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{{See also|Demolition of Babri Masjid|2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute}}
{{See also|Demolition of Babri Masjid|2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute}}
<!--PLEASE DO NOT MODIFY THIS SECTION. It contains content directly from [[Ayodhya dispute]]. Attribution may be found in the original article.-->
<!--PLEASE DO NOT MODIFY THIS SECTION. It contains content directly from [[Ayodhya dispute]]. Attribution may be found in the original article.-->
[[Rama]], considered an incarnation of god [[Vishnu]], is a widely worshiped [[Hindu deity]]. According to the ancient Indian epic, [[Ramayana]], Rama was born in a legendary place called [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]. In the 16th century, the [[Mughals]] constructed a mosque, the [[Babri Masjid]]. This is believed to be the site of the [[Ram Janmabhoomi]], the birthplace of Rama. A violent [[Ayodhya dispute|dispute]] arose in the 1850s.
[[Rama]], considered an incarnation of god [[Vishnu]], is a widely worshiped [[Hindu deity]]. According to the ancient Indian epic, [[Ramayana]], Rama was born in a legendary place called [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]. In the 16th century, the [[Mughals]] demolished the temple and constructed a mosque, the [[Babri Masjid]] there. This is believed to be the site of the [[Ram Janmabhoomi]], the birthplace of Rama. A violent [[Ayodhya dispute|dispute]] arose in the 1850s.


In the 1980s, the [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] (VHP), belonging to the [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalist]] family [[Sangh Parivar]], launched a new movement to reclaim the site for Hindus and to erect a temple dedicated to the infant Rama (''Ram Lalla'') at this spot. In November 1989, the VHP laid the foundations of a temple on land adjacent to the disputed mosque. On 6 December 1992, the VHP and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] organised a rally at the site involving 150,000 volunteers, known as [[kar sevak]]s. The rally turned violent, and the crowd overwhelmed the security forces and [[Demolition of Babri Masjid|tore down the mosque]]. The demolition resulted in several months of intercommunal rioting between India's Hindu and Muslim communities, causing the [[Bombay riots|death of at least 2,000 people]], mainly Muslim.<ref>{{cite news |title=India's Narendra Modi Broke Ground on a Controversial Temple of Ram. Here's Why It Matters |url=https://time.com/5875380/modi-ram-temple-ayodhya-groundbreaking/?amp=true |work=TIME |quote=For Muslims in India, it is the site of a 16th century mosque that was demolished by a mob in 1992, sparking sectarian riots that led to some 2,000 deaths.|date=August 4, 2020}}</ref>
In the 1980s, the [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] (VHP), belonging to the [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalist]] family [[Sangh Parivar]], launched a new movement to reclaim the site for Hindus and to erect a temple dedicated to the infant Rama (''Ram Lalla'') at this spot. In November 1989, the VHP laid the foundations of a temple on land adjacent to the disputed mosque. On 6 December 1992, the VHP and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] organised a rally at the site involving 150,000 volunteers, known as [[kar sevak]]s. The rally turned violent, and the crowd overwhelmed the security forces and [[Demolition of Babri Masjid|tore down the mosque]]. The demolition resulted in several months of intercommunal rioting between India's Hindu and Muslim communities, causing the [[Bombay riots|death of at least 2,000 people]], mainly Muslim.<ref>{{cite news |title=India's Narendra Modi Broke Ground on a Controversial Temple of Ram. Here's Why It Matters |url=https://time.com/5875380/modi-ram-temple-ayodhya-groundbreaking/?amp=true |work=TIME |quote=For Muslims in India, it is the site of a 16th century mosque that was demolished by a mob in 1992, sparking sectarian riots that led to some 2,000 deaths.|date=August 4, 2020}}</ref>

Revision as of 11:24, 24 August 2020

Ram Mandir
राम मंदिर, अयोध्या
Religion
AffiliationHinduism
DeityRam Lalla (infant form of Rama)
FestivalsRama Navami, Diwali, Dussehra
Location
LocationRam Janmabhoomi, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ram Mandir is located in India
Ram Mandir
Shown within India
Ram Mandir is located in Uttar Pradesh
Ram Mandir
Ram Mandir (Uttar Pradesh)
Geographic coordinates26°47′44″N 82°11′39″E / 26.7956°N 82.1943°E / 26.7956; 82.1943
Architecture
Architect(s)Sompura family
(Chandrakant Sompura[1]
Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura[2])
CreatorShri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra
Groundbreaking5 August 2020
CompletedUnder construction since 4 years, 1 month, 3 weeks and 4 days
Temple(s)1
This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

Ram Mandir (राम मंदिर, transl. Ram Temple) is a Hindu temple that is being built at the sacred pilgrimage site of Ram Janmabhoomi in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.[3] Hindus believe the site to be the birthplace of Rama, whom they worship as the seventh avatar (incarnation) of Vishnu. The temple construction will be undertaken by Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra. The temple has been designed by the Sompura family of Gujarat and its ground-breaking ceremony was held on 5 August 2020.

In 1528, the Mughals had demolished it and erected a mosque on the site, the Babri Masjid. Disputes over the rightful use of the site resulted in multiple protests since the 1850s. A crowd of Hindu protesters illegally demolished the mosque in 1992. In its 2019 verdict, the Supreme Court ruled that there was a Hindu temple there before based on evidence by the Archaeological Survey of India and directed that a temple for Rama be constructed at the site and 500 acres of land be given to construct a mosque at an alternative site.

History

Background

Main article: Ayodhya dispute
See also: Demolition of Babri Masjid and 2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute

Rama, considered an incarnation of god Vishnu, is a widely worshiped Hindu deity. According to the ancient Indian epic, Ramayana, Rama was born in a legendary place called Ayodhya. In the 16th century, the Mughals demolished the temple and constructed a mosque, the Babri Masjid there. This is believed to be the site of the Ram Janmabhoomi, the birthplace of Rama. A violent dispute arose in the 1850s.

In the 1980s, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), belonging to the Hindu nationalist family Sangh Parivar, launched a new movement to reclaim the site for Hindus and to erect a temple dedicated to the infant Rama (Ram Lalla) at this spot. In November 1989, the VHP laid the foundations of a temple on land adjacent to the disputed mosque. On 6 December 1992, the VHP and the Bharatiya Janata Party organised a rally at the site involving 150,000 volunteers, known as kar sevaks. The rally turned violent, and the crowd overwhelmed the security forces and tore down the mosque. The demolition resulted in several months of intercommunal rioting between India's Hindu and Muslim communities, causing the death of at least 2,000 people, mainly Muslim.[4]

A 2003 archaeological excavation by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) found evidence indicating that a Hindu temple had existed on the site. Over the years, various title and legal disputes also took place, such as the passage of the Acquisition of Certain Area at Ayodhya Ordinance, 1993. It was only after the 2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute that it was decided the disputed land be handed over to a trust formed by the Indian government for the construction of a Ram temple. The trust was eventually formed under the name Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra. Five acres of land was allocated for the mosque elsewhere in the city. On 5 February 2020, it was announced in the Parliament that the Narendra Modi government had accepted a scheme to construct the temple.

Prior construction efforts

In the 1980s, the VHP collected funds and bricks with "Shree Ram" written on them. Later, the Rajiv Gandhi government gave the VHP permission for Shilanyas,[a] with the then Home Minister Buta Singh formally conveying the permission to the VHP leader Ashok Singhal. Initially the centre and state governments had agreed upon the conducting of the Shilanyas outside of the disputed site. However, on 9 November 1989, a group of VHP leaders and Sadhus laid the foundation stone by digging a 200-litre (7-cubic-foot) pit adjacent to the disputed land. The singhdwar (transl. main entrance) of the sanctum was laid here.[5] Kameshwar Chaupal (a Dalit leader from Bihar) became one of the first people to lay the stone.[6]

Architecture

See also: Sompura family and Hindu temple architecture

The original design for the Ram temple was prepared in 1988 by the Sompura family of Ahmedabad.[2] The Sompuras have been part of the temple design of over 100 temples all over the world for at least 15 generations.[7] The chief architect of the temple is Chandrakant Sompura. He was assisted by his two sons Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura, who are also architects.[6]

A new design, with some changes from the original, was prepared by the Sompuras in 2020,[6] in accordance with Vastu shastra and the Shilpa Shastras.[8] The temple will be 235 feet wide, 360 feet long and 161 feet high. Once complete, the temple complex will be the world's third largest Hindu shrine.[6] It is designed in the Nagara style of Indian temple architecture.[7] A model of the proposed temple was showcased during the Prayag Kumbh Mela in 2019.[9]

The temple will be built in 10 acres and the 57 acres land will be developed as beautiful complex.[10] The temple complex will have a prayer hall, "a Ramkatha Kunj (lecture hall), a Vaidik Pathshala (educational facility), a Sant Niwas (saints' residence) and a Yatri Niwas (hostel for visitors)" and other facilities like a museum and a cafeteria.[5]

The main structure of the temple will be built on a raised platform and will have three storeys. It will have five mandapas in the middle of the garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum) and the entry, the three mandapas Kudu, Nritya, and Rang in the same order and two mandapas for the Kirtan and Prarthana will be on the one or the other side. In Nagara style, the mandapas are to be decorated with shikhara. The tallest Shikhara will be that above the Garbhagriha.[10] A total of 366 columns with 160 on the ground floor, 132 on first floor, 74 on second floor will be in the building structure. The columns will have 16 idols each to include all the incarnations of Shiva, the Dashavataras, the chausath joginis, and the 12 incarnations of the goddess Saraswati. The width of the stairs will be 16 feet. In accordance with scriptures dedicated to the design of temples dedicated to Vishnu, the sanctum sanctorum will be octagonal.[8]

Construction

The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust began the first phase of construction of the Ram Temple in March 2020.[11][12] However, the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India followed by the 2020 China–India skirmishes caused a temporary suspension of the construction.[13][14][15] During ground-leveling and excavation of the construction site a Shivaling, pillars and broken idols were found.[16] On 25 March 2020, Ram's idol was moved to a temporary location in the presence of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath.[17]

In preparation for its construction, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad organised a Vijay Mahamantra Jaap Anushthan, in which individuals would gather at different places to chant the Vijay Mahamantra, Shri Ram, Jai Ram, Jai Jai Ram, on 6 April 2020. This was said to ensure "victory over hurdles" in the construction of the temple.[18]

Larsen & Toubro, which reportedly offered to oversee the design and construction of the temple free of cost, is the contractor of the project.[19][20]

The construction work will be accomplished with 600 thousand cubic feet of sandstone Bansi mountain stones from Rajasthan.[8][10] Thirty years ago, more than two hundred thousand bricks etched with the 'Sri Rama' in several languages had arrived from various parts of the country will be utilized in the foundation.[10] The temple development is expected to be finished in the subsequent three years from the date of commencement of work after laying the foundation stone.[21]

The Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Mandir construction has begun, and the engineers have collected the soil samples for testing at the site. Primeval and customary techniques will create the shrine. The shrine will be strong enough to sustain earthquakes, storms, and other natural calamities. There will be no use of iron in the construction of the temple. The fusing of the stone blocks will require the Ten thousand copper plates. The size of each dish shall be 18 inches long, 30 mm breadth, and 3 mm depth.[22]

Ground-breaking ceremony

The temple construction officially started again after a ground-breaking ceremony on 5 August 2020. Three-day long Vedic rituals were held ahead of the ground-breaking ceremony, which revolved around the installation of a 40 kg silver brick as the foundation stone by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi.[2] On 4 August, the Ramarchan Puja was performed, an invitation to all the major gods and goddesses.[23]

On the occasion of the Bhoomi-Pooja, soil and holy-water from several religious places across India, Triveni Sangam of rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati at Prayagraj, Kaveri river at Talakaveri, Kamakhya Temple in Assam and many others, were collected.[24][25][26] Soil was also sent from various Hindu temples, Gurudwaras and Jain Temples across the nation to bless the upcoming temple. Among the many was Sharada Peeth located in Pakistan.[27][28][29] Soil was also sent form the four pilgrimage locations of Char Dham.[30] Temples in United States, Canada and Caribbean Islands held a virtual service to celebrate the occasion.[31] Rama's image were shown at Times Square.[32][33] All 7,000 temples in a 7 km radius of Hanumangarhi were also been asked to join in the celebrations by lighting diyas.[34] Muslims devotees in Ayodhya who consider Rama as their ancestor also looked forward to the bhoomi-puja. Spiritual leaders from all faiths were invited on the occasion.[35]

On 5 August, Prime Minister Modi first offered prayers at Hanumangarhi temple to seek blessings of Hanuman for the day's events.[36][37] Following this the ground breaking and foundation stone laying ceremony of Ram Mandir took place.[36] Yogi Adityanath, Mohan Bhagwat, Nritya Gopal Das and Narendra Modi gave speeches.[36] Modi started his speech with Jai Siya Ram and he went on to urge those in attendance to chant Jai Siya Ram.[38][39][40] He stated, "the call of Jai Siya Ram is resonating not only in the city of Lord Ram but throughout the world today" and that "Ram Mandir will become the modern symbol of our traditions".[41][42] Narendra Modi also paid his respects to the many who had made sacrifices for the Ram temple.[43] Mohan Bhagwat also thanked L. K. Advani for his contributions to the movement to get the temple built.[43] Modi also planted a sapling of the Parijat.[44] In front of the deity, Modi performed a dandvat pranam/ sashtang pranam, lying completely prone on the ground with hands outstretched in prayer.[45]

Orthodox priests and religious leaders complained that the ceremony did not follow proper ritual procedures, pointing out, among others, that 5 August was not a ritually auspicious date and that the function did not include a havan.[46] In this respect, writer Arundhati Roy pointed out that the chosen date marked one year since the revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, arguing that the decision to schedule the ceremony for 5 August, an inauspicious date with no significance in the Hindu calendar, symbolized the conclusion of a period "in which India under Modi has formally declared itself a Hindu Nation, the dawning of a new era."[47] Indian journalist Rana Ayyub described the event as an "ugly dance of fascism".[48]

Various political leaders hailed the ground-breaking ceremony. While some openly celebrated it, others worded their statements carefully.[49] Many expressed hope in furthering the country's progress by following the ideals of Ram.[50]

Soon after the ground-breaking ceremony, residents of Ayodhya expressed hope in improvements of job opportunities and development of the city, through tourism generated by the temple.[51]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, attendees at the temple were limited to 175.[36]

  • Narendra Modi performing Bhoomi Pujan at the groundbreaking. Also visible are Mohan Bhagwat and Anandiben Patel.
    Narendra Modi performing Bhoomi Pujan at the groundbreaking. Also visible are Mohan Bhagwat and Anandiben Patel.
  • PM Narendra Modi and CM Yogi Adityanath and other dignitaries unveiling the plaque to lay the foundation stone of Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir
    PM Narendra Modi and CM Yogi Adityanath and other dignitaries unveiling the plaque to lay the foundation stone of Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressing the gathering at the foundation stone laying ceremony of Ram Temple
    Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressing the gathering at the foundation stone laying ceremony of Ram Temple

Deity

Ram Lalla Virajman, the infant form of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, is the presiding deity of the temple.[52] Ram Lalla's dress will be stitched by tailors Bhagwat Prasad and Shankar Lal; Shankar Lal is a fourth generation tailor to Rama's idol.[53][54]

Ram Lalla was a litigant in the court case over the disputed site since 1989, being considered a "juristic person" by the law.[2] He was represented by Triloki Nath Pandey, a senior VHP leader who was considered as Ram Lalla's next 'human' friend.[52]

See also

Explanatory footnotes

  1. ^ Foundation stone ceremony

References

  1. ^ Umarji, Vinay (15 November 2019). "Chandrakant Sompura, the man who designed a Ram temple for Ayodhya". Business Standard. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Pandey, Alok (23 July 2020). "Ayodhya's Ram Temple Will Be 161-Foot Tall, An Increase Of 20 Feet". NDTV. Retrieved 23 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ Bajpai, Namita (7 May 2020). "Land levelling for Ayodhya Ram temple soon, says mandir trust after video conference". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  4. ^ "India's Narendra Modi Broke Ground on a Controversial Temple of Ram. Here's Why It Matters". TIME. 4 August 2020. For Muslims in India, it is the site of a 16th century mosque that was demolished by a mob in 1992, sparking sectarian riots that led to some 2,000 deaths.
  5. ^ a b "Grand Ram temple in Ayodhya before 2022". The New Indian Express. IANS. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ a b c d Bajpai, Namita (21 July 2020). "280-feet wide, 300-feet long and 161-feet tall: Ayodhya Ram temple complex to be world's third-largest Hindu shrine". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 23 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ a b Sampal, Rahul (28 July 2020). "Somnath, Akshardham & now Ram Mandir – Gujarat family designing temples for 15 generations". ThePrint. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  8. ^ a b c Misra, Leena (6 August 2020). "Meet the Sompuras, master architects who are building the Ram Temple in Ayodhya". The Indian Express. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  9. ^ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir construction to begin in April this year: Trustee". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 6 February 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d Husain, Yusra (31 July 2020). "Ram Mandir design: Nagara style of architecture for Ayodhya's Ram temple". The Times of India. Lucknow. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  11. ^ Sharma, Pratul (23 March 2020). "1st phase of Ram temple construction begins in Ayodhya". The Week. Retrieved 9 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ "Ram Mandir Construction: राम मंदिर निर्मितीच्या पहिल्या टप्प्यातील काम सुरू" [Ram Mandir Construction: Ram mandir Foundation Starts First Phase of Work]. Times Now Marathi (in Marathi). 8 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  13. ^ Bajpai, Namita (9 April 2020). "Ram Mandir plans continue during COVID-19 lockdown, temple trust releases its official Logo". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 9 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ "COVID-19: लॉकडाउन खत्म होते ही अयोध्या में शुरू होगा भव्य राम मंदिर निर्माण" [COVID-19: The Ram Temple construction will begin in Ayodhya after the end of lockdown]. News18 India (in Hindi). 1 January 1970. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  15. ^ "Indo-China border standoff: Plan to start construction of Ram Temple in Ayodhya suspended". The Economic Times. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  16. ^ "Shivling, carvings on sandstone found at Ram Janmabhoomi site: Temple trust". The Times of India. ANI. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ Rashid, Omar (25 March 2020). "U.P. Chief Minister Adityanath shifts Ram idol amid lockdown". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  18. ^ "VHP to organise 'Vijay Mahamantra Jaap Anushthan'". Outlook. IANS. 4 April 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  19. ^ "L&T to oversee the construction of Ram temple: Vishwa Hindu Parishad". Business Standard. 3 March 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  20. ^ "L&T ready to construct Ram temple in Ayodhya for free, say VHP leaders". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  21. ^ "Nagara style of architecture, 5 domes, 3 years for construction: Architect on Ram Temple [DETAILS]". www.timesnownews.com. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  22. ^ "Construction of Ram Mandir in Ayodhya begins". ANI News.
  23. ^ "'Ramarchan puja' begins ahead of 'bhoomi pujan' in Ayodhya". DNA India. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ Mehta, Kriti (22 July 2020). "Ram temple bhumi pujan: Sangam soil, water to be taken to Ayodhya; proceedings to be telecast live". The Times Of India.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ "Water, soil from Kodagu sent to Ayodhya". Deccan Herald. 24 July 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ "Sacred Soil of Kamakhya Temple taken for Construction of Ram Mandir". Guwahati Plus. 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ Singh, Akhilesh (26 July 2020). "VHP sends soil from gurdwara, Valmiki temple to Ayodhya". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ "Soil from Sharda Peeth in Kashmir to be used in Ram Mandir foundation in Ayodhya". The Kashmir Monitor. 25 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ^ "Soil from 11 places in Delhi sent for Ayodhya Ram Temple Bhoomika pujan". United News of India. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  30. ^ Roy, Suparna (26 July 2020). "Char Dham soil and Ganga water to be sent to Ayodhya for Ram Temple Bhumi Pujan". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 30 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. ^ "Temples in North America to hold virtual prayer to celebrate Ayodhya Ram Temple's foundation laying ceremony". The Hindu. PTI. 1 August 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 August 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  32. ^ "Lord Ram's images to be displayed in Times Square to celebrate August 5 Ayodhya Temple groundbreaking ceremony". The Hindu. PTI. 30 July 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  33. ^ "Largest digital display of Lord Ram shines in New York's Times Square". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  34. ^ Sharda, Shailvee (1 August 2020). "UP: On the threshold of change, Ayodhya braces for transition". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ^ "Muslim devotees of Lord Ram gear up to celebrate temple 'bhoomi pujan' in Ayodhya". The Hindu. PTI. 27 July 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 August 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  36. ^ a b c d Ray, Meenakshi, ed. (5 August 2020). "After bhoomi poojan at Ayodhya, RSS' Mohan Bhagwat says we have fulfilled our resolve". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  37. ^ "PM Modi gifted silver crown, headgear at Ayodhya's Hanuman Garhi temple". The Indian Express. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  38. ^ "From Laos to Lanka, Ram is everywhere: PM Modi in Ayodhya". India Today. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ^ "'Jai Siyaram' call resonating throughout the world: PM Narendra Modi". The Times of India. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ^ "Long wait ends today: PM chants 'Jai Siya Ram' in Ayodhya". Punjab News Express. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  41. ^ "With Jai Siya Ram, PM Modi departs from Jai Shri Ram chant at bhoomi pujan". India Today. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  42. ^ "Ram Mandir Will Be A Modern Symbol Of Our Traditions: PM Modi". BW Businessworld. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  43. ^ a b Tripathi, Ashutosh, ed. (5 August 2020). "At Ayodhya Ram temple event, PM Modi reiterates mantra to fight coronavirus". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  44. ^ Jain, Sanya (5 August 2020). "Watch: PM Narendra Modi Plants Parijat Sapling At Ram Temple". NDTV.com. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  45. ^ "Ram Mandir Bhoomi Pujan : राम लला को साष्टांग प्रणाम क‍िया प्रधानमंत्री मोदी ने, जानें क्‍या है इसका महत्‍व". Times Now Hindu (in Hindi). 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  46. ^ Pradhan, Sharat (7 August 2020). "At Ayodhya Bhoomi Pujan, Modi Became All-in-One; Proper Rituals Not Followed, Allege Pundits". thewire.in. Retrieved 7 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  47. ^ Roy, Arundhati (5 August 2020). "India's Day of Shame". thewire.in. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  48. ^ Kidangoor, Abhishyant (4 August 2020). "India's Narendra Modi Broke Ground on a Controversial Temple of Ram. Here's Why It Matters". TIME.
  49. ^ Menon, Aditya (5 August 2020). "Ram Mandir: Which Secular Leaders Hailed Bhoomi Pujan & Who Didn't". TheQuint. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  50. ^ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir Ceremony: Leaders Hope Development Would Pave Way For Harmony". Outlook. PTI. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  51. ^ Pandey, Neelam (5 August 2020). "Ram Mandir is more than an emotive issue for Ayodhya's youth — it means new opportunities". ThePrint. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  52. ^ a b "Ayodhya Case Verdict: Who is Ram Lalla Virajman, the 'Divine Infant' Given the Possession of Disputed Ayodhya Land". News18. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  53. ^ "अयोध्या: 5 अगस्त को इस टेलर का सिला पोशाक पहनेंगे रामलला" [On 5 August Ram will wear clothes stitched by this tailor]. News18 India (in Hindi). 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  54. ^ "What the idol of Ram Lalla will don for the Ayodhya temple 'bhoomi pujan' - Divine Couture". The Economic Times. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram_Mandir,_Ayodhya&diff=prev&oldid=974681991

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