![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
To permit the state to become a party to the International Criminal Court | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Results | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution Act 2001 of the Constitution of Ireland is an amendment that permitted the state to become a party to the International Criminal Court (ICC). It was approved by referendum on 7 June 2001 and signed into law on the 27 March 2002. The referendum was held on the same day as referendums on the prohibition of the death penalty, which was also approved, and on the ratification of the Nice Treaty, which was rejected.
Background
[edit]The Statute of the International Criminal Court established the International Criminal Court. As its ratification would affect Ireland's sovereignty and powers and functions elsewhere in the Constitution, under the decision of the Supreme Court in Crotty v. An Taoiseach (1987), an amendment was required before it could be ratified.
Changes to the text
[edit]Insertion of new Article 29.9:
The State may ratify the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court done at Rome on the 17th day of July, 1998.
Oireachtas debate
[edit]The Twenty-third Amendment was proposed in Dáil Éireann by Minister for Foreign Affairs Brian Cowen on behalf of the Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats coalition government led by Taoiseach Bertie Ahern.[1] It had the support of all parties and it passed final stages in the Dáil on 12 April.[2] It passed final stages in the Seanad on 2 May and proceeded to a referendum on 11 June 2001.[3]
Result
[edit]Choice | Votes | % |
---|---|---|
![]() |
629,234 | 64.22 |
No | 350,512 | 35.78 |
Valid votes | 979,746 | 98.21 |
Invalid or blank votes | 17,819 | 1.79 |
Total votes | 997,565 | 100.00 |
Registered voters/turnout | 2,867,960 | 34.78 |
Constituency | Electorate | Turnout (%) | Votes | Proportion of votes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Yes | No | |||
Carlow–Kilkenny | 92,470 | 34.1% | 19,747 | 11,094 | 64.1% | 35.9% |
Cavan–Monaghan | 85,803 | 34.6% | 18,803 | 10,184 | 64.9% | 35.1% |
Clare | 76,227 | 30.8% | 15,251 | 7,767 | 66.3% | 33.7% |
Cork East | 68,707 | 35.6% | 14,420 | 9,555 | 60.2% | 39.8% |
Cork North-Central | 75,038 | 33.4% | 14,817 | 9,817 | 60.2% | 39.8% |
Cork North-West | 49,749 | 37.4% | 10,890 | 7,206 | 60.2% | 39.8% |
Cork South-Central | 90,790 | 37.2% | 22,112 | 11,144 | 66.5% | 33.5% |
Cork South-West | 50,677 | 37.0% | 11,869 | 6,422 | 64.9% | 35.1% |
Donegal North-East | 55,035 | 27.6% | 8,446 | 6,428 | 56.8% | 43.2% |
Donegal South-West | 52,671 | 28.6% | 8,175 | 6,572 | 55.5% | 44.5% |
Dublin Central | 61,290 | 33.7% | 11,377 | 8,926 | 56.1% | 43.9% |
Dublin North | 70,321 | 37.8% | 18,262 | 8,039 | 69.5% | 30.5% |
Dublin North-Central | 64,007 | 43.1% | 17,490 | 9,897 | 63.9% | 36.1% |
Dublin North-East | 59,877 | 39.8% | 15,419 | 8,181 | 65.4% | 34.6% |
Dublin North-West | 57,284 | 38.3% | 13,552 | 8,106 | 62.6% | 37.4% |
Dublin South | 93,038 | 42.5% | 28,195 | 10,929 | 72.1% | 27.9% |
Dublin South-Central | 65,542 | 39.1% | 15,551 | 9,638 | 61.8% | 38.2% |
Dublin South-East | 58,820 | 39.6% | 15,777 | 7,066 | 69.1% | 30.9% |
Dublin South-West | 81,266 | 31.9% | 15,613 | 9,996 | 61.0% | 39.0% |
Dublin West | 77,760 | 34.4% | 17,956 | 8,601 | 67.7% | 32.3% |
Dún Laoghaire | 86,549 | 42.8% | 26,443 | 10,164 | 72.3% | 27.7% |
Galway East | 65,633 | 29.6% | 12,023 | 6,951 | 63.4% | 36.6% |
Galway West | 83,176 | 29.5% | 15,536 | 8,503 | 64.7% | 35.3% |
Kerry North | 53,366 | 32.8% | 9,902 | 7,178 | 58.0% | 42.0% |
Kerry South | 48,992 | 32.0% | 9,585 | 5,690 | 62.8% | 37.2% |
Kildare North | 59,035 | 34.4% | 14,099 | 5,985 | 70.3% | 29.7% |
Kildare South | 51,142 | 32.3% | 10,690 | 5,556 | 65.9% | 34.1% |
Laois–Offaly | 90,987 | 32.2% | 18,221 | 10,378 | 63.8% | 36.2% |
Limerick East | 80,339 | 34.5% | 17,281 | 10,014 | 63.4% | 36.6% |
Limerick West | 49,160 | 34.8% | 10,426 | 6,178 | 62.8% | 37.2% |
Longford–Roscommon | 67,305 | 32.0% | 12,954 | 8,083 | 61.6% | 38.4% |
Louth | 78,007 | 34.0% | 16,428 | 9,667 | 63.0% | 37.0% |
Mayo | 90,336 | 30.1% | 15,840 | 10,694 | 59.7% | 40.3% |
Meath | 101,888 | 32.6% | 21,817 | 10,880 | 66.8% | 33.2% |
Sligo–Leitrim | 66,748 | 35.2% | 14,000 | 8,930 | 61.1% | 38.9% |
Tipperary North | 56,278 | 34.0% | 12,062 | 6,585 | 64.7% | 35.3% |
Tipperary South | 53,463 | 37.1% | 12,098 | 7,205 | 62.7% | 37.3% |
Waterford | 71,946 | 35.0% | 15,845 | 8,797 | 64.4% | 35.6% |
Westmeath | 51,664 | 31.6% | 9,538 | 6,474 | 59.6% | 40.4% |
Wexford | 90,507 | 33.4% | 19,156 | 10,467 | 64.7% | 35.3% |
Wicklow | 85,067 | 38.3% | 21,029 | 11,016 | 65.7% | 34.3% |
Total | 2,867,960 | 34.8% | 628,695 | 350,963 | 64.2% | 35.8% |
Aftermath
[edit]The International Criminal Court came into force on 1 July 2002.
Note on numbering
[edit]The Twenty-third Amendment Bill was put to the people with the Twenty-first and Twenty-fourth Amendment Bills. This is because the Twenty-second Amendment of the Constitution Bill was withdrawn by the government during the course of debate in the Oireachtas. There was therefore no Twenty-second Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, as the title of legislation is not changed on its enactment.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Twenty-third Amendment to the Constitution Bill, 2001: Second Stage". Houses of the Oireachtas. 11 April 2001. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
- ^ "Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution Bill, 2001: Committee and Remaining Stages". Houses of the Oireachtas. 12 April 2001. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
- ^ "Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution Bill, 2001: Committee Stage and Remaining Stages". Houses of the Oireachtas. 2 May 2001. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
- ^ a b "Referendum Results 1937–2015" (PDF). Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government. 23 August 2016. p. 66. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction