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[[File:Dr. John E. Halver (age 65).jpg|thumb|180px|Dr. John E. Halver (age 65)]]'''John Emil Halver''' (April 21, 1922–Oct 24, 2012) <ref>Funerals.coop/dr-john-emil-halver-iii</ref> was an American biochemist known for his research into the nutritional biochemistry, physiology, cellular biochemistry of fish.<ref>American Fisheries Society, National Fish Culture Hall of Fame, Spearfish, S.D. 2000</ref> His work on the nutritional needs of [[fish]] led to modern methods of [[fish farming]] and [[fish feed]] production around the world.<ref>http://depts.washington.edu/safs/newsletter/sprsum_2013/memoriam.html#halver</ref> He held a position with the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] as director of the [[Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory]] in [[Cook, Washington]], where Halver and his staff carried out reseaerch on the nutrient requirements for Pacific salmon.”<ref>http://www.fws.gov/eddies/episodeSpring2013/pioneers/index.html</ref>
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==Research==
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Prior to Dr. Halver’s research, fish could not be raised in captivity from egg to breeding adult. His work led to commercial fish feed manufacturing<ref>Fish Feed Technology. J. E. Halver, Ed. 395 Pgs. ADCP/REP/80/11. FAO; Rome, Italy. 1980</ref> and net pen fish farming by industrial countries, and also to fish rearing by individuals with very limited facilities.<ref>Special Methods in Pond Fish Husbandry. L. Horvath, G. Tamas, and I. Tolg. (J. E. Halver, Ed.) Akademiai Kaido; Budapest, Hungary. 150 pgs. 1985</ref><ref>Investigation on nutrition of some cultivable finfish species and development of cost-effective formulae feeds. A.K. Jafree and J.E. Halver. ICAR-USDA IN-AES-251. pgs 93. 1991</ref><ref>Nutrient requirements and metabolism of marine species. in Halver, J.E. (C. S. Lee, editor). Aquaculture: Retrospective and Outlook. - An Aquaculture Summit. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines and World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. P.117-132</ref> This increased protein availability to people in developing countries.
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In addition to fish nutrition Halver was also involved in human nutritional biochemistry research. In the US Army Medical Labs he worked on the nutritional requirements of military personnel, and the development of field rations for troops and astronauts.<ref>US Army Medical Corps, Halver, John Emil</ref><ref>Metabolism of Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbic-2-sulfate in Man and the subhuman primate. E. M. Baker, J. E. Halver, D.O.Johnsen, B.E.Joyce, M.K.Knight, and B. M. Tolbert. Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 258: 72-80 1975</ref>
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He also discovered the cause of trout hepatomas (liver cancer) in the early 1960s, and how to avoid them.<ref>Aflatoxicosis and Trout Hepatoma. John E Halver pp265-306 in Aflatoxin, L.A. Goldblatt, ed. Academic Press, NY</ref> He was voted into the National Academy of Sciences in 1978 on the basis of that work.<ref>http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001392.html</ref>


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Halver was a prominent research scientist on Vitamin C in its many forms.<ref>Separation of three commercial forms of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, Ascorbic-2-sulfate, and Ascorbic-2-polyphosphate) by HPLC. S. Felton and J. E. Halver. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine. 190: 217-218. (1989)</ref> His research showed that Vitamin C1 (Ascorbic Acid) the active form of C, is required by the body to create new cells and repair cells. His work also showed that C2 though C6 are other forms of C, some of which are stable.<ref>L-Ascorbyl-2-Sulfate alleviates Atlantic Salmon scurvy. J. E. Halver and R. W. Hardy. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine 206: 421-424. 1994</ref> The effectiveness of C1 breaks down when exposed to heat and light. Animal feeds that use the stable forms of C in their diet formulation can have a shelf life of many months and still be effective.<ref>Efficacy of L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate as a Vitamin C source for Rainbow Trout. Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding held June 1991 in Biarritz, France. J. E. Halver, S. Felton, A. Palmisano. p 137-147 in Fish Nutrition in Practice ( S. J. Kaushik and P Luquet, Eds.) INRA; Paris, France. 1992</ref> He was also involved in cancer research, looking at enzyme activity, proteins, lipids, and at the effect of nutrients upon gene functions.<ref>Effects of dietary Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain gene expression. Kitajka, Klara; Sinclair, Andrew J; Weisinger, Richard S; Weisinger, Harrison S; Mathai, Michael; Jayasooriya, Anura P; Halver, JE; Puskas, Laszlo G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:10931-10936 (2004)</ref>
((subst:submit))
John Emil Halver
April 21, 1922 – Oct 24, 2012 <ref>Funerals.coop/dr-john-emil-halver-iii</ref>

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John E. Halver, known for his pioneering work in nutritional biochemistry, physiology, cellular bio-chemistry, and metabolism, is called “the Father of Fish Nutrition”<ref>American Fisheries Society, National Fish Culture Hall of Fame, Spearfish, S.D. 2000</ref> because his work on the nutritional needs of fish enabled modern methods of fish farming worldwide. “All fish feed production around the world is based on his pioneering research.”<ref>http://fish.washington.edu/news/newsletter/sprsum_2013/memoriam. </ref> “Of note was his position with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as director of the Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory in Cook, Washington. It was here that Halver and his staff made breakthrough findings in the nutrient requirements for Pacific salmon.”<ref>www.fws.gov/eddies/episodeSpring2013/pioneers/index.html</ref>
⚫
==Research==
⚫
Prior to Halver’s work, fish could not be raised in captivity from egg to breeding adult. His work led to commercial fish feed manufacturing<ref>Fish Feed Technology. J. E. Halver, Ed. 395 Pgs. ADCP/REP/80/11. FAO; Rome, Italy. 1980</ref> and net pen fish farming by industrial countries, and also to fish rearing by individuals with very limited facilities <ref>Special Methods in Pond Fish Husbandry. L. Horvath, G. Tamas, and I. Tolg. (J. E. Halver, Ed.) Akademiai Kaido; Budapest, Hungary. 150 pgs. 1985</ref><ref>Investigation on nutrition of some cultivable finfish species and development of cost-effective formulae feeds. A.K. Jafree and J.E. Halver. ICAR-USDA IN-AES-251. pgs 93. 1991</ref><ref>Nutrient requirements and metabolism of marine species. in Halver, J.E. (C. S. Lee, editor). Aquaculture: Retrospective and Outlook. - An Aquaculture Summit. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines and World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. P.117-132</ref>. This allowed increased protein availability to families in 2nd and 3rd world countries.
⚫
In addition to fish nutrition Halver was also involved in human nutritional biochemistry research. In the US Army Medical Labs he worked on the nutritional requirements of military personnel, and development of field rations for troops and astronauts <ref>US Army Medical Corps, Halver, John Emil</ref><ref>Metabolism of Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbic-2-sulfate in Man and the subhuman primate. E. M. Baker, J. E. Halver, D.O.Johnsen, B.E.Joyce, M.K.Knight, and B. M. Tolbert. Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 258: 72-80 1975</ref>.
⚫
He also discovered the cause of trout hepatomas (liver cancer) in the early 1960’s <ref>Aflatoxicosis and Trout Hepatoma. John E Halver pp265-306 in Aflatoxin, L.A. Goldblatt, ed. Academic Press, NY</ref>.
⚫
Halver was a prominent research scientist on Vitamin C in its many forms<ref>Separation of three commer-cial forms of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, Ascorbic-2-sulfate, and Ascorbic-2-polyphosphate) by HPLC. S. Felton and J. E. Halver. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine. 190: 217-218. (1989)</ref>. His research showed that Vitamin C1 (Ascorbic Acid) the active form of C, is required by the body to create new cells and repair cells. His work also showed that C2 though C6 are other forms of C, some of which are stable <ref>L-Ascorbyl-2-Sulfate alleviates Atlantic Salmon scurvy. J. E. Halver and R. W. Hardy. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine 206: 421-424. 1994</ref>. The effectiveness of C1 breaks down when exposed to heat and light. Animal feeds that use the stable forms of C in their diet formulation can have a shelf life of many months and still be effective<ref> Efficacy of L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate as a Vitamin C source for Rainbow Trout. Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding held June 1991 in Biarritz, France. J. E. Halver, S. Felton, A. Palmisano. p 137-147 in Fish Nutrition in Practice ( S. J. Kaushik and P Luquet, Eds.) INRA; Paris, France. 1992</ref>. He was also involved in cancer research, looking at enzyme activity, proteins, lipids, and at the effect of nutrients upon gene functions<ref>Effects of dietary Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain gene expression. Kitajka, Klara; Sin-clair, Andrew J; Weisinger, Richard S; Weisinger, Harrison S; Mathai, Michael; Jayasooriya, Anura P; Halver, JE; Puskas, Laszlo G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:10931-10936 (2004)</ref>.


==Career==
==Career==
He received his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Washington State University and an M.Sc. in organic chemistry from Washington State College.<ref>Enzymatic Resolution of Amino Acid Phenyl Hydrazides. John E. Halver. M.Sc. organic chemistry, Washington State University in l948</ref>. His Ph.D. is in medical biochemistry from the University of Washington Medical School. <ref>A vitamin test diet for chinook salmon: the water soluble vitamin requirement of chinook salmon. J. E. Halver. Ph. D thesis. Medical Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1953. 93</ref>.
He received his bachelor's degree in chemistry and a master's in organic chemistry from [[Washington State University]].<ref>Enzymatic Resolution of Amino Acid Phenyl Hydrazides. John E. Halver. M.Sc. organic chemistry, Washington State University in 1948</ref> His Ph.D. is in [[medical biochemistry]], and was awarded by the [[University of Washington Medical School]].<ref>A vitamin test diet for chinook salmon: the water soluble vitamin requirement of chinook salmon. J. E. Halver. Ph. D thesis. Medical Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1953. 93</ref>
He served as a US Army Ranger, European Theatre during WWII; Platoon Leader to Captain, 100th Division, 399 Infantry, Fox Company. Citations received: Croix d’Valeur (France), Purple Heart, Presidential Unit Citation, American Theatre Service Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Service Medal with 2 Bronze Stars, World War II Victory Medal, Combat Infantry Badge, Army of Occupation (Germany), and the Citoyen d’Honneur (France). He served in three campaigns: Southern France, The Rhineland, and Southern Germany <ref>US Army service records, Halver, John Emil 4904</ref>
He opened the Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory at Cook, WA in the Columbia River gorge in 1950<ref>www.whitesalmonenterprise.com/archives/story.aspx/5859/local-man-named-as-leading-scientist</ref>. His experiments in fish feed requirements eventually resulted in the test diet, H440 (which stands for Halver, 440th try) and became the basis for all manufactured fish feeds today<ref>A vitamin test diet for long-term feeding studies. J. E. Halver and J. A. Coates. Progressive Fish-Culturist. 19: 112-118. 1957</ref><ref>Nutrition of Salmonoid Fishes, IV. An amino acid test diet for Chinook Salmon. J. E. Halver. Journal of Nutrition. 62: 245-254. 1957</ref>.
He opened the Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory at Cook, WA in the Columbia River gorge in 1950.<ref>http://www.whitesalmonenterprise.com/news/2005/aug/16/local-man-named-as-leading-scientist/</ref> His experiments in fish feed requirements eventually resulted in the test diet, H440 (which stands for Halver, 440th try) and became the basis for all manufactured fish feeds today.<ref>A vitamin test diet for long-term feeding studies. J. E. Halver and J. A. Coates. Progressive Fish-Culturist. 19: 112-118. 1957</ref><ref>Nutrition of Salmonoid Fishes, IV. An amino acid test diet for Chinook Salmon. J. E. Halver. Journal of Nutrition. 62: 245-254. 1957</ref>
In addition to research, Halver taught at the University of Washington. Some of his students have become directors of federal fisheries programs, feed manufacturing plants, and university aquaculture programs.
His international work for Food & Agricultural Organization, United Nations Development Program, World Bank, US Aid to Developing Countries, and the International Executive Service Corps spanned 30 years of efforts to assist populations in developing countries to improve their food supply <ref>http://www.halvercorporation.com/id4.html</ref>.
In addition to research, Halver taught at the University of Washington. Some of his students have become directors of federal fisheries programs, feed manufacturing plants, and university aquaculture programs. He was named Senior Scientist in Nutrition in 1975 and was US Science Ambassador 1975-1992.<ref>US Fish and Wildlife Service, Dept of the Interior, US Government</ref> Named as one of the "Leading Scientists of the World" in 2005,<ref>http://www.whitesalmonenterprise.com/news/2005/aug/16/local-man-named-as-leading-scientist/</ref> his work for the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank, the United States Agency for International Development, and the International Executive Service Corps spanned 30 years of efforts to assist populations in developing countries to improve their food supply.<ref>http://www.halvercorporation.com/id4.html</ref>
Dr. Halver was an active Christian, and often stated that “the truth can always stand up to investigation”. He gave lectures on the harmony between science and theology, stating “there is no conflict between science and religion. Science is the search for truth, and God is the author of truth”<ref>Harmony between Science and Theology; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, July 2011</ref> At the time of his death Dr. Halver was survived by Jane Loren Halver (his wife of 68 years), by their 5 children: John Emil IV, Nancylee, Janet, Peter, and Deborah, 12 grandchildren, and 4 great-grandchildren.<ref>Funerals.coop/dr-john-emil-halver-iii</ref>






==References==
==References==
<references />
{{reflist}}
<!--- After listing your sources please cite them using inline citations and place them after the information they cite. Please see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --->
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{{Persondata
*
| NAME = Halver, John
*
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American biologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = April 21, 1922
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 2012
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Halver, John}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:American marine biologists]]
[[Category:American biologists]]
[[Category:Fisheries science]]

Revision as of 09:11, 9 March 2015

Dr. John E. Halver (age 65)

John Emil Halver (April 21, 1922–Oct 24, 2012) [1] was an American biochemist known for his research into the nutritional biochemistry, physiology, cellular biochemistry of fish.[2] His work on the nutritional needs of fish led to modern methods of fish farming and fish feed production around the world.[3] He held a position with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as director of the Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory in Cook, Washington, where Halver and his staff carried out reseaerch on the nutrient requirements for Pacific salmon.”[4]

Research

Prior to Dr. Halver’s research, fish could not be raised in captivity from egg to breeding adult. His work led to commercial fish feed manufacturing[5] and net pen fish farming by industrial countries, and also to fish rearing by individuals with very limited facilities.[6][7][8] This increased protein availability to people in developing countries. In addition to fish nutrition Halver was also involved in human nutritional biochemistry research. In the US Army Medical Labs he worked on the nutritional requirements of military personnel, and the development of field rations for troops and astronauts.[9][10] He also discovered the cause of trout hepatomas (liver cancer) in the early 1960s, and how to avoid them.[11] He was voted into the National Academy of Sciences in 1978 on the basis of that work.[12]

Halver was a prominent research scientist on Vitamin C in its many forms.[13] His research showed that Vitamin C1 (Ascorbic Acid) the active form of C, is required by the body to create new cells and repair cells. His work also showed that C2 though C6 are other forms of C, some of which are stable.[14] The effectiveness of C1 breaks down when exposed to heat and light. Animal feeds that use the stable forms of C in their diet formulation can have a shelf life of many months and still be effective.[15] He was also involved in cancer research, looking at enzyme activity, proteins, lipids, and at the effect of nutrients upon gene functions.[16]

Career

He received his bachelor's degree in chemistry and a master's in organic chemistry from Washington State University.[17] His Ph.D. is in medical biochemistry, and was awarded by the University of Washington Medical School.[18] He served as a US Army Ranger, European Theatre during WWII; Platoon Leader to Captain, 100th Division, 399 Infantry, Fox Company. Citations received: Croix d’Valeur (France), Purple Heart, Presidential Unit Citation, American Theatre Service Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Service Medal with 2 Bronze Stars, World War II Victory Medal, Combat Infantry Badge, Army of Occupation (Germany), and the Citoyen d’Honneur (France). He served in three campaigns: Southern France, The Rhineland, and Southern Germany [19] He opened the Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory at Cook, WA in the Columbia River gorge in 1950.[20] His experiments in fish feed requirements eventually resulted in the test diet, H440 (which stands for Halver, 440th try) and became the basis for all manufactured fish feeds today.[21][22] In addition to research, Halver taught at the University of Washington. Some of his students have become directors of federal fisheries programs, feed manufacturing plants, and university aquaculture programs. He was named Senior Scientist in Nutrition in 1975 and was US Science Ambassador 1975-1992.[23] Named as one of the "Leading Scientists of the World" in 2005,[24] his work for the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank, the United States Agency for International Development, and the International Executive Service Corps spanned 30 years of efforts to assist populations in developing countries to improve their food supply.[25] Dr. Halver was an active Christian, and often stated that “the truth can always stand up to investigation”. He gave lectures on the harmony between science and theology, stating “there is no conflict between science and religion. Science is the search for truth, and God is the author of truth”[26] At the time of his death Dr. Halver was survived by Jane Loren Halver (his wife of 68 years), by their 5 children: John Emil IV, Nancylee, Janet, Peter, and Deborah, 12 grandchildren, and 4 great-grandchildren.[27]

References

  1. ^ Funerals.coop/dr-john-emil-halver-iii
  2. ^ American Fisheries Society, National Fish Culture Hall of Fame, Spearfish, S.D. 2000
  3. ^ http://depts.washington.edu/safs/newsletter/sprsum_2013/memoriam.html#halver
  4. ^ http://www.fws.gov/eddies/episodeSpring2013/pioneers/index.html
  5. ^ Fish Feed Technology. J. E. Halver, Ed. 395 Pgs. ADCP/REP/80/11. FAO; Rome, Italy. 1980
  6. ^ Special Methods in Pond Fish Husbandry. L. Horvath, G. Tamas, and I. Tolg. (J. E. Halver, Ed.) Akademiai Kaido; Budapest, Hungary. 150 pgs. 1985
  7. ^ Investigation on nutrition of some cultivable finfish species and development of cost-effective formulae feeds. A.K. Jafree and J.E. Halver. ICAR-USDA IN-AES-251. pgs 93. 1991
  8. ^ Nutrient requirements and metabolism of marine species. in Halver, J.E. (C. S. Lee, editor). Aquaculture: Retrospective and Outlook. - An Aquaculture Summit. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines and World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. P.117-132
  9. ^ US Army Medical Corps, Halver, John Emil
  10. ^ Metabolism of Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbic-2-sulfate in Man and the subhuman primate. E. M. Baker, J. E. Halver, D.O.Johnsen, B.E.Joyce, M.K.Knight, and B. M. Tolbert. Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 258: 72-80 1975
  11. ^ Aflatoxicosis and Trout Hepatoma. John E Halver pp265-306 in Aflatoxin, L.A. Goldblatt, ed. Academic Press, NY
  12. ^ http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001392.html
  13. ^ Separation of three commercial forms of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, Ascorbic-2-sulfate, and Ascorbic-2-polyphosphate) by HPLC. S. Felton and J. E. Halver. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine. 190: 217-218. (1989)
  14. ^ L-Ascorbyl-2-Sulfate alleviates Atlantic Salmon scurvy. J. E. Halver and R. W. Hardy. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine 206: 421-424. 1994
  15. ^ Efficacy of L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate as a Vitamin C source for Rainbow Trout. Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding held June 1991 in Biarritz, France. J. E. Halver, S. Felton, A. Palmisano. p 137-147 in Fish Nutrition in Practice ( S. J. Kaushik and P Luquet, Eds.) INRA; Paris, France. 1992
  16. ^ Effects of dietary Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain gene expression. Kitajka, Klara; Sinclair, Andrew J; Weisinger, Richard S; Weisinger, Harrison S; Mathai, Michael; Jayasooriya, Anura P; Halver, JE; Puskas, Laszlo G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:10931-10936 (2004)
  17. ^ Enzymatic Resolution of Amino Acid Phenyl Hydrazides. John E. Halver. M.Sc. organic chemistry, Washington State University in 1948
  18. ^ A vitamin test diet for chinook salmon: the water soluble vitamin requirement of chinook salmon. J. E. Halver. Ph. D thesis. Medical Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1953. 93
  19. ^ US Army service records, Halver, John Emil 4904
  20. ^ http://www.whitesalmonenterprise.com/news/2005/aug/16/local-man-named-as-leading-scientist/
  21. ^ A vitamin test diet for long-term feeding studies. J. E. Halver and J. A. Coates. Progressive Fish-Culturist. 19: 112-118. 1957
  22. ^ Nutrition of Salmonoid Fishes, IV. An amino acid test diet for Chinook Salmon. J. E. Halver. Journal of Nutrition. 62: 245-254. 1957
  23. ^ US Fish and Wildlife Service, Dept of the Interior, US Government
  24. ^ http://www.whitesalmonenterprise.com/news/2005/aug/16/local-man-named-as-leading-scientist/
  25. ^ http://www.halvercorporation.com/id4.html
  26. ^ Harmony between Science and Theology; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, July 2011
  27. ^ Funerals.coop/dr-john-emil-halver-iii

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