Scott Rasmussen | |
---|---|
![]() Rasmussen in 2012 | |
Born | Scott William Rasmussen March 30, 1956 Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, U.S. |
Education | University of Connecticut DePauw University (BA) Wake Forest University (MBA) |
Occupation | Political analyst |
Known for | Rasmussen Reports, ESPN |
Spouse | Laura Rasmussen |
Parents |
|
Website | scottrasmussen |
Notes | |
Scott William Rasmussen /ˈræsˌmʌsən/[2] (born March 30, 1956)[3] is an American public opinion pollster and political analyst. He previously produced the ScottRasmussen.com Daily Tracking Poll, a gauge of American voters' political sentiment.[4][5][6] He is editor-at-large for Ballotpedia,[7] where he writes the Number of the Day Feature,[8] and is a host for the podcast entitled "Just the Polls," a podcast series from Just the News.[9][10]
Rasmussen founded Rasmussen Reports in 2003, where he was pollster and president for ten years until leaving the company in 2013.[4][11][12] Earlier in his professional life, Rasmussen co-founded the sports network ESPN.[13] After leaving Rasmussen Reports, Rasmussen founded Rasmussen Media Group, working as a political analyst, author, public speaker and columnist.[14][15]
Rasmussen is a New York Times bestselling author and speaker,[16] and he writes a weekly column for the Deseret News.[17] His most recent book publication is entitled The Sun is Still Rising: Politics Has Failed But America Will Not and was released in 2018.[18]
Early life and education
[edit]Rasmussen was born on Eglin Air Force Base near Valparaiso, Florida to Lois Ann and Bill Rasmussen.[3][19][20] Scott's father was from Chicago, Illinois and attended DePauw University in Indiana, where he met Scott's mother.[21]
From an early age, Rasmussen was exposed to the broadcasting business through his father, who had worked for radio stations and was a communications director for the New England Whalers ice hockey team.[22] With the help of his father, Rasmussen taped his first radio commercial at the age of seven.[23]
Rasmussen grew up spending summers in Ocean Grove, New Jersey with his grandparents.[3] He got his first job at age 14 as an umbrella boy.[24] He later was an announcer for the New England Whalers of the World Hockey Association.[23] Rasmussen's childhood idol was hockey legend Gordie Howe.[25] Around that time he was emcee for Howe's 50th birthday celebration in 1978, which Rasmussen cites as a highlight of his life: "nothing in my professional career will ever equal the thrill of celebrating [his] birthday."[26]
Rasmussen graduated from Minnechaug Regional High School in 1974 and was goaltender for the high school hockey team.[27] He started college at the University of Connecticut, taking a class from professor Everett Ladd, a pollster and political scientist.[23][28]
Rasmussen earned a bachelor's degree in history at his father's alma mater, DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, graduating in 1986,[29] and later an executive MBA from the Babcock Graduate School of Management at Wake Forest University.[30]
Career
[edit]ESPN
[edit]In 1978, Rasmussen partnered with his father, Bill Rasmussen, to form an exclusively sports-devoted 24-hour cable television network. The network was initially named "Entertainment and Sports Programming Network," but was changed to "ESPN" to shorten its length.[31][13] Five years later, the Rasmussens' ownership stake in ESPN was bought out by Texaco, who thereafter sold ESPN to ABC for $237 million.[30] They went on to found the Enterprise Radio Network. Rasmussen and his father later had a falling out over what Rasmussen called unspecified "differences."[32]
Polling
[edit]Rasmussen first became known for his public opinion polling work. In the 1990s, he volunteered as a pollster for friends who were attempting to impose congressional term limits.[33] In 1995, he founded a polling company called GrassRoots Research.[30] In 1999, after changing the name to Rasmussen Research, the company was bought by TownPagesNet.com for about $4.5 million in ordinary shares.[30]
Rasmussen Reports
[edit]In 2003, Rasmussen founded Rasmussen Reports, LLC, a U.S.-based public opinion polling company, to track consumer confidence, investor confidence, and presidential approval.[34][35] Rasmussen Reports has been called "one of the most consistently interesting polling and analytics companies," generating a daily cycle of news reports based on original survey results as well as political, business, economic and lifestyle content.[11][36][37] Unlike traditional pollsters whose polls are often influenced by partisanship, the company's business model relies on website advertising and paid subscriptions for premium content.[38] Rasmussen Reports' polls are notable for their use of automated public opinion polling, involving pre-recorded telephone inquiries, which have been shown to produce accurate results at low cost.[39]
In 2009, Noson Lawen Partners provided a significant investment in Rasmussen Reports to help expand its daily, automated tracking polls, noting the "rock solid credibility and market-leading accuracy of the Rasmussen Reports product suite."[40] In 2010, Rasmussen Reports was one of two firms providing daily tracking updates of the president's job approval ratings as well as consumer confidence.[41] By 2012, Rasmussen Reports had garnered a national reputation for providing "reliable, newsworthy and actionable public opinion data,"[11] receiving over one million visits per day during the presidential election that year.[38]
In July 2013, Rasmussen left his position as president of Rasmussen Reports[42] following disagreements with investors over business strategies.[43] In a press release from Rasmussen Reports, the company confirmed Rasmussen's departure and said, "[i]n part, the move reflects disagreements over company business strategies .... The Company emphasized that Mr. Rasmussen's legacy remains intact. His polling methodologies and protocols, widely acknowledged as among the most accurate and reliable in the industry, continue to guide and inform the company’s public opinion survey techniques. In addition, the editorial culture of excellence that he built is still very much in place."[44][45]
The Washington Post referred to Rasmussen as "a driving force in American politics" and "an articulate and frequent guest on Fox News and other outlets, where his nominally nonpartisan data is often cited to support Republican talking points."[46] In the Wall Street Journal, political journalist John Fund called him "America's insurgent pollster".[47]
Susan Estrich, the first female campaign manager of a major presidential campaign, said of him, "If you really want to know what people in America think, you can't find a smarter guy to ask than Scott Rasmussen."[48][49]
Rasmussen has described himself as "an independent pollster" who "[l]ike the company he started, [...] maintains his independence and has never been a campaign pollster or consultant for candidates seeking office."[36] Speaking about the use of his polling data by Republicans, in 2009 Rasmussen said, "Republicans right now are citing our polls more than Democrats because it’s in their interest to do so. I would not consider myself a political conservative — that implies an alignment with Washington politics that I don’t think I have."[50]
In 2010, some Democrats criticized Rasmussen's polling methodology. Democratic pollster Mark Mellman said Rasmussen Reports polls "tend to be among the worst polls for Democrats." Tom Jensen, a pollster for Democratic firm Public Policy Polling said: "The way [Rasmussen] does polls is that he's more likely to get high-energy voters. I think Rasmussen favors Republicans this year, but I don't think he inherently favors Republicans."[51]
Rasmussen Media Group
[edit]After his departure from Rasmussen Reports in 2013, Rasmussen announced the creation of Rasmussen Media Group to "develop and invest in digital media opportunities." Rasmussen Media Group said that the "new venture reflects a transition from Rasmussen's role as a scorekeeper in the nation's political dialogue to becoming a more active participant," especially in critiquing "crony capitalism and the unholy alliance between big government and big business."[44]
ScottRasmussen.com
[edit]In August 2018, Rasmussen released his new public opinion website, ScottRasmussen.com.[5] The website debuted in conjunction with the announcement of a partnership between ScottRasmussen.com and HarrisX, an online research company under The Stagwell Group, which was founded by former pollster and adviser to President Bill Clinton, Mark Penn.[6][52][53] Beyond polling and analysis regarding approval ratings and congressional races, the venture also focuses on public sentiment and awareness of other issues, such as socialism and immigration.[4] According to an August 2018 press release, ScottRasmussen.com and HarrisX produce a Daily Tracking Poll that seeks to "zero in on foundational public attitudes rather than the partisan politics that frequently define Washington discourse."[5]
Since the launch, Rasmussen and ScottRasmussen.com have been cited for their polling insights by Newsweek,[4] The Wall Street Journal,[54] and The Hill,[55] among others.
Styrk.com
[edit]In 2014, Rasmussen launched Styrk.com, a digital news service which functioned as a multi-channel news platform and social network. Former Miss America Kirsten Haglund served as Styrk.com's lead anchor. Styrk.com's tagline was "news in the language of everyday Americans."[56][57] Styrk.com ceased operations on March 16, 2016.[58]
Works
[edit]Books
[edit]In 2010, Rasmussen co-authored a book with pollster Douglas Schoen, Mad as Hell: How the Tea Party Movement is Fundamentally Remaking Our Two-Party System,[59] explaining the causes of Tea Party movement's frustrations, namely excessive federal spending, high taxes, and a failure of politicians in Washington to listening to the people.[60]
In his 2010 book titled In Search of Self-Governance, Rasmussen argued that Americans would rather govern themselves rather than being governed from the left, the right, or even center[61] and this desire for self-governance is under assault by elites in Washington, D.C. and Wall Street."[62]
Rasmussen's 2012 book, "The People's Money: How Voters Will Balance the Budget and Eliminate the Federal Debt," argues through polling data, that the federal government does not have the consent of the governed.[19] The book reached number 17 on the New York Times Bestseller List in March 2012.[63]
In 2018, Rasmussen authored a book entitled The Sun is Still Rising: Politics Has Failed But America Will Not.[18] While expressing a general sense of pessimism as to the political process in America, Rasmussen makes a case for the "legitimacy" of optimism in the virtual and psychical communities outside of Washington, D.C. that allow the talents of individuals flourish.[64] Jonathan Rauch, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, said of the book: "in this optimistic, open-hearted book, Scott Rasmussen delivers a spirited and timely reminder that civic groups, innovative businesses, and personal networks are where the real action will be in the 21st century—and that their potential to improve our lives and our country is vast."[65]
Columns
[edit]Rasmussen's work has appeared in USA Today, The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times, The Boston Globe, Investor's Business Daily, the Christian Science Monitor and other major publications.[36] Rasmussen also writes a weekly syndicated newspaper column through Creators Syndicate and gives daily syndicated news updates through WOR Radio Network. Rasmussen's columns incorporate public opinion polling data and public policy issues. He is also regularly quoted in print and online publications,[66] including USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, and The Los Angeles Times.
Rasmussen has independently authored several Wall Street Journal columns, including a piece on how Obama won the White House by campaigning like Ronald Reagan[67] and an overview of the healthcare reform debate.[68]
Television
[edit]In 2010 he made an appearance on Comedy Central's The Colbert Report.[69]
From 2012 through 2013, Rasmussen hosted a syndicated television show called What America Thinks With Scott Rasmussen with WCBS-TV.[70][71][72] An episode of the show titled What New Hampshire Thinks won a 2012 Granite Mike Award from the New Hampshire Association of Broadcasters.[73][74]
In February 2018, Rasmussen participated as a panelist in a televised discussion moderated by former Hewlett-Packard Chairman and CEO Carly Fiorina, discussing the implications and impact of the recently enacted tax reform package.[75]
Radio
[edit]In April 2012, WOR Radio Network began syndicating three different one-minute daily news updates by Rasmussen.[76]
Personal life
[edit]Rasmussen lives in Florida with his wife, Laura.[7]
Speaking about his political views, Rasmussen said, "I was brought up loosely as a Republican, but at our family dinner table we talked about the important politics of the New York Giants and the New York Yankees. There was no political discussion in my life growing up. I became a Democrat after Richard Nixon and into the Jimmy Carter era and have been an Independent ever since. I spoke today about how the American people were skeptical about politicians—well, I'm more skeptical. I really do see the core issue as the political class versus mainstream voters. I think that is a much bigger gap than Republican, Democrat, conservative, or liberal."[3]
In March 2010, Rasmussen's home was destroyed by a fire. Rasmussen noted thereafter that his local community—the "local government, our insurance company, our church, local businesses, our neighbors and the kindness of strangers"—were instrumental in the recovery process. Rasmussen also cited this experience as an inspiration for the "upbeat message" in his book, Politics Has Failed: America Will Not.[64]
From 2006–2011, Rasmussen was volunteer president of the Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association (OGCMA), "a ministry organization whose mission is to provide opportunities for spiritual birth, growth, and renewal in a Christian seaside setting."[77] OGCMA is affiliated with the United Methodist Church.[78]
Bibliography
[edit]- Politics Has Failed: America Will Not. Sutherland Institute. 2017. ISBN 9780998960401.
- The People's Money: How Voters Will Balance the Budget and Eliminate the Federal Debt. Threshold Editions. 2012. ISBN 978-1451666106.
- In Search of Self-Governance. CreateSpace. 2010. ISBN 978-1449593544.
- Mad As Hell: How the Tea Party Movement Is Fundamentally Remaking Our Two-Party System. Harper. 2010. ISBN 978-0061995231. (with Doug Schoen)
- A Better Deal: Social Security Choice. Rasmussen Reports. 2001. ISBN 0971233004.
- Solving the Budget Crisis: Hope for America's Future. Pub Marketing Group. 1985. ISBN 0934347018.
References
[edit]- ^ "Taking the Pulse of America". Living Media. 2011-05-01. Archived from the original on 2016-04-09. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
- ^ "Scott Rasmussen Interview" (September 2009) and "Scott Rasmussen Interview" (July 2009) on The Fred Thompson Show.
- ^ a b c d Britton, Tori (January 18, 2011). "Polling the Pollster". Maine Ahead. Archived from the original on March 22, 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d "The founder of Trump's favorite poll predicts Democrats win House, GOP earns extra Senate seat in midterms". Newsweek. 2018-08-29. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
- ^ a b c "HarrisX Partners with Veteran Pollster Scott Rasmussen on New Daily Poll Tracking American Political Sentiment" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
- ^ a b "HarrisX Partners with Veteran Pollster Scott Rasmussen on New Daily Poll Tracking American Political Sentiment | Markets Insider". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
- ^ a b "Ballotpedia:Scott Rasmussen - Ballotpedia". Retrieved 2018-01-10.
- ^ London, Matt (February 27, 2020). "The really bad numbers for Biden in the Iowa Caucuses results: Scott Rasmussen". Fox News. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ^ "Just The News". ART19. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "Just the Polls with Scott Rasmussen". ART19. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ a b c "The Arena: - Scott Rasmussen Bio". Politico. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
- ^ Levenson, Eric. "Scott Rasmussen Leaves Rasmussen Reports to Become a GOP Pundit". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
- ^ a b "Sports' Junkies Rejoice:The Birth of ESPN", Bill Rasmussen; QV Publishing, inc., Hartsdale, New York (November 1983)
- ^ "Scott Rasmussen '86 Launches New Media Venture". DePauw University. August 8, 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- ^ "Scott Rasmussen". LinkedIn. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
- ^ "Scott Rasmussen". Styrk. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
- ^ "Scott Rasmussen Profile and Activity". Deseret News.
- ^ a b Rasmussen, Scott (2018). The Sun is Still Rising: Politics Has Failed But America Will Not. Salt Lake City: Sutherland Institute. ISBN 9780998960425. OCLC 1060616405.
- ^ a b Rasmussen, Scott (2012). The People's Money: How Voters Will Balance the Budget and Eliminate the Federal Debt (1st ed.). New York: Threshold Editions. ISBN 9781451666106. OCLC 738347931.
- ^ "Lois Ann Mickey RASMUSSEN". Legacy.com. Seattle Times. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ Faude, Wilson (2013). Connecticut Miscellany: ESPN, The Age of the Reptiles, CowParade & More. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781614239468. OCLC 945549549.
- ^ Schwabel, Dan (September 13, 2012). "How Bill Rasmussen Started ESPN and His Entrepreneurship Advice". Forbes. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- ^ a b c "Pollster Scott Rasmussen's numbers are firing up Republicans and Democrats". Washington Post. 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
- ^ "Scott W. Rasmussen - Summer Tents in Ocean Grove". Scottrasmussen.net. Archived from the original on 2015-03-20. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ "Scott Rasmussen - The King's College". The King's College. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
- ^ "Working With Gordie Howe". Scott W. Rasmussen. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- ^ Tom Shea: Rasmussen Reports founder Scott Rassmussen has Pioneer Valley ties Masslive.com, August 29, 2010
- ^ Reeves, Thomas C. (2000-05-18). Twentieth-Century America: A Brief History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190281427.
- ^ Pollster Scott Rasmussen '86 Has Yet to See Convention Bounce for Barack Obama DePauw University News, August 28, 2008
- ^ a b c d He got out of sports to be a poll vaulter Business North Carolina, October 1, 1996
- ^ "Two talks by ESPN's cofounder will benefit children's museum | HeraldNet.com". HeraldNet.com. 2011-10-25. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
- ^ Horowitz, Jason (2010-06-17). "Pollster Scott Rasmussen's numbers are firing up Republicans and Democrats". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
- ^ "Meet the Man Who Takes America's Pulse". Washington Business Magazine. Spring 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
- ^ "Rasmussen Reports, LLC: Private Company Information - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
- ^ Tartakoff, Joseph (2009-08-10). "Public Opinion Firm Rasmussen Reports Gets 'Major Growth Capital Investment'". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
- ^ a b c "About Us". Rasmussenreports.com. 2010-03-14. Archived from the original on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ "Scott Rasmussen's Heroic Battle With Tyrannophilia Rex, The Love Of Dictatorship". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
- ^ a b "Meet the Man Who Takes America's Pulse - Washington Business Magazine". 2012-09-18. Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
- ^ Use of Likely Voter Model Does Not Explain Rasmussen "House Effect", by Nate Silver, FiveThirtyEight.com, April 17, 2010
- ^ "Rasmussen Reports Announces New Growth Capital Investment" (Press release). Rasmussen Reports. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
- ^ "Obama's job approval bouncing back". Weekly Standard. 2010-12-21. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ Blumenthal, Mark; Edwards-Levy, Ariel (2013-08-22). "Pollster Scott Rasmussen Leaves Firm He Founded A Decade Ago". Huffington Post. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ "One Of The Biggest Political Pollsters Has Left The Company That Bears His Last Name Over 'Disagreements'". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
- ^ a b "Rasmussen Reports Announces a Change in Management". Rasmussen Reports. 2013-08-22. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ Byers, Dylan (2013-08-22). "Rasmussen founder leaves company". Politico. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ "Pollster Scott Rasmussen's numbers are firing up Republicans and Democrats". Washington Post. 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
- ^ Fund, John (2010-08-21). "America's Insurgent Pollster". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
- ^ "Estrich commentary, Creators.org, 2009". Creators.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ Toner, Robin; Special to The New York Times (1988-05-06). "Behind the 2 Democratic Contenders, 2 Hard-Driving Campaign Managers; Susan Estrich Brings Assurance And Toughness to Dukakis Drive". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
- ^ David Weigel: Rasmussen, the Only Poll that Matters The Washington Independent, 18 February 2009
- ^ Isenstadt, Alex (2010-01-02). "Low favorables: Democrats rip Rasmussen". Politico. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ O’Reilly, Lara (2018-08-14). "Mark Penn's Stagwell Group Raises $260 Million". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
- ^ Baker, Peter (2018-05-21). "Mark Penn, Ex-Clinton Aide, Dismisses Mueller Inquiry, and the Clintons Along With It". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
- ^ Freeman, James (2018-08-29). "Opinion | The 'Politically Obsessed' and the Rest of Us". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
- ^ Manchester, Julia (2018-08-31). "Hill.TV poll: 48 percent of Americans say they are employed, satisfied with their job". TheHill. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
- ^ "About Us". Styrk.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-16. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ Blumenthal, Mark; Edwards-Levy, Ariel (January 13, 2015). "HUFFPOLLSTER: American Worries About Terrorism Remain Largely Unchanged". Huffington Post. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ "Styrk.com page at Ballotpedia". Retrieved 10 December 2017.
- ^ Rasmussen, Scott; Schoen, Douglas (2010). Mad As Hell: How the Tea Party Movement Is Fundamentally Remaking Our Two-Party System (1st ed.). New York: Harper. ISBN 9780062016720. OCLC 680281448.
- ^ Caddell, Patrick; Schoen, Douglas (2010-01-15). "Don't Shoot the Pollster". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
- ^ "KCSG Television - Americans Strongly Support Ideals of Declaration of Independence". Kcsg.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ Rasmussen, Scott W. (January 2010). In Search of Self-Governance. Rasmussen Reports. ISBN 9781449593544.
- ^ "Hardcover Nonfiction Books - Best Sellers - March 25, 2012". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
- ^ a b Rasmussen, Scott. "A Journey From Pessimism to Optimism". Townhall. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
- ^ "Scott Rasmussen Authors Politics Has Failed: America Will Not". DePauw University. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
- ^ "In The News". Rasmussenreports.com. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ Rasmussen, Scott (2008-11-10). "The Polls Show That Reaganism Is Not Dead". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
- ^ Rasmussen, Scott (2009-08-07). "Health Reform and the Polls". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
- ^ "on The Colbert Report March 11, 2010". Colbertnation.com. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ Cramer, Ruby (2012-10-25). "The Secret Economy Of Pollsters". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
- ^ "For Voters, Tax Reform Means Tax Equality by Scott Rasmussen on Creators.com - A Syndicate of Talent". Creators.com. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ Staff (24 May 2011). "Telco Develops Syndie Offerings With Rasmussen". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ "2012 Granite Mikes Winners". NHAB. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ^ Stead, Cynthia (2013-01-03). "Faithfully moving into the new year". Cape Cod Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ^ "Your Voice, Your Future: Tax Reform". WPEC. Sinclair Broadcast Group. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
- ^ "WOR Radio Network to Syndicate "Rasmussen Report" Feature". Talkers Magazine. 2012-04-13. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
- ^ Scheller, Christine (2011-12-11). "Lifelong Ocean Grove Resident Takes Helm of Camp Meeting Association". Manasquan-Belmar Patch. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
- ^ "About The Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association". Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association Website. Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction