Rhabdopleurida Temporal range:
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Rhabdopleura normani | |
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Order: | Rhabdopleurida
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Family: | Rhabdopleuridae Allman, 1869[1]
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Rhabdopleurida is one of three orders in the class Pterobranchia, which are small, worm-shaped animals, are the only surviving graptolites. Members belong to the hemichordates.[2][3] Species in this order are sessile, colonial, connected with a stolon, living in clear water and secrete tubes called tubarium. They have a single gonad, the gill slits are absent and the collar has two tentaculated arms.[4] Rhabdopleura is the best studied pterobranch in developmental biology.[5] Rhabdopleura is the only extant graptolite.[6][7]
Taxonomy[edit]
This small order is monotypic. It has only a single extant genus, containing four to six living species.
Order Rhabdopleurida Fowler, 1892
- Family Rhabdopleuridae Harmer, 1905
- Genus Rhabdopleura Allman, 1869
- Rhabdopleura annulata Norman, 1921 — Indo-Pacific region
- Rhabdopleura compacta Hincks, 1880 — Atlantic
- Rhabdopleura normani Allmann, 1869 — Atlantic and parts of the Pacific
- Rhabdopleura recondita Beli, Cameron and Piraino, 2018 — Mediterranean
- Rhabdopleura striata Schepotieff, 1909 — Pacific (Sri Lanka)
- Genus Rhabdopleura Allman, 1869
- Rhabdopleura grimaldi Julien, 1890
- Rhabdopleura manubialis Jullien & Calvet, 1903
Extinct species:
- †Rhabdopleura delmari Mortelmans 1955
- †Rhabdopleura graysoni Chapman, Durman & Rickards, 1995
- †Rhabdopleura hollandi Rickards, Chapman & Temple, 1984
- †Rhabdopleura kozlowskii Kulicki, 1969
- †Rhabdopleura obuti Durman & Sennikov, 1993
- †Rhabdopleura sinica Chapman, Durman & Rickards, 1995
- †Rhabdopleura vistulae Kozlowski, 1956
References[edit]
- ^ Maletz, Jörg (2014). "The classification of the Pterobranchia (Cephalodiscida and Graptolithina)". Bulletin of Geosciences. 89 (3): 477–540. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1465. ISSN 1214-1119.
- ^ Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
- ^ Eol.org
- ^ Modern Text Book of Zoology: Invertebrates
- ^ Sato, A; Bishop JDD; Holland PWH (2008). "Developmental biology of pterobranch hemichordates: history and perspectives". Genesis. 46 (11): 587–91. doi:10.1002/dvg.20395. PMID 18798243.
- ^ Sato, A; Rickards, RB; Holland PWH (2008). "The origins of graptolites and other pterobranchs: a journey from 'Polyzoa'". Lethaia. 41 (4): 303–316. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00123.x.
- ^ Mitchell, Charles E.; Michael J. Melchin; Chris B. Cameron; Jörg Maletz (2012). "Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Rhabdopleura is an extant graptolite". Lethaia. 46: 34–56. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00319.x. ISSN 0024-1164.
- Marinespecies.org
- ITIS.gov
- Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction