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Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C53H85ClN14O17 | |
Molar mass | 1225.78 |
Appearance | white solid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Syringomycin E is a member of a class of lipodepsinonapeptide molecules that are secreted by the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Lipodepsinonapeptides comprise a closed ring of nine nonribosomally synthesized amino acids bonded to a fatty acid hydrocarbon tail.[1] A commonly encountered pathovar (pv) of P. syringae is P. syringae pv syringae, which secretes a number of closely related forms of the molecule. Syringomycins are virulence determinants, which means that their secretion is required for the manifestation of disease symptoms on a number of stone fruit crop plants.
Syringomycins have two widely recognized mechanisms of action.[2] They can function as detergents which are powerful enough to dissolve plant membranes at high concentrations. It is not clear whether concentrations high enough to dissolve membranes are ever reached in planta. In addition to being surfactants, aggregates of syringomycins can insert into plant cell membranes and form small pores. These pores allow the leakage of ions from the plant cell cytoplasm. Affected plant cells are unable to maintain their required levels of electrolyte and ultimately cell death and lysis occurs. It is believed that P. syringae benefits from the release of nutrients that occurs as a consequence of cellular lysis.
The biosynthesis of this class of molecules has been elucidated.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Scholz-Schroeder B.K., Soule J.D., and Gross D. C. 2003. The sypA, sypS, and sypC synthetase genes encode twenty-two modules involved in the nonribosomal peptide synthesis of syringopeptin by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B301D. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 16:271-80
- ^ Hutchison, M. L., Tester, M. A., and Gross D. C. 1995. Role of biosurfactant and ion channel-forming activities of syringomycin in transmembrane ion flux: A model for the mechanism of action in the plant-pathogen interaction. Mol. Pl. Microb. Interact. 8:610-620.
- ^ Blasiak, L. C., Vaillancourt, F. d. r. H., Walsh, C. T., Drennan, C. L., "Crystal structure of the non-haem iron halogenase SyrB2 in syringomycin biosynthesis", Nature 2006, 440, 368. doi:10.1038/nature04544
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction