![]() | |
Host city | Kobe, Japan |
---|---|
Nations | 106 |
Athletes | 2,783 |
Events | 119 in 11 sports |
Opening | August 24, 1985 |
Closing | September 4, 1985 |
Opened by | Crown Prince Akihito |
Main venue | Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/151017_Kobe_Universiade_Memorial_Stadium_Kobe_Japan02n.jpg/260px-151017_Kobe_Universiade_Memorial_Stadium_Kobe_Japan02n.jpg)
The 1985 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIII Summer Universiade, took place in Kobe, Japan.
Mascot
[edit]The mascot of the Kobe Universiade, "Unitan", designed by Osamu Tezuka, is a red-crested white crane, symbolic of Japan and a good omen. The name was chosen from some 8,000 suggestions received from throughout the country. The name is derived from a combination of 'uni' from 'Universiade' and 'tan' from the Japanese name for red-crested crane, namely 'tancho-tsuru'.
Gender test
[edit]The sex chromatin test was used at these games to decide on participants' gender; Spanish hurdler Maria José Martínez-Patiño was declared a man and thus ruled ineligible for the women's events.[1][2][3] In agreement with officials who suggested she fake an injury so she could withdraw without publicity, she complied. She later fought, successfully, to have that diagnosis reversed.[4]
Sports
[edit]Athletics ( )
Basketball ( )
Diving ( )
Fencing ( )
Football ( )
Gymnastics ( )
Judo ( )
Swimming ( )
Tennis ( )
Volleyball ( )
Water polo ( )
Medal table
[edit]Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 41 | 22 | 17 | 80 |
2 | ![]() | 25 | 21 | 23 | 69 |
3 | ![]() | 8 | 8 | 5 | 21 |
4 | ![]() | 6 | 7 | 6 | 19 |
5 | ![]() | 5 | 10 | 6 | 21 |
6 | ![]() | 5 | 3 | 7 | 15 |
7 | ![]() | 4 | 6 | 5 | 15 |
8 | ![]() | 4 | 5 | 5 | 14 |
9 | ![]() | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
10 | ![]() | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 |
11 | ![]() | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
12 | ![]() | 3 | 0 | 4 | 7 |
13 | ![]() | 2 | 4 | 9 | 15 |
14 | ![]() | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
15 | ![]() | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
16 | ![]() | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 |
17 | ![]() | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
18 | ![]() | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
19 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
21 | ![]() | 0 | 6 | 7 | 13 |
22 | ![]() | 0 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
23 | ![]() | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
24 | ![]() | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
![]() | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
![]() | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
![]() | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
28 | ![]() | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
![]() | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
![]() | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (30 entries) | 121 | 119 | 125 | 365 |
References
[edit]- ^ Ruth Padawer (June 28, 2016). "The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes". The New York Times.
- ^ Ljungqvist, A. (2008-04-15). "Gender Verification". In Barbara L. Drinkwater (ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine: An IOC Medical Commission Publication, Women in Sport. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 183–93. ISBN 9780470756850. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- ^ Schultz, Jaime (2014). Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport. U of Illinois P. pp. 111–12. ISBN 9780252095962.
- ^ Cole, Cheryl L. (2000). "One Chromosome Too Many?". In Kay Schaffer (ed.). The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. Sidonie Smith. Rutgers UP. pp. 128–46. ISBN 9780813528205. Retrieved 2 March 2015.