→See also: Organizational psychology has little to do with MSDs, and the OP article doesn't mention them, so why should the reader go there for more information? |
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* [[Human factors and ergonomics]] |
* [[Human factors and ergonomics]] |
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* [[Human musculoskeletal system]] |
* [[Human musculoskeletal system]] |
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* [[Organizational psychology]] |
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* [[Occupational health psychology]] |
* [[Occupational health psychology]] |
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* [[Repetitive strain injury]] |
* [[Repetitive strain injury]] |
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Revision as of 23:09, 20 March 2014
| Musculoskeletal disorder | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Rheumatology  |
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) can affect the body's muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves. They can affect many different parts of the body including upper and lower back, neck, shoulders and extremities (arms, legs, feet, and hands).[1]. Most workplace MSD episodes involve multiple parts of the body.[2] MSDs are the most frequent health complaint by European workers.[3], and the third leading reason for disability and early retirement in the U.S.[4]
Prevalence
MSDs are widespread in many occupations, including those with heavy biomechanical load like construction and factory work, and those with lighter loads like office work.[5]The frequency of injury and body parts affected vary by occupation. For example, a national survey of U.S. nurses found that 38% reported an MSD in the prior year, mainly lower back injury.[6]
Assessment
Since MSDs involve soft tissue, there are often no visible signs of injury. Therefore, assessments are based on self-reports by people as to whether or not they are experiencing pain. A popular measure of MSDs is the Nordic Questionnaire that has a picture of the body with various areas labeled and asks the individual to indicate in which areas they have experienced pain, and in which areas has the pain interfered with normal activity[7]
Causes
There are many physical and psychosocial factors that are associated with MSDs including occupational stress.[8]
- High biomechanical load:
- Low social support
- Low job control
- Low job satisfaction
- High job strain
- High psychological distress
Biomechanical load has to do with aspects of job tasks. It concerns the force that must be applied to do tasks, the duration of the force applied, and the frequency with which tasks are performed.[9]
Occupational stress is thought to affect MSDs because they result in increased muscle tension and decreased blood supply in the extremities.[10]
See also
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Human factors and ergonomics
- Human musculoskeletal system
- Occupational health psychology
- Repetitive strain injury
- Sprain
- Tendinitis
- Tenosynovitis
External links
- Musculoskeletal disorders Single Entry Point European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (OSHA)
- Good Practices to prevent Musculoskeletal disorders European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (OSHA)
- Musculoskeletal disorders homepage Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
- Hazards and risks associated with manual handling of loads in the workplace European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (OSHA)
- CDC - Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
References
- ^ Kuorinka, I., Jonsson, B., Kilbom, A., Vinterberg, H., Biering-Sørensen, F., Andersson, G., & Jørgensen, K. (1987). Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied Ergonomics, 18(3), 233-237. doi: Doi: 10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-x
- ^ Haukka, E., Leino-Arjas, P., Ojajarvi, A., Takala, E.-P., Viikari-Juntura, E., & Riihimaki, H. (2011). Mental stress and psychosocial factors at work in relation to multiple-site musculoskeletal pain: A longitudinal study of kitchen workers. European Journal of Pain, 15(4), 432-438. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.09.005
- ^ Hauke, A., Flintrop, J., Brun, E., & Rugulies, R. (2011). The impact of work-related psychosocial stressors on the onset of musculoskeletal disorders in specific body regions: A review and meta-analysis of 54 longitudinal studies. Work & Stress, 25(3), 243-256. doi: 10.1080/02678373.2011.614069
- ^ Sprigg, C. A., Stride, C. B., Wall, T. D., Holman, D. J., & Smith, P. R. (2007). Work characteristics, musculoskeletal disorders, and the mediating role of psychological strain: A study of call center employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1456-1466.
- ^ Sprigg, C. A., Stride, C. B., Wall, T. D., Holman, D. J., & Smith, P. R. (2007). Work characteristics, musculoskeletal disorders, and the mediating role of psychological strain: A study of call center employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1456-1466.
- ^ American Nurses Association. (2001). Nursingworld organizational health & safety survey. Silver Spring, MD.
- ^ Kuorinka, I., Jonsson, B., Kilbom, A., Vinterberg, H., Biering-Sørensen, F., Andersson, G., & Jørgensen, K. (1987). Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied Ergonomics, 18(3), 233-237. doi: Doi: 10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-x
- ^ Hauke, A., Flintrop, J., Brun, E., & Rugulies, R. (2011). The impact of work-related psychosocial stressors on the onset of musculoskeletal disorders in specific body regions: A review and meta-analysis of 54 longitudinal studies. Work & Stress, 25(3), 243-256. doi: 10.1080/02678373.2011.614069
- ^ Barriera-Viruet, H., Sobeih, T. M., Daraiseh, N., & Salem, S. (2006). Questionnaires vs observational and direct measurements: A systematic review. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 7(3), 261-284. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14639220500090661
- ^ Hauke, A., Flintrop, J., Brun, E., & Rugulies, R. (2011). The impact of work-related psychosocial stressors on the onset of musculoskeletal disorders in specific body regions: A review and meta-analysis of 54 longitudinal studies. Work & Stress, 25(3), 243-256. doi: 10.1080/02678373.2011.614069