Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
POLR2C Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 5IYC , 5IY6 , 5IYD , 5IY8 , 5IY7 , 5IY9 , 5IYA , 5IYB ,%%s5IYD , 5IY8 , 5IYC , 5IY6 , 5IY7 , 5IYA , 5IY9 , 5IYB
Identifiers Aliases POLR2C , RPB3, RPB31, hRPB33, hsRPB3, polymerase (RNA) II subunit C, RNA polymerase II subunit CExternal IDs OMIM : 180663 MGI : 109299 HomoloGene : 2017 GeneCards : POLR2C Wikidata
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR2C gene .[5]
Function [ edit ]
This gene encodes the third largest subunit of RNA polymerase II , the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene contains a cysteine rich region and exists as a heterodimer with another polymerase subunit, POLR2J . These two subunits form a core subassembly unit of the polymerase. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 21.[6]
Interactions [ edit ]
POLR2C has been shown to interact with:
ATF4 ,[7]
CCHCR1 ,[8]
Myogenin ,[9]
POLR2A ,[10]
POLR2B ,[10]
POLR2E [10] and
POLR2F ,[10]
POLR2G ,[10]
POLR2H ,[10]
POLR2J ,[9] [10]
POLR2K ,[10]
POLR2L ,[10] and
TAF15 .[11]
References [ edit ]
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102978 – Ensembl , May 2017
^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031783 – Ensembl , May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ Acker J, Mattei MG, Wintzerith M, Roeckel N, Depetris D, Vigneron M, Kedinger C (Aug 1994). "Chromosomal localization of human RNA polymerase II subunit genes". Genomics . 20 (3): 496–9. doi :10.1006/geno.1994.1208 . PMID 8034326 .
^ "Entrez Gene: POLR2C polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide C, 33kDa" .
^ De Angelis R, Iezzi S, Bruno T, Corbi N, Di Padova M, Floridi A, Fanciulli M, Passananti C (Jul 2003). "Functional interaction of the subunit 3 of RNA polymerase II (RPB3) with transcription factor-4 (ATF4)". FEBS Lett . 547 (1–3): 15–9. doi :10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00659-8 . PMID 12860379 . S2CID 33230891 .
^ Corbi N, Bruno T, De Angelis R, Di Padova M, Libri V, Di Certo MG, Spinardi L, Floridi A, Fanciulli M, Passananti C (Sep 2005). "RNA polymerase II subunit 3 is retained in the cytoplasm by its interaction with HCR, the psoriasis vulgaris candidate gene product" . J. Cell Sci . 118 (Pt 18): 4253–60. doi :10.1242/jcs.02545 . PMID 16141233 .
^ a b Corbi N, Di Padova M, De Angelis R, Bruno T, Libri V, Iezzi S, Floridi A, Fanciulli M, Passananti C (Oct 2002). "The alpha-like RNA polymerase II core subunit 3 (RPB3) is involved in tissue-specific transcription and muscle differentiation via interaction with the myogenic factor myogenin" . FASEB J . 16 (12): 1639–41. doi :10.1096/fj.02-0123fje . PMID 12207009 . S2CID 30243193 .
^ a b c d e f g h i Acker J, de Graaff M, Cheynel I, Khazak V, Kedinger C, Vigneron M (Jul 1997). "Interactions between the human RNA polymerase II subunits" . J. Biol. Chem . 272 (27): 16815–21. doi :10.1074/jbc.272.27.16815 . PMID 9201987 .
^ Bertolotti A, Melot T, Acker J, Vigneron M, Delattre O, Tora L (Mar 1998). "EWS, but not EWS-FLI-1, is associated with both TFIID and RNA polymerase II: interactions between two members of the TET family, EWS and hTAFII68, and subunits of TFIID and RNA polymerase II complexes" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 18 (3): 1489–97. doi :10.1128/mcb.18.3.1489 . PMC 108863 . PMID 9488465 .
Further reading [ edit ]
Jeang KT (1998). "Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription". J. Biomed. Sci . 5 (1): 24–7. doi :10.1007/BF02253352 . PMID 9570510 .
Yankulov K, Bentley D (1998). "Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation" . Curr. Biol . 8 (13): R447–9. Bibcode :1998CBio....8.R447Y . doi :10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70289-1 . PMID 9651670 . S2CID 15480646 .
Romano G, Kasten M, De Falco G, Micheli P, Khalili K, Giordano A (2000). "Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression". J. Cell. Biochem . 75 (3): 357–68. doi :10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991201)75:3<357::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-K . PMID 10536359 . S2CID 43685090 .
Marcello A, Zoppé M, Giacca M (2002). "Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the HIV-1 Tat transactivator" . IUBMB Life . 51 (3): 175–81. doi :10.1080/152165401753544241 . PMID 11547919 . S2CID 10931640 .
Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J (2007). "The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention" . Med Res Rev . 26 (5): 595–625. doi :10.1002/med.20081 . PMC 7168390 . PMID 16838299 .
Harrich D, McMillan N, Munoz L, Apolloni A, Meredith L (2007). "Will diverse Tat interactions lead to novel antiretroviral drug targets?". Current Drug Targets . 7 (12): 1595–606. doi :10.2174/138945006779025338 . PMID 17168834 .
Kato H, Sumimoto H, Pognonec P, Chen CH, Rosen CA, Roeder RG (1992). "HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors" . Genes Dev . 6 (4): 655–66. doi :10.1101/gad.6.4.655 . PMID 1559613 .
Pati UK, Weissman SM (1990). "The amino acid sequence of the human RNA polymerase II 33-kDa subunit hRPB 33 is highly conserved among eukaryotes" . J. Biol. Chem . 265 (15): 8400–3. doi :10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38900-8 . PMID 2187864 .
Southgate C, Zapp ML, Green MR (1990). "Activation of transcription by HIV-1 Tat protein tethered to nascent RNA through another protein". Nature . 345 (6276): 640–2. Bibcode :1990Natur.345..640S . doi :10.1038/345640a0 . PMID 2190099 . S2CID 4233742 .
Wu-Baer F, Sigman D, Gaynor RB (1995). "Specific binding of RNA polymerase II to the human immunodeficiency virus trans-activating region RNA is regulated by cellular cofactors and Tat" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 92 (16): 7153–7. Bibcode :1995PNAS...92.7153W . doi :10.1073/pnas.92.16.7153 . PMC 41297 . PMID 7638159 .
Herrmann CH, Rice AP (1995). "Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II: candidate for a Tat cofactor" . J. Virol . 69 (3): 1612–20. doi :10.1128/JVI.69.3.1612-1620.1995 . PMC 188757 . PMID 7853496 .
Keen NJ, Gait MJ, Karn J (1996). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat is an integral component of the activated transcription-elongation complex" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 93 (6): 2505–10. Bibcode :1996PNAS...93.2505K . doi :10.1073/pnas.93.6.2505 . PMC 39827 . PMID 8637904 .
Yang X, Herrmann CH, Rice AP (1996). "The human immunodeficiency virus Tat proteins specifically associate with TAK in vivo and require the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II for function" . J. Virol . 70 (7): 4576–84. doi :10.1128/JVI.70.7.4576-4584.1996 . PMC 190394 . PMID 8676484 .
Agostini I, Navarro JM, Rey F, Bouhamdan M, Spire B, Vigne R, Sire J (1996). "The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr transactivator: cooperation with promoter-bound activator domains and binding to TFIIB". J. Mol. Biol . 261 (5): 599–606. doi :10.1006/jmbi.1996.0485 . PMID 8800208 .
Zhou Q, Sharp PA (1996). "Tat-SF1: cofactor for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat". Science . 274 (5287): 605–10. Bibcode :1996Sci...274..605Z . doi :10.1126/science.274.5287.605 . PMID 8849451 . S2CID 13266489 .
Okamoto H, Sheline CT, Corden JL, Jones KA, Peterlin BM (1996). "Trans-activation by human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein requires the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 93 (21): 11575–9. Bibcode :1996PNAS...9311575O . doi :10.1073/pnas.93.21.11575 . PMC 38099 . PMID 8876177 .
Chun RF, Jeang KT (1996). "Requirements for RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain for activated transcription of human retroviruses human T-cell lymphotropic virus I and HIV-1" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (44): 27888–94. doi :10.1074/jbc.271.44.27888 . PMID 8910388 .
Parada CA, Roeder RG (1996). "Enhanced processivity of RNA polymerase II triggered by Tat-induced phosphorylation of its carboxy-terminal domain". Nature . 384 (6607): 375–8. Bibcode :1996Natur.384..375P . doi :10.1038/384375a0 . PMID 8934526 . S2CID 4278432 .
García-Martínez LF, Ivanov D, Gaynor RB (1997). "Association of Tat with purified HIV-1 and HIV-2 transcription preinitiation complexes" . J. Biol. Chem . 272 (11): 6951–8. doi :10.1074/jbc.272.11.6951 . PMID 9054383 .