R-1820 Cyclone | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Curtiss-Wright R-1820 Cyclone Radial Engine | |
Type | Radial engine |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | Wright Aeronautical |
First run | 1930s |
Major applications | Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Curtiss P-36 Hawk Douglas B-18 Bolo Douglas DC-3 Douglas SBD Dauntless General Motors FM-2 Wildcat Sikorsky H-34 North American T-28 Trojan |
Number built | 47,475[1] |
Variants | Shvetsov M-25 |
Developed into | Wright R-2600 Wright R-3350 |
The Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 is an American radial engine developed by Curtiss-Wright, widely used on aircraft in the 1930s through 1950s. It was produced under license in France as the Hispano-Suiza 9V or Hispano-Wright 9V, and in the Soviet Union as the Shvetsov M-25.
Design and development
[edit]The R-1820 Cyclone 9 represented a further development of the Wright P-2 engine dating back to 1925. Featuring a greater displacement and a host of improvements, the R-1820 entered production in 1931. The engine remained in production well into the 1950s.
The R-1820 was built under license by Lycoming, Pratt & Whitney Canada, and also, during World War II, by the Studebaker Corporation. The Soviet Union had purchased a license for the design, and the Shvetsov OKB was formed to metricate the American specification powerplant for Soviet government-factory production as the M-25, with the R-1820's general design features used by the Shvetsov design bureau for many of their future radials for the Soviet air forces through the 1940s and onwards. In Spain the R-1820 was license-built as the Hispano-Suiza 9V or Hispano-Wright 9V.[2]
The R-1820 was at the heart of many famous aircraft including early Douglas airliners (the prototype DC-1, the DC-2, the first civil versions of the DC-3, and the limited-production DC-5), every wartime example of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Douglas SBD Dauntless bombers, the early versions of the Polikarpov I-16 fighter (as the M-25), and the Piasecki H-21 helicopter.
The R-1820 also found limited use in armoured vehicles. The G-200 variant developed 900 hp (670 kW) at 2,300 rpm and powered the strictly experimental M6 Heavy Tank.
D-200 Diesel
[edit]The Wright R-1820 was converted to a diesel during World War II by Caterpillar Inc. as the D-200 and produced 450 hp (340 kW) at 2,000 rpm in the M4A6 Sherman.[3]
Variants
[edit]- R-1820-04
- 700 hp (520 kW)
- R-1820-1
- 575 hp (429 kW)
- R-1820-4
- 770 hp (570 kW)
- R-1820-19
- 675 hp (503 kW)
- R-1820-21
- 690 hp (510 kW)
- R-1820-22
- 950 hp (710 kW)
- R-1820-25
- 675 hp (503 kW), 750 hp (560 kW), 775 hp (578 kW)
- R-1820-32
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- XR-1820-32
- 800 hp (600 kW)
- R-1820-33
- 775 hp (578 kW)
- R-1820-34
- 940 hp (700 kW), 950 hp (710 kW)
- R-1820-34A
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-40/42
- 1,100 hp (820 kW), 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-41
- 850 hp (630 kW)
- R-1820-45
- 800 hp (600 kW), 930 hp (690 kW)
- R-1820-49
- 975 hp (727 kW)
- R-1820-50
- 850 hp (630 kW)
- R-1820-52
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-53
- 930 hp (690 kW), 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-56
- 1,200 hp (890 kW), 1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
- R-1820-57
- 1,060 hp (790 kW)
- R-1820-60
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-62
- 1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
- R-1820-66
- 1,200 hp (895 kW), 1,350 hp (1,007 kW)
- R-1820-67/69
- 1,200 hp (890 kW), fitted with turbosupercharger
- R-1820-72W
- 1,350 hp (1,010 kW), 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-74W
- 1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
- R-1820-76A,B,C,D
- 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-77
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-78
- 700 hp (522 kW), 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-80
- 700 hp (520 kW), 1,535 hp (1,145 kW)
- R-1820-82WA
- 1,525 hp (1,137 kW)
- R-1820-84
- 1,525 hp (1,137 kW)
- R-1820-86
- 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-97
- 1,200 hp (890 kW), fitted with turbosupercharger
- R-1820-103
- 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- SGR-1820-F3
- 710 hp (530 kW), 720 hp (540 kW)
- SGR-1820-F2
- 720 hp (540 kW)
- R-1820-F53
- 770 hp (570 kW)
- R-1820-F56
- 790 hp (590 kW)
- GR-1820-G2
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G3
- 840 hp (630 kW)
- R-1820-G5
- 950 hp (710 kW)
- R-1820-G101
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102
- 775 hp (578 kW)
- GR-1820-G102A
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102A
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102A
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G202A
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-G103
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G105
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G205A
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
Notes: Unit numbers ending with W indicate engine variants fitted with water-methanol emergency power boost systems.
Hispano-Suiza 9V
[edit]The Hispano-Suiza 9V is a licence-built version of the R-1820.[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vr
- 9V with reduction gear
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vb
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbr
- variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbrs
- variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear and supercharger
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbs
- variant of the 9Vb with supercharger[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vd
- variant of the 9V[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-10
- 429 kW (575 hp) driving fixed-pitch propeller
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-11
- as -10 but RH rotation
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-16
- 480 kW (650 hp) driving variable-pitch propeller, LH rotation
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-17
- as -16 but RH rotation
Applications
[edit]- Bloch MB.221
- Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
- Boeing 307 Stratoliner
- Brewster F2A Buffalo
- Curtiss AT-32-A Condor
- Curtiss SBC-4 Helldiver
- Curtiss P-36 Mohawk
- Curtiss SC Seahawk
- Curtiss-Wright CW-21
- Douglas A-33
- Douglas B-18 Bolo
- Douglas DC-2
- Douglas DC-3 (DST, G-102 and G-202)
- Douglas R4D-8/C-117D
- Douglas DC-5
- Douglas DF Wright SGR-1820G-2
- Douglas SBD Dauntless
- FMA AeMB.2 Bombi
- General Motors FM-2 Wildcat
- Grumman TF-1 / C-1 Trader
- Grumman E-1 Tracer
- Grumman FF
- Grumman F3F
- Grumman XF5F Skyrocket
- Grumman XP-50
- Grumman HU-16 Albatross
- Grumman J2F Duck
- Grumman S-2 Tracker
- Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra
- Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar
- Lockheed Hudson
- Martin B-10
- North American A-27
- North American O-47
- North American P-64
- North American T-28B/C/D Trojan
- Northrop N-3PB
- Northrop YC-125 Raider
- Piasecki H-21
- Polikarpov I-16
- Ryan FR Fireball
- Sikorsky S-58/HUS/HSS/H-34
- Vultee V-1
Vehicles
[edit]Engines on display
[edit]Preserved Wright R-1820 engines are on display at the following museums:
- American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum[5]
- Fleet Air Arm Museum[citation needed]
- Delta Flight Museum[citation needed]
- National Air and Space Museum[citation needed]
- National Museum of the U.S. Air Force[citation needed]
-
Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 engine of restored Douglas DC-3 "Flagship Knoxville" at American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum
-
Wright R-1820 cutaway at the Museum of Aviation
-
Wright R-1820 at the Museum of Aviation
Specifications (GR-1820-G2)
[edit]Data from Jane's. [6]
General characteristics
- Type: Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine
- Bore: 6.125 in (155.6 mm)
- Stroke: 6.875 in (174.6 mm)
- Displacement: 1,823 cu in (29.87 L)
- Length: 47.76 in (1,213 mm)
- Diameter: 54.25 in (1,378 mm)
- Dry weight: 1,184 lb (537 kg)
Components
- Valvetrain: Two overhead valves per cylinder with sodium-filled exhaust valve
- Supercharger: Single-speed General Electric centrifugal type supercharger, blower ratio 7.134:1
- Fuel system: Stromberg PD12K10 downdraft carburetor with automatic mixture control
- Fuel type: 87 octane rating gasoline
- Oil system: Dry sump with one pressure and one scavenging pump
- Cooling system: Air-cooled
Performance
- Power output: 1,000 hp (746 kW) at 2,200 rpm for takeoff
- Specific power: 0.46 hp/in³ (20.88 kW/L)
- Compression ratio: 6.45:1
- Specific fuel consumption: 0.6 lb/(hp•h) (362 g/(kW•h))
- Oil consumption: 0.35-0.39 oz/(hp•h) (13-15 g/(kW•h))
- Power-to-weight ratio: 0.84 hp/lb (1.39 kW/kg)
See also
[edit]Related development
- Wright Cyclone family
- Wright R-1300 Cyclone 7
- Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14 (Twin Cyclone)
- Wright R-3350 Cyclone 18 (Duplex Cyclone)
- Shvetsov M-25
- Shvetsov ASh-62
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
[edit]- ^ "SUMMARY OF WRIGHT ENGINE SHIPMENTS 1920 – 1930" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ Lage(2004) pp. 157-162
- ^ Conners 2013.
- ^ a b c d Hartmann, Gustave. Hispano-Suiza, Les moteurs de tous les Records.pdf (in French).
- ^ May, Joseph (8 January 2013). "Flagship Knoxville — an American Airlines Douglas DC-3". Hearst Seattle Media. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ Bridgman 1998, p. 314.
Bibliography
[edit]- Bridgman, L, (ed.) (1998) Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. Crescent. ISBN 0-517-67964-7.
- Conners, Chris (2013). "Medium Tank M4 Sherman". American Fighting Vehicle Database. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
- Eden, Paul & Soph Moeng, The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Amber Books Ltd. Bradley's Close, 74-77 White Lion Street, London, NI 9PF, 2002, ISBN 0-7607-3432-1.
- Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.ISBN 0-7509-4479-X
- White, Graham. Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995. ISBN 1-56091-655-9
- Lage, Manual (2004). Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics. Warrendale, USA: SAE International. ISBN 0-7680-0997-9.
- "Aircraft Engines in Armored Vehicles". Archived from the original on 2006-10-07. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction