Cannabis Indica

thcscience_admin

Gold mining in Canada refers to the extraction and harvesting of gold via mining, specifically in Canada.

Aboriginal people were the first to discover gold in Canada, however there is no concrete proof as there is no documentation that states when they did. The first people to use gold in Canada were also the Aboriginal peoples and they used gold along with copper, silver, and other minerals for tools, weapons, art, and eventually trading.[1]

The first major gold mine in Canada was opened in 1867 by Marcus Hubert Powell and it was named the Richardson Mine, located in Ontario. It was closed in 1869 after two years and only 100 ounces of gold could be extracted.

It is important to note that Canada was officially founded July 1st 1867, so instances of gold in "Canada" would actually be considered gold found in First nations territories or British colonies.

History

The first instance of gold being documented was in 1823, when gold was discovered in Rivière Chaudière in eastern Québec. The gold found in this time period was located in river streams and was collected via hand, nets, or panning.[2]

An example of how gold panning worked in river environments.

The first major discovery of gold was found in the sands of Fraser River, British Columbia, in 1858. This discovery of gold sparked a conflict between Aboriginal peoples and those who came from western United States, as well as mercenaries from foreign countries such as France or Germany and it was named the Fraser Canyon War.[1]

Only a few years after the discovery of gold in the Fraser River area, the Cariboo Gold Rush went underway from 1861-1867. This was one of the first documented gold rushes in Canada and because it was in an isolated area, it attracted mainly Canadian and British miners. Many towns were developed in nearby areas for miners to continue extracting resources. One of the towns, Barkerville, had deposits that lasted until the 1930s, and the total gold produced in the Cariboo district (Richfield, Camerontown, Barkerville) was estimated to be worth $50,000,000.[3][1]

The Klondike Gold Rush which was mainly operational from 1897-1899 was one of the most efficient gold collection periods in Canada's history. This gold rush was a factor in the foundation of the Yukon territory that we recognize today. In 1896, an American prospector named George Carmack made the discovery of gold alongside Skookum Jim Mason and Dawson Charlie, Tagish First Nation members, on Rabbit Creek, which was located within the Klondike River. This gold rush sparked one of the largest stampedes of gold miners and over 10,000 people from all over the world travelled to the area in search for gold. While the gold rush only lasted two years, an estimated $29,000,000 in gold was mined.[4]

In the early 1900s, smaller operations of gold mining began where several gold-mining camps were set up in Northern Ontario and Northern Québec. These gold-mining camps while not as intensive as gold rushes, still produced a fair amount of gold that would provide a stable economy when the World Wars occurred, and one camp that was located in Malartic, Québec, would later go on to become the largest and most successful Canadian gold mine.[2]

The final major point in the Canadian gold mining timeline began in 1981 and this marks the discovery of the Hemlo gold deposits in Northern and Northwestern Ontario. During this period, gold was also discovered across all Canadian provinces and territories and gold production from the 1990 to 1997 period averaged more than 150 tonnes a year. The value of gold skyrocketed as the production dwindled in the 2010s and the discovery of gold has been immense to the Canadian economy, producing more than $20 Billion per year in the modern day and contributing to 7.2% of the world's total gold production.[5][2]

Locations

Chesterville Gold Mine in Ontario, Canada (1939 - 1952)

Gold mines and gold mining in Canada have been documented in Ontario, Québec, Nova Scotia, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, many of the mines and locations where gold was found being either inactive or exhausted of resources.[6]

As of 2023, there are 127 active gold mines in Canada, the majority of them being located in Ontario and Québec. These two provinces produce and refine the majority of gold in Canada, and the most prolific gold mine in the country, the Canadian Malartic Mine, is located in western Québec.[7][6]

Production and Trades

  • As of 2021, Canadians have produced more than 223 tonnes of gold, 70% of that amount coming from Ontario and Québec mines.
  • Canada is the 4th largest producer of gold in the world, only behind China, Australia, and Russia.
  • 2.2% of the world's total gold reserves belong to Canada.
  • Canada mainly trades gold with the United Kingdom. In 2021, 47% of exported Canadian gold went to the United Kingdom.

References

  1. Canada Action. (2021, June 22). Gold in Canada: Everything you need to know. https://www.canadaaction.ca/gold-mining-canada-facts#:~:text=Gold%20was%20first%20discovered%20in,California%20during%20the%20same%20decade.
  2. Canada, N. R. (2023, February 17). Gold facts. Natural Resources Canada. Gold facts
  3. Couturier, G. (2011a, October 16). Gold. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Gold
  4. Daver, L., Jébrak, M., Beaudoin, G., & Trumbull, R. B. (2020). Three-stage formation of greenstone-hosted orogenic gold deposits in the val-d’or mining district, Abitibi, Canada: Evidence from pyrite and tourmaline. Ore Geology Reviews, 120. Three-stage formation of greenstone-hosted orogenic gold deposits in the Val-d’Or mining district, Abitibi, Canada: Evidence from pyrite and tourmaline
  5. Elboki, T. (2023, September 19). Current state of gold mining in Nova Scotia. Canadian Mining Journal. Current state of gold mining in Nova Scotia
  6. Gates, M. (2009, July 19). Klondike Gold Rush. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Klondike Gold Rush
  7. GlobalData. (2023, July 21). The five largest gold mines in operation in Canada. Mining Technology. The five largest gold mines in operation in Canada
  8. Johnston, M. (2023, April 23). 10 biggest Canadian mining companies. Investopedia. 10 Biggest Canadian Mining Companies
  9. Mining Technology (Ed.). (2023, June 28). Gold production in Canada and major projects. Mining Technology. Gold production in Canada and major projects
  10. Newell, D. (2006, February 6). Cariboo Gold Rush. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Cariboo Gold Rush
  11. Rodríguez, S. P. (2020). Modeling and forecasting complex patterns of mineral production. gold mining in Canada. Cogent Engineering, 7(1). Modeling and forecasting complex patterns of mineral production. Gold mining in Canada

Citations

  1. ^ a b c "Gold". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
  2. ^ a b c Action, Canada (2021-06-22). "Gold in Canada: Everything You Need to Know". Canada Action. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
  3. ^ "Cariboo Gold Rush". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  4. ^ "Klondike Gold Rush". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  5. ^ Canada, Natural Resources (2018-01-22). "Gold facts". natural-resources.canada.ca. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  6. ^ a b kgi-admin (2023-03-24). "Gold production in Canada and major projects". Mining Technology. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  7. ^ "10 Biggest Canadian Mining Companies". Investopedia. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gold_mining_in_Canada&oldid=1213731834

Leave a Reply