winnen" [Jan Janssen Van Springel won]. Friese Koerier (in Dutch). 9 July 1969. p. 9 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Monotone tweede Pyreneeënrit laat zien: Merckx maakt zich niet druk meer" [Monotonous second Pyrenees ride shows: Merckx is no longer concerned]. De Waarheid (in Dutch). 16 July 1970. p. 2 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Feiten en cijfers van de Tour" [Facts and figures of the Tour]. NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). 19 July 171. p. 11 – via Delpher.
- ^ "58ème Tour de France 1971 - 19ème étape" [58th Tour de France 1971 – 19th stage]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ "Ocana staakt wanhopige strijd" [Ocana ends desperate fight]. Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 18 July 1972. p. 14. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019 – via De Krant van Toen.
- ^ "Naar mijn mening" [In my opinion]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 10 July 1973. p. 7 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Galibier was de scherprechter" [Galibier was the executioner]. De Waarheid (in Dutch). 10 July 1974. p. 2 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Van kilometer tot kilometer" [From kilometer to kilometer]. De Vrije Zeeuw (in Dutch). 16 July 1975. p. 11 – via Krantenbank Zeeland.
- ^ "Pelicula de le etapa: Lopez Carril, escapada victoriosa de 57 kilometeros" [Film of the stage: Lopez Carril, victorious escape of 57 kilometers] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 16 July 1975. p. 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Tourwijs" [Tour wise]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 6 July 1976. p. 15. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ Saunders 1976, "Chapter four: The Alps and Provence".
- ^ "Toppers beperken zich nog tot de eerste schifting" [Toppers limit themselves to the first selection]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 4 July 1977. p. 7 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Tour-Varia" [Tour-Miscellaneous]. De Stem (in Dutch). 12 July 1978. p. 8 – via Krantenbank Zeeland.
- ^ "Van km tot km" [From km to km]. De Stem (in Dutch). 16 July 1979. p. 11 – via Krantenbank Zeeland.
- ^ "De aanval loont voor Demuynck" [The attack pays off for Demuynck]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 15 July 1980. p. 7 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Theo de Rooy in de prijzen" [Theo de Rooy wins prizes]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 3 July 1981. p. 15 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Devaluate drukt prijzenschema" [Devaluate prints pricing schedule]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 2 July 1982. p. 18 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Hinault weinig meer gebeuren: Willems de Tour verziekt!" [Hinault little more to happen: Willems spoils the Tour!]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 16 July 1982. p. 15 – via Delpher.
- ^ Millar, Robert (8 July 2016). "Robert Millar blog: Winning in the Circle of Death". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ "Tourrenners gaan minder verdienen" [Tour riders are going to earn less]. Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 1 July 1983. p. 7. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019 – via De Krant van Toen.
- ^ "Fignon legt z'n wil op" [Fignon imposes his will]. De Waarheid (in Dutch). 19 July 1984. p. 4 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Greg Lemond gevangen in keurslijf" [Greg Lemond caught in straitjacket]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 17 July 1985. p. 17 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Mythe Colombianen voorbij" [Myth Colombians pass by]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 22 July 1986. p. 9 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Iedere renner kan tien mille verdienen" [Every rider can earn ten mille]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 1 July 1987. p. 14 – via Delpher.
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- ^ "Koersverloop" [Price trend]. Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 19 July 1988. p. 9. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019 – via De Krant van Toen.
- ^ "75ème Tour de France 1988 - 15ème étape" [75th Tour de France 1988 – 15th stage]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ "Etappe-kroniek" [Stage chronicle]. Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant (in Dutch). Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau. 20 July 1989. p. 15. Retrieved 1 March 2019 – via Krantenbank Zeeland.
- ^ "Una jornada para destrozar" [A day to destroy] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 17 July 1990. p. 42. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "M. A. Martínez acarició la gloria" [M. A. Martínez stroked the glory] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 18 July 1990. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Indurain koning in koninginnerit" [Indurain king in queen stage]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 20 July 1991. p. 27 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Tour de France". Le Soir (in French). 5 July 1991. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "De amarilio en Alpe d'Huez" [Of Amarilio in Alpe d'Huez] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 20 July 1992. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Tour de France". Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch). 4 July 1992. p. 25 – via Historische Kranten, Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken.
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- ^ "Vier miljoen prijzengeld te verdienen" [Earn four million in prize money]. Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 5 July 1993. p. 14. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019 – via De Krant van Toen.
- ^ "Drijzengeld Tour '94" [Tour money '94]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 29 June 1994. p. 26 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Van km tot km" [From km to km]. Trouw (in Dutch). 16 July 1994. p. 13 – via Delpher.
- ^ "82ème Tour de France 1995" [82nd Tour de France 1995]. Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
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External links
[edit] Media related to Monument Henri Desgrange at Wikimedia Commons