Leader of the Opposition of Lok Sabha | |
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Lok Sabhā ke Vipakṣa ke Netā | |
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since 9 June 2024 | |
Style | The Honourable |
Type | Leader of the opposition |
Status | Head of the opposition alliance or main opposition party |
Residence | 10, Janpath, New Delhi |
Nominator | Members of the Official Opposition in the Lok Sabha |
Appointer | Speaker of the Lok Sabha |
Term length | 5 years |
Inaugural holder | Ram Subhag Singh (1969–1970) |
Formation | 1950 |
Deputy | Deputy Leader of the Opposition |
Salary | ₹330,000 (US$4,000) (excl. allowances) per month |
Website | loksabha |
This article is part of a series on the |
Politics of India |
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The Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha (IAST: Lok Sabhā ke Vipakṣa ke Netā) is an elected Member of Lok Sabha who leads the official opposition in the Lower House of the Parliament of India. The Leader of the Opposition is the parliamentary chairperson of the largest political party in the Lok Sabha that is not in government (provided that said political party has at least 10% of the seats in the Lok Sabha).[1] Rahul Gandhi is currently serving as Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha.[2]
The office holder ranks 7th in the Order of Precedence of India.[3]
History
[edit]In the Lok Sabha until 1969, there was a de facto opposition leader with no formal recognition, status or privilege. Later, the leader of the opposition was given official recognition, and their salary and allowances were extended by the Act of 1977. Since then, the leader in the Lok Sabha should satisfy three conditions, namely,
- he should be a member of the House
- of the party in opposition to the Government having the greatest numerical strength and
- be recognized by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha
In December 1969, the Congress Party (O) was recognized as the main opposition party in the parliament while its leader, Ram Subhag Singh played the role of the opposition leader.
Roles and responsibilities
[edit]- Status equivalent to Cabinet minister rank
- Member of selection committees
- Central bureau of investigation
- Chief Election commissioner
- Election commissioners
- Enforcement director
- National Human Rights Commissioner
- Lokpal Chief
- Audit and Expenditure committee of Government expenditure
Privileges and salary
[edit]The leader of opposition is a statutory post and officially recognized in “The salary and allowance of Leader of opposition act, 1977”.[1]
List of leaders of the opposition in Lok Sabha
[edit]The Lok Sabha did not officially recognize a Leader of the Opposition until 1969. The position was vacant between 1970 and 1977, between 1980 and 1989 and between 2014 and 2024.[4] Rahul Gandhi of the Congress party has been appointed leader of the opposition in India's parliament, filling a post that had been empty for a decade.[5]
No. | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Tenure | Lok Sabha | Prime Minister | Party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | – | Vacant | - | 17 April 1952 | 4 April 1957 | 14 years, 320 days | 1st | Jawaharlal Nehru | No official opposition | |
5 April 1957 | 31 March 1962 | 2nd | ||||||||
2 April 1962 | 27 May 1964 | 3rd | ||||||||
– | – | Vacant | - | 9 June 1964. | 3 March 1967 | 2 years, 267 days | 3rd | Lal Bahadur Shastri | No official opposition | |
1 | ![]() |
Ram Subhag Singh | Buxar | 17 December 1969 | 27 December 1970 | 1 year, 10 days | 4th | Indira Gandhi | Indian National Congress (O) | |
– | – | Vacant | – | 27 December 1970 | 30 June 1977 | 6 years, 185 days | 5th | No official opposition | ||
2 | ![]() |
Yashwantrao Chavan | Satara | 1 July 1977 | 11 April 1978 | 284 days | 6th | Morarji Desai | Indian National Congress | |
3 | ![]() |
C. M. Stephen | Idukki | 12 April 1978 | 9 July 1979 | 1 year, 88 days | ||||
(2) | ![]() |
Yashwantrao Chavan | Satara | 10 July 1979 | 28 July 1979 | 18 days | ||||
4 | ![]() |
Jagjivan Ram | Sasaram | 29 July 1979 | 22 August 1979 | 24 days | Charan Singh | Janata Party | ||
– | – | Vacant | – | 22 August 1979 | 31 December 1984 | 5 years, 131 days | 7th | Indira Gandhi | No official opposition[6] | |
31 December 1984 | 18 December 1989 | 4 years, 352 days | 8th | Rajiv Gandhi | ||||||
5 | ![]() |
Rajiv Gandhi | Amethi | 18 December 1989 | 23 December 1990 | 1 year, 5 days | 9th | VP Singh | Indian National Congress | |
6 | ![]() |
L. K. Advani | New Delhi | 24 December 1990 | 13 March 1991 | 2 years, 214 days | Chandra Shekhar | Bharatiya Janata Party | ||
Gandhinagar | 21 June 1991 | 26 July 1993 | 10th | P. V. Narasimha Rao | ||||||
7 | ![]() |
Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Lucknow | 21 July 1993 | 10 May 1996 | 2 years, 289 days | ||||
8 | ![]() |
P. V. Narasimha Rao | Berhampur | 16 May 1996 | 31 May 1996 | 15 days | 11th | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Indian National Congress | |
(7) | ![]() |
Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Lucknow | 1 June 1996 | 4 December 1997 | 1 year, 186 days | Deve Gowda IK Gujral |
Bharatiya Janata Party | ||
9 | ![]() |
Sharad Pawar | Baramati | 19 March 1998 | 26 April 1999 | 1 year, 38 days | 12th | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Indian National Congress | |
10 | ![]() |
Sonia Gandhi | Amethi | 31 October 1999 | 6 February 2004 | 4 years, 98 days | 13th | |||
(6) | ![]() |
L. K. Advani | Gandhinagar | 21 May 2004 | 20 December 2009 | 5 years, 213 days | 14th | Manmohan Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
11 | ![]() |
Sushma Swaraj | Vidisha | 21 December 2009 | 19 May 2014 | 4 years, 149 days | 15th | |||
– | – | Vacant | – | 20 May 2014 | 29 May 2019 | 10 years, 20 days | 16th | Narendra Modi | No official opposition[6][7] | |
30 May 2019 | 8 June 2024 | 17th | ||||||||
12 | ![]() |
Rahul Gandhi | Raebareli | 9 June 2024 | Incumbent | 70 days | 18th | Indian National Congress[8] |
Statistics
[edit]List of leaders of the opposition by length of term
[edit]No. | Name | Party | Length of term | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longest continuous term | Total years of opposition-ship | ||||
1 | Lal Krishna Advani | BJP | 5 years, 213 days | 8 years, 174 days | |
2 | Sushma Swaraj | BJP | 4 years, 148 days | 4 years, 148 days | |
3 | Sonia Gandhi | INC | 4 years, 116 days | 4 years, 116 days | |
4 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | BJP | 2 years, 289 days | 3 years, 110 days | |
5 | C. M. Stephen | INC | 1 year, 89 days | 1 year, 89 days | |
6 | Sharadchandra Pawar | INC | 1 year, 38 days | 1 year, 38 days | |
7 | Yashwantrao Chavan | INC | 1 year, 20 days | 1 year, 38 days | |
8 | Ram Subhag Singh | INC(O) | 1 year, 10 days | 1 year, 10 days | |
9 | Rajiv Gandhi | INC | 1 year, 6 days | 1 year, 6 days | |
10 | Rahul Gandhi | INC | 70 days | 70 days | |
11 | Jagjivan Ram | JP | 25 days | 25 days | |
12 | P. V. Narasimha Rao | INC | 16 days | 16 days | |
– | Vacant | – | – | 14 years 320 days | 44 years 180 days |
Fraction of time of holding LoP by party (as of August 2024)
Deputy leaders of the opposition in Lok Sabha
[edit]No. | Portrait | Name
(Birth–Death) |
Elected constituency | Term of office[9] | Lok Sabha (Election) |
Political party | Leader of the Opposition | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assumed office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||||
1 | ![]() |
Sushma Swaraj | Vidisha | 3 June 2009 | 21 December 2009 | 201 days | 15th (2009) |
Bharatiya Janata Party | Lal Krishna Advani | ||
2 | ![]() |
Gopinath Munde | Beed | 22 December 2009 | 18 May 2014 | 4 years, 147 days | Sushma Swaraj |
See also
[edit]- Vice-President of India (Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha)
- Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha
- Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha
- Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha
- Leader of the House in Lok Sabha
- Secretary General of the Lok Sabha
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Who is Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha? A look at powers and possible candidates this time". Livemint. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi as LoP after 10 years: 'Shadow PM' powers in Lok Sabha explained". India Today. 28 June 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ "What powers will Rahul Gandhi have in Lok Sabha as Leader of Opposition?". Hindustani Times. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ "Lok Sabha". Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi's big test as India's opposition leader". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ a b "No leader of oppn? There wasn't any in Nehru, Indira, Rajiv days". Rediff. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ "Narendra Modi government will not have Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha again". India Today.
- ^ "Speaker has recognised Congress MP Rahul Gandhi as the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha with effect from 9th June 2024".
- ^ The ordinal number of the term being served by the person specified in the row in the corresponding period
Further reading
[edit]- Manisha, M. (2010–2011), Parliamentary Efficacy and the Role of the Opposition: A Comparative Study of the 2nd and 14th Lok Sabha (PDF), Rajya Sabha Fellowship for Parliamentary Studies, rajyasabha.nic.in