Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBE2B gene .[5] [6]
The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is required for post-replicative DNA damage repair. Its protein sequence is 100% identical to the mouse, rat, and rabbit homologs, which indicates that this enzyme is highly conserved in eukaryotic evolution.[6]
Interactions [ edit ] UBE2B has been shown to interact with RAD18 .[7] [8]
References [ edit ]
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000119048 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020390 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ Koken MH, Smit EM, Jaspers-Dekker I, Oostra BA, Hagemeijer A, Bootsma D, Hoeijmakers JH (May 1992). "Localization of two human homologs, HHR6A and HHR6B, of the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6 to chromosomes Xq24-q25 and 5q23-q31" . Genomics . 12 (3): 447–53. doi :10.1016/0888-7543(92)90433-S . hdl :1765/3036 PMID 1559696 . ^ a b "Entrez Gene: UBE2B ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2B (RAD6 homolog)" .^ Xin H, Lin W, Sumanasekera W, Zhang Y, Wu X, Wang Z (July 2000). "The human RAD18 gene product interacts with HHR6A and HHR6B" . Nucleic Acids Res . 28 (14). ENGLAND: 2847–54. doi :10.1093/nar/28.14.2847 . PMC 102657 PMID 10908344 . ^ Tateishi S, Sakuraba Y, Masuyama S, Inoue H, Yamaizumi M (July 2000). "Dysfunction of human Rad18 results in defective postreplication repair and hypersensitivity to multiple mutagens" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (14). UNITED STATES: 7927–32. Bibcode :2000PNAS...97.7927T . doi :10.1073/pnas.97.14.7927 ISSN 0027-8424 . PMC 16647 PMID 10884424 .
Further reading [ edit ]
Koken MH, Reynolds P, Jaspers-Dekker I, et al. (1991). "Structural and functional conservation of two human homologs of the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 88 (20): 8865–9. Bibcode :1991PNAS...88.8865K . doi :10.1073/pnas.88.20.8865 PMC 52611 PMID 1717990 . Woffendin C, Chen ZY, Staskus K, et al. (1991). "Mammalian mRNAs encoding protein closely related to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme encoded by yeast DNA repair gene RAD6". Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1090 (1): 81–5. doi :10.1016/0167-4781(91)90039-o . PMID 1883845 . Schneider R, Eckerskorn C, Lottspeich F, Schweiger M (1990). "The human ubiquitin carrier protein E2(Mr = 17,000) is homologous to the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6" . EMBO J . 9 (5): 1431–5. doi :10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08259.x . PMC 551831 PMID 2158443 . Koken MH, Hoogerbrugge JW, Jasper-Dekker I, et al. (1996). "Expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating DNA repair enzymes HHR6A and B suggests a role in spermatogenesis and chromatin modification" . Dev. Biol . 173 (1): 119–32. doi :10.1006/dbio.1996.0011 hdl :1765/3093 PMID 8575614 . Tateishi S, Sakuraba Y, Masuyama S, et al. (2000). "Dysfunction of human Rad18 results in defective postreplication repair and hypersensitivity to multiple mutagens" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 97 (14): 7927–32. Bibcode :2000PNAS...97.7927T . doi :10.1073/pnas.97.14.7927 PMC 16647 PMID 10884424 . Xin H, Lin W, Sumanasekera W, et al. (2000). "The human RAD18 gene product interacts with HHR6A and HHR6B" . Nucleic Acids Res . 28 (14): 2847–54. doi :10.1093/nar/28.14.2847 . PMC 102657 PMID 10908344 . Miura T, Klaus W, Ross A, et al. (2003). "The NMR structure of the class I human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2b". J. Biomol. NMR . 22 (1): 89–92. doi :10.1023/A:1013807519703 . PMID 11885984 . S2CID 27799378 . Shekhar MP, Lyakhovich A, Visscher DW, et al. (2002). "Rad6 overexpression induces multinucleation, centrosome amplification, abnormal mitosis, aneuploidy, and transformation". Cancer Res . 62 (7): 2115–24. PMID 11929833 . Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 . Kwon YT, Xia Z, An JY, et al. (2003). "Female lethality and apoptosis of spermatocytes in mice lacking the UBR2 ubiquitin ligase of the N-end rule pathway" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 23 (22): 8255–71. doi :10.1128/MCB.23.22.8255-8271.2003 . PMC 262401 PMID 14585983 . Lyakhovich A, Shekhar MP (2004). "RAD6B overexpression confers chemoresistance: RAD6 expression during cell cycle and its redistribution to chromatin during DNA damage-induced response". Oncogene . 23 (17): 3097–106. doi :10.1038/sj.onc.1207449 . PMID 14981545 . S2CID 6180818 . Watanabe K, Tateishi S, Kawasuji M, et al. (2005). "Rad18 guides poleta to replication stalling sites through physical interaction and PCNA monoubiquitination" . EMBO J . 23 (19): 3886–96. doi :10.1038/sj.emboj.7600383 . PMC 522788 PMID 15359278 . Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)" . Genome Res . 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi :10.1101/gr.2596504 . PMC 528928 PMID 15489334 . Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, et al. (2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell . 122 (6): 957–68. doi :10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 . hdl :11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 PMID 16169070 . S2CID 8235923 . Shekhar MP, Tait L, Gerard B (2007). "Essential role of T-cell factor/beta-catenin in regulation of Rad6B: a potential mechanism for Rad6B overexpression in breast cancer cells" . Mol. Cancer Res . 4 (10): 729–45. doi :10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-06-0136 PMID 17050667 .
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction