The rai,[a] ngan,[b] and tarang wa or square wa[c] are customary Thai units of area, used in the measurement of land. They are defined as exactly 1,600, 400, and 4 square metres, respectively (17,222, 4,306, and 43 sq ft).[1]
The tarang wa (square wa, tarang meaning 'grid') is derived from the area of a square with sides of 1 wa (the Thai fathom). One ngan is equal to 100 square wa, and one rai ('field' or 'plantation') equals 4 ngan or 1 square sen.[1] The units were standardized in square metres when Thailand (then Siam) adopted the metric system in 1923,[2][3] although the Royal Survey Department was already reported in 1908 to be using the metre-based conversion for its cadastral maps.[4]
The units are commonly used for cadastre and property matters, and official and legal documents express areas of land in such units.[5] They are sometimes notated in the abbreviated format rai-ngan-tarang wa, e.g. "4-2-25 rai", which means "4 rai, 2 ngan, and 25 tarang wa", though this is discouraged by some government documents.[6]
Unit | Derivation | Relative | SI (or other metric) | US or UK customary |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tarang wa | Square wa | 4 m2 | 43 sq ft | |
Ngan | 100 tarang wa | 400 m2 | 4,306 sq ft | |
Rai | Square sen | 4 ngan or 400 tarang wa | 1,600 m2 (16 ares) | 17,222 sq ft (0.4 acres) |
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Commercial Directory for Thailand B.E. 2496-97 (1953-54) (in Thai and English). Department of Commercial Intelligence, Ministry of Economic Affairs. 1953. p. 3-11.
- ^ Bureau of Weights and Measures. "ประวัติการชั่งตวงวัดของประเทศไทย". In จรินทร สุทธนารักษ์; สาธิต ชูสุวรรณ (eds.). นานาสาระชั่งตวงวัด (PDF) (in Thai). Central Bureau of Weights and Measures.
- ^ "History of Weights and Measures in Thailand". Northern Weights and Measures Center. 2004. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020.
- ^ Wright, Arnold; Breakspear, Oliver T. (1908). Twentieth century impressions of Siam: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources, with which is incorporated an abridged edition of Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya. London [etc.] Lloyds Greater Britain Publishing Company, Ltd. p. 126.
- ^ สำนักงานบริหารโครงการพัฒนากรมที่ดิน และเร่งรัดการออกโฉนดที่ดินทั่วประเทศ (September 2011). "คำศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษด้านการที่ดิน (Terminology of the Department of Lands)" (PDF) (in Thai and English). Department of Lands. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ "คำสั่งจังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ที่ 1/2528 เรื่อง แก้ไข (เนื้อที่ รูปแผนที่ หรือเนื้อที่และรูปแผนที่) ในโฉนดที่ดิน" (PDF) (in Thai). Department of Interior. 1985. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
หมายเหตุ การเขียนเนื้อที่ 6 ไร่ 3 งาน 06 ตารางวา ไม่ควรเขียนเป็น 6-3-06 ไร่
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction