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IUPAC name
[(3R,5S,6S,11R,12S,14Z,16S,17Z)-14,17-Diamino-19,19-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-3-(sulfooxy)-8-oxa-1,9,13,15,18-pentaazapentacyclo[9.5.2.1~3,16~.0~5,9~.0~12,16~]nonadeca-14,17-dien-13-yl]methyl hydroxycarbamate
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Other names
ZTX
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID
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Properties | |
C16H24N8O12S | |
Molar mass | 552.47 g·mol−1 |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Extremely toxic |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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11 μg/kg (mice) |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Saxitoxin Neosaxitoxin Tetrodotoxin |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Zetekitoxin AB (ZTX) is a guanidine alkaloid found in the Panamanian golden frog Atelopus zeteki. It is an extremely potent neurotoxin.
Structure[edit]
ZTX is a guanidine alkaloid. It's structurally related to saxitoxin, but with some differences. ZTX contains an isoxazolidine ring, a sulfonate group and an N-hydroxycarbamate group.[2]
Mechanism of action[edit]
ZTX is an extremely potent sodium channel blocker. It has been shown to block the voltage-gated sodium channels at picomolar concentrations. It is about 580 times more potent than saxitoxin.[2]
Toxicity[edit]
ZTX is an extremely potent neurotoxin. The LD50 of ZTX in mice is 11 μg/kg.[3]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Chambers, Michael. "ChemIDplus - 0062996387 - Zetekitoxin AB - Searchable synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information". chem.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ a b Yotsu-Yamashita, M.; Kim, Y. H.; Dudley, S. C.; Choudhary, G.; Pfahnl, A.; Oshima, Y.; Daly, J. W. (22 March 2004). "The structure of zetekitoxin AB, a saxitoxin analog from the Panamanian golden frog Atelopus zeteki: A potent sodium-channel blocker". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (13): 4346–4351. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.4346Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.0400368101. PMC 384749. PMID 15070720.
- ^ Brown, George B.; Kim, Yong H.; Küntzel, Heiner; Mosher, Harry S.; Fuhrman, Geraldine J.; Fuhrman, Frederick A. (January 1977). "Chemistry and pharmacology of skin toxins from the frog Atelopus Zeteki (Atelopidtoxin: Zetekitoxin)". Toxicon. 15 (2): 115–128. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(77)90030-7. PMID 558664.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
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