Bucephalus (Ancient Greek: Βουκέφαλος, lit. 'ox-headed', from βοῦς, "ox", and κεφαλή, "head") was a type of branding mark used on horses in ancient Greece. It was one of the three most common, besides Ϻ, San, and Ϙ, Koppa. Those horses marked with a San were called Σαμφόραι, Samphórai; those with a Koppa, Κοππατίαι, Koppatíai; and those with an ox's head, Βουκέφαλοι, Bucéphaloi.
This mark was stamped on the horse's buttocks and its harnesses, judging by the scholia on Aristophanes's The Clouds, Hesychius, and other works.[1]
Alexander the Great's horse was named Bucephalus after this brand on its haunch.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). "Bucephalus". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
- ^ Hammond, N. G. L. (1998). "Chapter One: The boyhood of Alexander". The Genius of Alexander the Great. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4744-5. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Bucephalus, meaning 'Oxhead', so named from the brand-mark on his haunch, was a stallion some four years old.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). "Bucephalus". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.