Vital articles is a list of subjects for which Wikipedia should have corresponding high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of the sub-lists of the fifty thousand article Vital articles/Level 5 and is currently under construction.
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Quota 1,360 articles.
Total 1,332 articles.
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Philosophers
[edit]This section contains 294 articles.
Ancient (before AD 500)
[edit]This section contains 55 articles.
Anaxagoras
Anaximander
Anaximenes of Miletus
Antisthenes
Aristoxenus
Aristotle (Level 3)
Augustine of Hippo (Level 4)
Carneades
Cicero (Level 3)
Confucius (Level 3)
Democritus (Level 4)
Diogenes (Level 4)
Dong Zhongshu
Empedocles
Epictetus
Epicurus (Level 4)
Gārgī Vāchaknavī
Gongsun Long
Gorgias
Han Fei (Level 4)
Heraclitus (Level 4)
Hui Shi
Iamblichus
Kaṇāda (Level 4)
Laozi (Level 3)
Li Si (Level 4)
Lucretius (Level 4)
Maitreyi
Mencius (Level 4)
Mozi
Parmenides
Philo
Plato (Level 3)
Plotinus (Level 4)
Porphyry (philosopher)
Posidonius
Proclus
Protagoras
Ptahhotep
Pyrrho
Seneca the Younger (Level 4)
Shang Yang (Level 4)
Shen Buhai
Shen Dao
Socrates (Level 3)
Thales of Miletus (Level 4)
Theophrastus
Vātsyāyana
Xenophanes
Xunzi (philosopher) (Level 4)
Yang Zhu
Zeno of Citium
Zeno of Elea
Zhuang Zhou
Zou Yan
Post-classical (AD 500 to 1500)
[edit]This section contains 29 articles.
Peter Abelard (Level 4)
Albert of Saxony (philosopher)
Alcuin
Avempace
Averroes (Level 4)
Roger Bacon
Boethius
Jean Buridan
Cheng Hao
Cheng Yi (philosopher)
Hasdai Crescas
Duns Scotus (Level 4)
Francesc Eiximenis
John Scotus Eriugena
Al-Farabi (Level 4)
Robert Grosseteste
Héloïse
Ramon Llull
Lu Jiuyuan
Marsilius of Inghen
Nicole Oresme
John Philoponus
Prabhākara
Thomas Aquinas (Level 3)
Vāchaspati Misra
William of Ockham (Level 4)
Zhang Zai
Zhou Dunyi
Zhu Xi (Level 4)
Early modern (AD 1500 to 1800)
[edit]This section contains 36 articles.
Judah Leon Abravanel
Francis Bacon (Level 4)
Pierre Bayle
Jeremy Bentham (Level 4)
George Berkeley (Level 4)
Jakob Böhme
Jean Bodin
Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens
Giordano Bruno (Level 4)
Thomas Cajetan
Marquis de Condorcet
Dai Zhen
René Descartes (Level 3)
Denis Diderot (Level 4)
Erasmus (Level 4)
Adam Ferguson
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (Level 4)
Marsilio Ficino
Claude Adrien Helvétius
Johann Gottfried Herder
David Hume (Level 4)
Immanuel Kant (Level 3)
Jean de La Bruyère
Julien Offray de La Mettrie
Nicolas Malebranche
Nicholas of Cusa
Thomas Reid
Johann Reuchlin
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Level 4)
Baruch Spinoza (Level 4)
Dugald Stewart
Giambattista Vico
Francisco de Vitoria
Wang Yangming (Level 4)
Adam Weishaupt
Zera Yacob (philosopher)
Modern (after AD 1800)
[edit]This section contains 174 articles.
Africa
[edit]This section contains 3 articles.
Americas
[edit]This section contains 44 articles.
William Alston
Mario Bunge
Judith Butler
Patricia Churchland
Mary Daly
Donald Davidson (philosopher)
Daniel Dennett
John Dewey (Level 4)
Hubert Dreyfus
Ronald Dworkin
Ralph Waldo Emerson (Level 4)
Frantz Fanon (Level 4)
John Fiske (philosopher)
Vilém Flusser
Jerry Fodor
Rebecca Goldstein
Donna Haraway
Sam Harris
Douglas Hofstadter
William James (Level 4)
Saul Kripke
Thomas Kuhn
David Lewis (philosopher)
Bernard Lonergan
Marshall McLuhan (Level 4)
Thomas Nagel
Robert Nozick
Martha Nussbaum
Leonard Peikoff
Charles Sanders Peirce (Level 4)
Robert M. Pirsig
Alvin Plantinga
Hilary Putnam
Willard Van Orman Quine
John Rawls (Level 4)
José Enrique Rodó
Richard Rorty
Josiah Royce
John Searle
Charles Taylor (philosopher)
Judith Jarvis Thomson
Henry David Thoreau (Level 4)
José Vasconcelos
Cornel West
Asia
[edit]This section contains 11 articles.
Surendranath Dasgupta
Feng Youlan
Ikki Kita
Jiddu Krishnamurti
Kitaro Nishida
Mou Zongsan
Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar
Tang Chun-i
Xiong Shili
Hajime Tanabe
Yan Fu
Europe
[edit]This section contains 114 articles.
Giorgio Agamben
Louis Althusser
G. E. M. Anscombe
Hannah Arendt (Level 4)
Raymond Aron
J. L. Austin
A. J. Ayer
Gaston Bachelard
Alain Badiou
Georges Bataille
Simone de Beauvoir (Level 4)
Henri Bergson (Level 4)
Isaiah Berlin (Level 4)
Simon Blackburn
Maurice Blanchot
Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)
Nick Bostrom
F. H. Bradley
Franz Brentano
Martin Buber
Ludwig Büchner
Georges Canguilhem
Thomas Carlyle
Rudolf Carnap
Ernst Cassirer
Pyotr Chaadayev
Houston Stewart Chamberlain
Nikolay Chernyshevsky
Emil Cioran
R. G. Collingwood
Auguste Comte (Level 4)
Benjamin Constant
Victor Cousin
Benedetto Croce
Gilles Deleuze
Jacques Derrida (Level 4)
Pierre Duhem
Rudolf Christoph Eucken
Julius Evola
Luc Ferry
Ludwig Feuerbach
Paul Feyerabend
Mark Fisher
Antony Flew
Pavel Florensky
Michel Foucault (Level 4)
Nikolai Fyodorov (philosopher)
Hans-Georg Gadamer
A. C. Grayling
T. H. Green
Félix Guattari
Jürgen Habermas (Level 4)
R. M. Hare
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Level 4)
Martin Heidegger (Level 4)
Johann Friedrich Herbart
John Hick
Jaakko Hintikka
Friedrich Hölderlin
Edmund Husserl (Level 4)
Karl Jaspers
Aleksey Khomyakov
Søren Kierkegaard (Level 4)
Julia Kristeva
Imre Lakatos
Nick Land
Emmanuel Levinas
Bernard-Henri Lévy
Hermann Lotze
Karl Löwith
Jean-François Lyotard
György Lukács
Alasdair MacIntyre
Gabriel Marcel
Jacques Maritain
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Mary Midgley
John Stuart Mill (Level 4)
G. E. Moore
Jean-Luc Nancy
Otto Neurath
Friedrich Nietzsche (Level 3)
Michel Onfray
José Ortega y Gasset
Derek Parfit
Michael Polanyi
Karl Popper (Level 4)
Paul Ricœur
Alfred Rosenberg
Bertrand Russell (Level 4)
Gilbert Ryle
George Santayana
Jean-Paul Sartre (Level 4)
Max Scheler
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
Friedrich Schleiermacher
Moritz Schlick
Arthur Schopenhauer (Level 4)
Albert Schweitzer
Roger Scruton
Lev Shestov
Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)
Oswald Spengler
Rudolf Steiner
Bernard Stiegler
Max Stirner
Miguel de Unamuno
Alan Watts
Simone Weil
William Whewell
Alfred North Whitehead (Level 4)
Bernard Williams
Ludwig Wittgenstein (Level 4)
Slavoj Žižek
Oceania
[edit]This section contains 2 articles.
Historians
[edit]This section contains 183 articles.
Ancient (before AD 500)
[edit]This section contains 26 articles.
Arrian
Ban Gu
Ban Zhao
Cassius Dio
Lucius Cincius Alimentus
Quintus Curtius Rufus
Eusebius (Level 4)
Quintus Fabius Pictor
Herodian
Herodotus (Level 3)
Josephus (Level 4)
Livy
Manetho
Megasthenes
Pamphile of Epidaurus
Plutarch (Level 4)
Polybius
Sallust
Sima Qian (Level 4)
Socrates of Constantinople
Sozomen
Suetonius
Tacitus (Level 4)
Thucydides (Level 4)
Xenophon (Level 4)
Zuo Qiuming
Post-classical (AD 500 to 1500)
[edit]This section contains 12 articles.
Early modern (AD 1500 to 1800)
[edit]This section contains 15 articles.
Modern (after AD 1800)
[edit]This section contains 130 articles.
Brooks Adams
Henry Adams
Stephen E. Ambrose
Charles McLean Andrews
Philippe Ariès
François Victor Alphonse Aulard
George Bancroft
Vasily Bartold
Jacques Barzun
Charles Bean
Charles A. Beard (Level 4)
Antony Beevor
Samuel Flagg Bemis
Ernst Bernheim
Geoffrey Blainey
Marc Bloch
Daniel J. Boorstin
Randolph L. Braham
Fernand Braudel (Level 4)
David Bret
James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce
Robert Caro
E. H. Carr
Bruce Catton
Dipesh Chakrabarty
Edward Channing
Ron Chernow
Manning Clark
Henry Steele Commager
Robert Conquest
John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton
Bernard DeVoto
Cheikh Anta Diop
Johann Gustav Droysen
Georges Duby
Ariel Durant
Will Durant
Elizabeth Eisenstein
Mircea Eliade
Elizabeth F. Ellet
Richard J. Evans
Lucien Febvre
Niall Ferguson
Robert Fogel
Eric Foner
John Hope Franklin
Douglas Southall Freeman
Egon Friedell
James Anthony Froude
Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges
Samuel Rawson Gardiner
Eugene Genovese
Pieter Geyl
Yuval Noah Harari
Karl von Hegel
Christopher Hill (historian)
Eric Hobsbawm (Level 4)
Richard Hofstadter
Michael Howard (historian)
Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Huang Xianfan
Johan Huizinga
Walter Isaacson
C. L. R. James
Ibram X. Kendi
Ian Kershaw
Karl Lamprecht
Philippa Langley
Marcia Langton
Jacques Le Goff
Georges Lefebvre
Bernard Lewis
Elizabeth Longford
Thomas Babington Macaulay
Stuart Macintyre
Frederic William Maitland
Manning Marable
David McCullough
J. R. McNeill
William H. McNeill
Joe Medicine Crow
Jules Michelet
Samuel Eliot Morison
Benny Morris
Jan Morris
John Lothrop Motley
Lewis Namier
Allan Nevins
František Palacký
Ilan Pappé
Francis Parkman
Vernon Louis Parrington
Robert Paxton
Henri Pirenne
William H. Prescott
Benjamin Arthur Quarles
Leopold von Ranke (Level 4)
Ernest Renan
James Harvey Robinson
Simon Schama
Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
Avi Shlaim
Quentin Skinner
Timothy Snyder
Albert Soboul
Sergey Solovyov (historian)
Jared Sparks
David Starkey
Lawrence Stone
Lytton Strachey
Susan Stryker
R. H. Tawney
A. J. P. Taylor (Level 4)
Studs Terkel
E. P. Thompson
Arnold J. Toynbee
Trần Trọng Kim
Heinrich von Treitschke
G. M. Trevelyan
Hugh Trevor-Roper
Barbara W. Tuchman
Frederick Jackson Turner (Level 4)
Shoqan Walikhanov
Richard Wolin
Carter G. Woodson
C. Vann Woodward
Wu Han (historian)
Yu Ying-shih
Howard Zinn
Social scientists
[edit]This section contains 747 articles.
Economists and business theorists
[edit]This section contains 137 articles.
George Akerlof
Maurice Allais
Kenneth Arrow
Emily Greene Balch
Abhijit Banerjee
Frédéric Bastiat
Gary Becker
Ben Bernanke
William Beveridge
Fischer Black
Olivier Blanchard
John Bowring
Lujo Brentano
James M. Buchanan
Arthur F. Burns
Richard Cantillon
Ha-Joon Chang
Ronald Coase
Angus Deaton
Gérard Debreu
Peter Diamond
Esther Duflo
Robert F. Engle
Eugene Fama
Irving Fisher
Milton Friedman (Level 4)
Ragnar Frisch
John Kenneth Galbraith (Level 4)
Henry George
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
Hermann Heinrich Gossen
Clive Granger
Alan Greenspan
Trygve Haavelmo
Alvin Hansen
Lars Peter Hansen
John Harsanyi
Oliver Hart (economist)
Friedrich Hayek (Level 4)
James Heckman
Eli Heckscher
John Hicks
Albert O. Hirschman
J. A. Hobson
Bengt Holmström
Leonid Hurwicz
William Stanley Jevons
Michał Kalecki
John Maynard Keynes (Level 4)
Lawrence Klein
Tjalling Koopmans
Michael Kremer
Paul Krugman
Simon Kuznets
Finn E. Kydland
Wassily Leontief
W. Arthur Lewis
Friedrich List (Level 4)
Robert Lucas Jr.
Thomas Robert Malthus (Level 4)
Harry Markowitz
Alfred Marshall
Karl Marx (Level 3)
Eric Maskin
Daniel McFadden
James Meade
Carl Menger
Robert C. Merton
Merton Miller
James Mirrlees
Ludwig von Mises
Wesley Clair Mitchell
Franco Modigliani
Dale T. Mortensen
Dambisa Moyo, Baroness Moyo
Robert Mundell
Roger Myerson
Gunnar Myrdal
William Nordhaus
Douglass North
Bertil Ohlin
Elinor Ostrom
Luca Pacioli
Vilfredo Pareto (Level 4)
William Petty
Edmund Phelps
Arthur Cecil Pigou
Thomas Piketty
Christopher A. Pissarides
Michael Porter
Edward C. Prescott
François Quesnay
Raghuram Rajan
David Ricardo (Level 4)
Joan Robinson
Paul Romer
Alvin E. Roth
Nouriel Roubini
Jeffrey Sachs
Paul Samuelson (Level 4)
Thomas J. Sargent
Jean-Baptiste Say
Hjalmar Schacht
Thomas Schelling
Myron Scholes
E. F. Schumacher
Joseph Schumpeter
Theodore Schultz
Reinhard Selten
Amartya Sen
William F. Sharpe
Robert J. Shiller
Herbert A. Simon
Christopher A. Sims
Adam Smith (Level 3)
Vernon L. Smith
Robert Solow
Werner Sombart
Michael Spence
Piero Sraffa
George Stigler
Joseph Stiglitz
Richard Stone
Lawrence Summers
F. W. Taussig
Richard Thaler
Jan Tinbergen
Jean Tirole
James Tobin
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot
Yanis Varoufakis
Thorstein Veblen
William Vickrey
Léon Walras
Oliver E. Williamson
Janet Yellen
Muhammad Yunus
Political scientists, theorists, and writers
[edit]This section contains 54 articles.
Michel Aflaq
Benedict Anderson
Mikhail Bakunin (Level 4)
Murray Bookchin
Harry Browne
Zbigniew Brzezinski
Ralph Bunche
Edmund Burke (Level 4)
Chanakya (Level 4)
Anders Chydenius
Anacharsis Cloots
Joseph Déjacque
Aleksandr Dugin
Norman Finkelstein
George Friedman
Francis Fukuyama
Ernest Gellner
Giovanni Gentile
William Godwin
Antonio Gramsci (Level 4)
Germaine Greer
Thomas Hobbes (Level 4)
Samuel P. Huntington
Fredric Jameson
Kang Youwei
Hugo Kołłątaj
Peter Kropotkin (Level 4)
Christian Lous Lange
John Locke (Level 3)
Niccolò Machiavelli (Level 3)
Charles Maurras
Achille Mbembe
Kate Millett
Montesquieu (Level 4)
Hans Morgenthau
Charles Murray (political scientist)
Thomas Paine (Level 4)
Frances Fox Piven
Robert D. Putnam
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (Level 4)
Murray Rothbard
Karl Rove
James C. Scott
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Nate Silver
Thomas Sowell
Herbert Spencer (Level 4)
Lysander Spooner
Leo Strauss
Alexis de Tocqueville (Level 4)
Mario Tronti
Monique Wittig
Mary Wollstonecraft (Level 3)
Francis Parker Yockey
Linguists
[edit]This section contains 91 articles.
Gabdulkhay Akhatov
Mikhail Bakhtin
Charles Bally
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
Derek Bickerton
Leonard Bloomfield
Andrzej Bogusławski
Franz Bopp
Cyrus Byington
Lyle Campbell
Noam Chomsky (Level 4)
Eve V. Clark
Henry Thomas Colebrooke
Matija Čop
David Crystal
Sándor Kőrösi Csoma
Vladimir Dal
Robert M. W. Dixon
Georges Dumézil
Penelope Eckert
Herbert Giles
Jean Berko Gleason
Joseph Greenberg
Paul Grice
Mary Haas
Kenneth L. Hale
Morris Halle
Michael Halliday
Zellig Harris
Irene Heim
James Curtis Hepburn
Louis Hjelmslev
Wilhelm von Humboldt
Dell Hymes
Luce Irigaray
Ray Jackendoff
Roman Jakobson
Otto Jespersen
William Jones (philologist)
Vuk Karadžić
Athanasius Kircher
Samuel Kleinschmidt
Jernej Kopitar
Emil Krebs
William Labov
Peter Ladefoged
George Lakoff
Juri Lotman
Mesrop Mashtots
Bedřich Hrozný
George M. McCune
John McWhorter
Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti
Marianne Mithun
Max Müller
Antonio de Nebrija
Johanna Nichols
Marc Okrand
Pāṇini (Level 4)
Barbara H. Partee
David J. Peterson
Paul Pimsleur
Steven Pinker
Rasmus Rask
Edwin O. Reischauer
John R. Ross
Edward Sapir
Ferdinand de Saussure (Level 4)
August Schleicher
Johann Martin Schleyer
Sequoyah (Level 4)
Michael Silverstein
Walter William Skeat
William A. Smalley
Sergei Starostin
Morris Swadesh
Michel Thomas
Nikolai Trubetzkoy
Keng Vannsak
Michael Ventris
Alexander Vovin
Thomas Francis Wade
Noah Webster (Level 4)
Benjamin Lee Whorf
Anna Wierzbicka
Xu Shen
Shong Lue Yang
L. L. Zamenhof
Zhou Youguang
Pio Zirimu
Ghil'ad Zuckermann
Sociologists
[edit]This section contains 73 articles.
Theodor W. Adorno (Level 4)
Jean Baudrillard
Zygmunt Bauman
Ulrich Beck
Daniel Bell
Peter Blau
Pierre Bourdieu (Level 4)
Manuel Castells
Nicholas Christakis
Stanley Cohen (sociologist)
James Samuel Coleman
Charles Horton Cooley
Vahakn Dadrian
Ralf Dahrendorf
Guy Debord
Wilhelm Dilthey
W. E. B. Du Bois (Level 4)
Émile Durkheim (Level 4)
Norbert Elias
Friedrich Engels (Level 4)
Fei Xiaotong
George Fitzhugh
E. Franklin Frazier
Harold Garfinkel
Anthony Giddens
Erving Goffman
Ziya Gökalp
Paul Goodman
Jack Halberstam
Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)
George C. Homans
Max Horkheimer
Irawati Karve
Akhtar Hameed Khan
Alexandre Lacassagne
Paul Lazarsfeld
Bruno Latour
Yuri Levada
Seymour Martin Lipset
Cesare Lombroso
Niklas Luhmann
Karl Mannheim
James G. March
Herbert Marcuse
Harriet Martineau
Marcel Mauss (Level 4)
George Herbert Mead
Fatema Mernissi
Robert K. Merton
C. Wright Mills
Lewis Mumford
Antonio Negri
Robert E. Park
Talcott Parsons (Level 4)
Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play
Saskia Sassen
Ali Shariati
Albion Woodbury Small
Georg Simmel
Henri de Saint-Simon
Pitirim Sorokin
William Graham Sumner
Charles Tilly
Ferdinand Tönnies
Immanuel Wallerstein
Lester Frank Ward
Max Weber (Level 4)
Edvard Westermarck
Harrison White
Raymond Williams
Louis Wirth
Marvin Wolfgang
Florian Znaniecki
Anthropologists and archaeologists
[edit]This section contains 92 articles.
Lila Abu-Lughod
Arjun Appadurai
John Aubrey
Su Bai
Robert Ballard
Gregory Bateson
Giovanni Belzoni
Ruth Benedict
Lewis Binford
Hiram Bingham III
Davidson Black
Carl Blegen
Franz Boas (Level 4)
Dmitri Bondarenko
James Henry Breasted
Howard Carter
Alfonso Caso
Napoleon Chagnon
Jean-François Champollion
V. Gordon Childe
Grahame Clark
O. G. S. Crawford
Alexander Cunningham
Mary Douglas
Eugène Dubois
Ann Dunham
Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
A. P. Elkin
Arthur Evans
E. E. Evans-Pritchard
Paul Farmer
George R. Fischer
James George Frazer
Manuel Gamio
Clifford Geertz (Level 4)
Francis James Gillen
Marija Gimbutas
David Graeber
Marvin Harris
Zahi Hawass
George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon
Ian Hodder
Earnest Hooton
Arthur Keith
Kathleen Kenyon
Anatoly Khazanov
Mary Kingsley
Adam František Kollár
Andrey Korotayev
Alfred Kroeber
Adam Kuper
Louis Leakey
Mary Leakey
Richard Leakey
Richard Borshay Lee
Claude Lévi-Strauss (Level 4)
Ralph Linton
Robert Lowie
Bronisław Malinowski (Level 4)
John Marshall (archaeologist)
Margaret Mead (Level 4)
Sidney Mintz
Ashley Montagu
Lewis H. Morgan
Iolo Morganwg
Margaret Murray
Sherry Ortner
Elsie Clews Parsons
Flinders Petrie
Karl Polanyi
Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
Colin Renfrew
Audrey Richards
W. H. R. Rivers
Marshall Sahlins
Nancy Scheper-Hughes
Heinrich Schliemann (Level 4)
George Smith (Assyriologist)
Walter Baldwin Spencer
Melford Spiro
Marilyn Strathern
William Stukeley
Josef Szombathy
Edward Burnett Tylor
Sherwood Washburn
Camilla Wedgwood
Mortimer Wheeler
Leslie White
Clark Wissler
Johann Joachim Winckelmann
Eric Wolf
Namkhai Norbu
Art historians, theorists and critics
[edit]This section contains 83 articles.
- For critics chiefly known for their reviews, see Critics.
Francesco Algarotti
Roland Barthes
André Bazin
Jerry Beck
Paul Bénichou
Walter Benjamin
Bernard Berenson
Mary Berenson
John Berger
Harold Bloom
Anthony Blunt
Anita Brookner
T. Allston Brown
Kevin Brownlow
Jacob Burckhardt
Joseph Campbell
John Canemaker
Hélène Cixous
Kenneth Clark
Cyril Connolly
William Dalrymple
Arthur Danto
Paul de Man
Gaston Deschamps
Sergei Diaghilev
Terry Eagleton
Roger Fry
Northrop Frye
Mary Garrard
Henry Louis Gates Jr.
Henry Geldzahler
René Girard
Édouard Glissant
Edmond de Goncourt
Clement Greenberg
Rufus Wilmot Griswold
Friedrich Gundolf
William Hazlitt
T. E. Hulme
S. T. Joshi
Otto Kallir
Donald Keene
Karl Lachmann
Louis Leroy
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (Level 4)
Simon Leys
Roberto Longhi
D. S. Mirsky
Laura Mulvey
Linda Nochlin
Motoori Norinaga
Camille Paglia
Erwin Panofsky
Frank Popper
Vladimir Propp
Arlene Raven
Pierre Restany
Jean Ricardou
Pierre Rosenberg
William Michael Rossetti
John Ruskin
Edward Said (Level 4)
Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve
George Saintsbury
Jerry Saltz
Anita Sarkeesian
Andrew Sarris
Nicholas Serota
Viktor Shklovsky
Sacheverell Sitwell
Bernard Smith (art historian)
Whitney Smith
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
Frederic George Stephens
Stobaeus
John Addington Symonds
Hippolyte Taine
Lionel Trilling
Giorgio Vasari (Level 4)
Helen Vendler
Thomas Warton
Edmund Wilson
Zheng Zhenduo
Musicologists and music theorists
[edit]This section contains 20 articles.
- For critics chiefly known for their reviews, see Critics.
Guido Adler
Charles Burney
Friedrich Chrysander
Edmond de Coussemaker
Carl Dahlhaus
François-Joseph Fétis
Johann Nikolaus Forkel
Franco of Cologne
George Grove
Guido of Arezzo
Eduard Hanslick
Komitas
Jaap Kunst
Alan Lomax
Hugo Riemann
Heinrich Schenker
Nicolas Slonimsky
Johannes Tinctoris
Egon Wellesz
Gioseffo Zarlino
Classicists
[edit]This section contains 15 articles.
Educators
[edit]This section contains 43 articles.
Felix Adler (professor)
Stella Adler
Amos Bronson Alcott
Mary Astell
Mary McLeod Bethune
Louis Braille (Level 4)
Oscar Browning
Nicholas Murray Butler
James B. Conant
Anna J. Cooper
Ezra Cornell
Jane Elliott
Jaime Escalante
Drew Gilpin Faust
Abraham Flexner
Paulo Freire
Friedrich Fröbel
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
John Harvard (clergyman)
Valentin Haüy
Ivan Illich
Émile Jaques-Dalcroze
Syed Ahmad Khan
Helen Kim
Anton Makarenko
Horace Mann
William Holmes McGuffey
Eugenio María de Hostos
Maria Montessori (Level 4)
A. S. Neill
Alice Freeman Palmer
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
William Huntington Russell
Egerton Ryerson
Anna Maria van Schurman
Isawa Shūji
Lee Strasberg
Anne Sullivan
Konstantin Ushinsky
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Eleazar Wheelock
Kate Douglas Wiggin
Elihu Yale
Forensic sciences
[edit]This section contains 10 articles.
Human geographers and cartographers
[edit]This section contains 28 articles.
Martin Behaim
Charles Marie de La Condamine
Guillaume Delisle
Jared Diamond
George Everest
Oronce Fine
James Gall
Yaqut al-Hamawi
Heinrich Harrer
Sven Hedin
Jodocus Hondius
Muhammad al-Idrisi
Cosmas Indicopleustes
Rudolf Kjellén
Halford Mackinder
Clements Markham
Gerardus Mercator
Pomponius Mela
Abraham Ortelius
Pausanias (geographer)
Arno Peters
Friedrich Ratzel
Piri Reis
Matthias Ringmann
Carl Ritter
Strabo
Waldo R. Tobler
Martin Waldseemüller
Jurists
[edit]This section contains 64 articles.
Ancient Figures
[edit]This section contains 3 articles.
Africa
[edit]This section contains 1 article.
Americas
[edit]This section contains 1 article.
Asia
[edit]This section contains 1 article.
Modern Europe
[edit]This section contains 18 articles.
Cesare Beccaria (Level 4)
William Blackstone (Level 4)
Gustave Boissonade
Paolo Borsellino
René Cassin
Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
Edward Coke
Tom Denning, Baron Denning
Giovanni Falcone
Hans Frank
Roland Freisler
Alberico Gentili
Rudolf von Gneist
Hugo Grotius (Level 4)
Hans Kelsen
Geoffrey Lawrence, 1st Baron Oaksey
William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield (Level 4)
Carl Schmitt
Oceania
[edit]This section contains 3 articles.
United States
[edit]This section contains 37 articles.
Bella Abzug
Derrick Bell
Hugo Black
Robert Bork
Louis Brandeis
William J. Brennan Jr.
Warren E. Burger
Johnnie Cochran
Clarence Darrow
Alan Dershowitz
William O. Douglas
Ben Ferencz
David Dudley Field II
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Learned Hand
John Marshall Harlan
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
William Kunstler
Raphael Lemkin
Lawrence Lessig
Francis Lieber
Robert R. Livingston
Catharine A. MacKinnon
John Marshall (Level 4)
Thurgood Marshall
Sandra Day O'Connor
Richard Posner
Robert Joseph Pothier
William Rehnquist
John Roberts
Antonin Scalia
Ken Starr
Potter Stewart
Joseph Story
William Stoughton (judge)
Roger B. Taney
Earl Warren
Library science and curators
[edit]This section contains 10 articles.
Public relations, marketing and advertising theorists
[edit]This section contains 9 articles.
Sexologists
[edit]This section contains 10 articles.
Other social sciences
[edit]This section contains 8 articles.
Psychologists
[edit]This section contains 108 articles.
Alfred Adler
Mary Ainsworth
Gordon Allport (Level 4)
Alois Alzheimer
Elliot Aronson
Solomon Asch
David Ausubel
Albert Bandura (Level 4)
Frederic Bartlett
Simon Baron-Cohen
Aaron Beck
Bruno Bettelheim
Alfred Binet
Susan Blackmore
Eugen Bleuler
Benjamin Bloom
John Bowlby
Katharine Cook Briggs
Jerome Bruner
Mary Whiton Calkins
James McKeen Cattell
Raymond Cattell (Level 4)
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Émile Coué
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Kazimierz Dąbrowski
Park Dietz
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Paul Ekman
Albert Ellis (Level 4)
Milton H. Erickson
Erik Erikson (Level 4)
Hans Eysenck
Gustav Fechner
Leon Festinger (Level 4)
Viktor Frankl
Marie-Louise von Franz
Anna Freud (Level 4)
Sigmund Freud (Level 3)
Erich Fromm
Robert M. Gagné
Howard Gardner
Carol Gilligan
Jonathan Haidt
G. Stanley Hall
Harry Harlow
Donald O. Hebb
Karen Horney
Clark L. Hull
Joseph Jastrow
Carl Jung (Level 4)
Daniel Kahneman
Leo Kanner
Melanie Klein
Kurt Koffka
Heinz Kohut
Emil Kraepelin
Jacques Lacan
Christine Ladd-Franklin
R. D. Laing
Timothy Leary
Aleksei Leontiev
Kurt Lewin (Level 4)
Marsha M. Linehan
Elizabeth Loftus
Abraham Maslow (Level 4)
Rollo May
David McClelland
Stanley Milgram
George Armitage Miller (Level 4)
Neal E. Miller
Walter Mischel
Lloyd Morrisett
Hugo Münsterberg
Isabel Briggs Myers
Ulric Neisser
Ivan Pavlov (Level 4)
Fritz Perls
Laura Perls
Jordan Peterson
Jean Piaget (Level 4)
Robert Plomin
Otto Rank
Anatol Rapoport
Wilhelm Reich
Carl Rogers (Level 4)
Stanley Schachter
Martin Seligman
Muzafer Sherif
Théodore Simon
B. F. Skinner (Level 4)
Charles Spearman
Robert Sternberg
Grunya Sukhareva
Harry Stack Sullivan
Thomas Szasz
Lewis Terman
Edward Thorndike (Level 4)
Edward B. Titchener
Lev Vygotsky (Level 4)
Margaret Floy Washburn
John B. Watson (Level 4)
Ernst Heinrich Weber
David Wechsler
Fredric Wertham
Donald Winnicott
Wilhelm Wundt (Level 4)
Philip Zimbardo