Cannabaceae

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Yamal-402
NamesЯмал-402
Yamal-400 KA-2
Mission typeCommunications
OperatorGazprom Space Systems
COSPAR ID2012-070A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.39022
Websitehttps://www.gazprom-spacesystems.ru
Mission duration15 years (planned before launch)
11 years (planned after launch)
11 years, 8 months and 11 days (in progress)
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftYamal-402
Spacecraft typeYamal-400
BusSpacebus-4000C3
ManufacturerThales Alenia Space
Launch mass5,250 kg (11,570 lb)
Power10.8 kW
Start of mission
Launch date8 December 2012, 13:13:43 UTC
RocketProton-M / Briz-M
Launch siteBaikonur, Site 200/39
ContractorKhrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
Entered serviceFebruary 2013
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeGeostationary orbit
Longitude55° East
Transponders
Band46 Ku-band)
Coverage areaRussia

Yamal-402 (Russian: Ямал-402) is a Russian geostationary communications satellite. It was launched on 8 December 2012, 13:13:43 UTC from Site 200/39 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.[1] It was built by Thales Alenia Space, and is based on the Spacebus-4000C3 satellite bus. It is equipped with 46 Ku-band) transponders.[2] It has a design life of 15 years, but reducing to 11 years expected after launch partial failure.[3]

History

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In February 2009, Gazprom Space Systems announced a contract with Thales Alenia Space for two satellites: Yamal-401 and Yamal-402.[3] This was the first time a foreign supplier would build a satellite for the domestic Russian market. After much lobby from Russian industry, the contract for the bus and integration of Yamal-401 was cancelled and awarded to ISS Reshetnev, but Thales was allowed to keep the payload supply.[3][4][5]

Launch problem

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On 6 November 2012, the satellite arrives at the launch site of Baikonur.[6] On 8 December 2012, at 13:13:43 UTC, a Proton-M / Briz-M launches Yamal-402 to a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO).[7] The same day, Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and International Launch Services (ILS) reported an anomaly during the launch in which the Briz-M stage failed 4 minutes before scheduled shut down on its fourth burn.[8][9]

On 10 December 2012, specialists from Thales Alenia Space carried out maneuvers to bring the satellite into its designated orbit after a premature separation from Briz-M.[10][11] On 15 December 2012, Yamal-402 was taken to its planned geostationary orbit at the altitude of 36,000 km following a series of four adjustment operations.[12]

Mission

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The satellite lost 4 years of fuel to compensate for lower than expected orbit injection.[3]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "December 2012 Launch Calendar". Spaceflight101. Archived from the original on 1 December 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  2. ^ "Yamal-402". SatBeams. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d "Yamal 402". Gunter's Space Page. 12 December 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  4. ^ Pillet, Nicolas. "Yamal-400: le succès français" [Yamal-400 the French success] (in French). Kosmonavtika. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  5. ^ "Thales Alenia Space announces start of Yamal-400 programme". Thales Alenia Space. 28 May 2010. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016. (dead link: archived version)
  6. ^ "Yamal-402 satellite arrives at Baikonur launch site". Thales Alenia Space. 6 November 2012. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  7. ^ Pillet, Nicolas. "Proton-M 8 décembre 2012" [Proton-M 8 December 2012] (in French). Kosmonavtika. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  8. ^ "ILS Declares Proton Launch Anomaly". ILS. 8 December 2012.
  9. ^ "ILS Proton-M launches with Yamal-402 satellite". NASASpaceFlight.com. 8 December 2012.
  10. ^ "Thales Makes Second Attempt to Adjust Yamal Orbit". RIA Novosti. 10 December 2012.
  11. ^ "Thales Alenia Space statement concerning Yamal-402 satellite". Thales Alenia Space. 10 December 2012. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2016. (dead link: archived version)
  12. ^ "Troubled Russian Satellite Reaches Designated Orbit". RIA Novosti. 15 December 2012.
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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamal-402

One thought on “Cannabaceae”

  1. Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
    View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction

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