Cannabaceae

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Sangir
Native toIndonesia
Philippines
RegionNorth Sulawesi
North Maluku
Davao del Sur
Davao Occidental
Davao Oriental
EthnicitySangir
Native speakers
Sangir: 170,000 (2010)[1]
Sangil: 15,000 (1996)[1]
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
sxn – Sangir
snl – Sangil
Glottolognort2871

Sangir, also known as Sangihé, Sangi, Sangil, or Sangih, is an Austronesian language spoken on the islands linking northern Sulawesi, Indonesia, with Mindanao, Philippines by the Sangir people. It belongs to the Philippine group within the Austronesian language family.[1]

Some lexical influence comes from Ternate and Spanish,[2][3] as well as Dutch and Malay.[4] Many of the Sangirese have migrated to areas outside of the Sangihe archipelago, including mainland Sulawesi, as well as the Philippines, where the language remains vigorous.[5] Sangir is also spoken by Sangirese migrants in North Maluku, Indonesia.[6]

Manado Malay is commonly used among the Sangirese, sometimes as a first language. Manado Malay is particularly influential in Tahuna and Manado.[5]

Phonology

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Consonants

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Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d ɡ
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative β s ɣ h
Rhotic ɾ
Lateral l 𝼈
Approximant w j

/ɣ/ is mainly heard in the Sangihé dialect.[7]

Vowels

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Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Mid e o
Open a
  • Vowels /i, e, a, o, u/ may also be heard as [ɪ, ɛ, ə, ɔ, ʊ] within syllables.
  • /ɨ/ can be heard as [ɨ], [ɯ], [ə].[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Sangir at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
    Sangil at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Chlenov, M. A. (1998). "Sangirtsy". In Tishkov, V. A. (ed.). Narody i religii mira: Entsiklopediya (in Russian). Moskva: Nauchnoye Izdatelstvo "Bolshaya Rossiyskaya Entsiklopediya". p. 468. ISBN 5-85270-155-6. OCLC 40821169.
  3. ^ Hayase, Shinzō (2007). Mindanao Ethnohistory Beyond Nations: Maguindanao, Sangir, and Bagobo Societies in East Maritime Southeast Asia. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-971-550-511-6. OCLC 154714449.
  4. ^ Sneddon, James N. (1984). Proto-Sangiric and the Sangiric languages. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. B-91. Canberra: Australian National University. p. 13. doi:10.15144/PL-B91. ISBN 0-85883-306-9. OCLC 11871135.
  5. ^ a b Mead, David, "Sangir", Sulawesi Language Alliance, archived from the original on 2023-01-17, retrieved 2023-01-17
  6. ^ Grimes, Charles E.; Grimes, Barbara D. (1994). "Languages of the North Moluccas: a preliminary lexicostatistic classification". In Masinambow, E.K.M. (ed.). Maluku dan Irian Jaya. Buletin LEKNAS. Vol. 3(1). Jakarta: LEKNAS-LIPI. pp. 35–63. OCLC 54222413.
  7. ^ Maryott, Kenneth R. (1986). "Pre-Sangir *l, *d, *r and Associated Phonemes". Notes on Linguistics. 34: 25–40.
  8. ^ Maryott, Kenneth R. (1977). "The Phonemes of Sarangani Sangiré". Studies in Philippine Linguistics. 1 (2): 264–279.

Further reading

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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangirese_language

One thought on “Cannabaceae”

  1. Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
    View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction

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