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  EC members in 1986
  New EC members admitted in 1986

The 1986 enlargement of the European Communities was the third enlargement of what is now the European Union, then the European Communities (EC). Spain and Portugal acceded to the EC on 1 January 1986.[1] It is considered a part of the Mediterranean enlargement.[2]

History

Prior association statuses

Spain

Spain first applied for association with the European Economic Community on 10 February 1962[3]; it would not have been able to apply for full membership as a consequence of being under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe passed a resolution by 70 votes to 31 in its 14th ordinary session in May 1962 calling for members of the EEC to "examine the possibility of some form of economic agreement between Spain and the Community, bearing in mind the constitutional changes that will be necessary before any form of political association can be contemplated".[4] However, the application was of some controversy; members of the European Parliament questioned whether the application was acceptable, given the dictatorship Spain was under.[5][6]

With the question of association still unresolved by 1964, the head of the Spanish mission to the EEC sent another letter on 14 February renewing the request for association status.[7] Talks were subsequently scheduled to begin in the autumn of that year.[8] These discussions were still ongoing into the 1970s after the formation of a EEC-Spain joint committee.[9]

Portugal

International reaction

Greek veto

Greece threatened to veto the enlargement on the basis that its economy would not be able to cope without receiving the unapproved agricultural subsidies for its poorest regions.[10][11] On 29 May 1985, the Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Giulio Andreotti, in negotiations with its Spanish counterpart, Fernando Morán López, and the Portuguese Finances Minister, Ernâni Lopes, announced Portugal and Spain would enter the "Europe of Twelve" on 1 January 1986.[12] Greece dropped its opposition to the enlargement when the EEC promised an increase of funds for the Mediterranean Integration Programs (IPM).[11][13]

Impact

Member countries Population Area (km²) GDP
(billion US$) 		GDP
per capita (US$) 		Languages
 Portugal [1] 9,907,411 92,391 85.610 8,641 Portuguese
 Spain 38,707,556 504,782 386.998 9,998 Spanish
Accession countries 48,614,967 597,173 472.608 9,721 2
Existing members (1986) 273,398,552 1,789,668 4,186.176 15,312
EU12 (1986)
EU12 (1993) 		322,013,519
(+17.78%) 		2,386,841
(+33.37%) 		4,658.784
(+11.29%) 		14,468
(−5.51%)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Mercado Europeu passa a ter 320 milhões de consumidores". Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). 1986-01-02. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  2. ^ History: The Mediterranean Enlargement 1981-1986 (Television production). Europarl TV. 22 June 2011.
  3. ^ Stefani, Umberto (10 February 1962). "Anche la Spagna hachiesto l'associazione al M.E.C." [Spain has also applied for association with the European Common Market]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). p. 6. Retrieved 10 May 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ "Relations with international organisations: Council of Europe". Bulletin of the European Economic Community. 7: 22–23. July 1962. Retrieved 10 May 2020 – via Archive of European Integration.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ "Institutions and organs: The Parliament". Bulletin of the European Economic Community. 8: 62–63. August 1962. Retrieved 10 May 2020 – via Archive of European Integration. M. Dehousse asked M. Battista 'whether Spain's application to join the Communities was not wholly unacceptable under the Franco regime in view of the harsh treatment recently meted out to its nationals who attended the Congress of the European Movement in Munich." He said that it seemed to him "contradictory to apply for admission to a European institution and at the same time boycott a European Congress and apply sanctions to those taking part in it.'{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ "Institutions and organs: The Parliament". Bulletin of the European Economic Community. 12: 50. December 1962. Retrieved 10 May 2020 – via Archive of European Integration. M. de Kinder reviewed the various requests for accession to or association with the EEC and said that he was opposed to the association of Spain ("Spain is a dictatorship in the full sense of the word") or to a strengthening of economic links with Portugal.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ de Miranda, Carlos (14 February 1964). "Seconde demande d'association de l'Espagne à la Communauté économique européenne" [Second request for association of Spain to the European Economic Community] (in French). Letter to Paul-Henri Spaak, President of the Council of Ministers of the European Economic Community. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  8. ^ "Activities of the Community - external relations: Spain". Bulletin of the European Economic Community. 8: 20. August 1964. Retrieved 10 May 2020 – via Archive of European Integration.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "The history of the European Union - 1973". European Union. 2016-06-16. Retrieved 2020-05-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ "Gregos mantêm veto contra alargamento". Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). 1985-03-28. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  11. ^ a b Miguel Santos Carrapatoso (2015-02-20). "1985: Quando a Grécia exigiu mais dinheiro para aceitar Portugal na CEE". Observador (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  12. ^ "Portugal e Espanha garantidos na CEE". Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). 1985-03-29. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  13. ^ "Preço do Veto Grego fixado esta tarde". Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). 1985-03-30. Retrieved 2019-10-16.


source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1986_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities&oldid=955978857

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