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The Beer Portal

Introduction

P:Beer

Beer is one of the oldest alcoholic drinks in the world, the most widely consumed, and the third most popular drink after water and tea. Beer is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also used. The fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the beer. Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilising agent. Other flavouring agents, such as gruit, herbs, or fruits, may be included or used instead of hops. In commercial brewing, natural carbonation is often replaced with forced carbonation.

Some of the earliest writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating it, and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, a recipe for it.

Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of modern beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (ABV).

Beer forms part of the culture of many nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as activities like pub crawling, pub quizzes, and pub games. (Full article...)

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A mug of mint kvass and its ingredients

Kvass is a fermented cereal-based low-alcoholic beverage of cloudy appearance and sweet-sour taste.

Kvass originates from northeastern Europe, where grain production was considered insufficient for beer to become a daily drink. The first written mention of kvass is found in Primary Chronicle, describing the celebration of Vladimir the Great's baptism in 996. In the traditional method, kvass is made from a mash obtained from rye bread or rye flour and malt soaked in hot water, fermented for about 12 hours with the help of sugar and bread yeast or baker's yeast at room temperature. In industrial methods, kvass is produced from wort concentrate combined with various grain mixtures. It is a popular drink in Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, some parts of Finland, Sweden, and China. (Full article...)

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History of beer Hops Lambic Oktoberfest Pub Yeast London Beer Flood Guinness Foreign Extra Stout Anheuser-Busch Barrel-aged beer Bouncer Draught beer Greene King Pabst Brewing Company Saison NoitulovE Saint Vincent Beer

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Lucky Buddha Beer bottle, showing distinctive shape

Lucky Buddha Beer (Chinese: 乐开啤酒) is a beer brewed and bottled at the Qiandao Lake, China. It was introduced in July 2010, and is made from malt, hops, rice and water from this region delivering an Asian style lager. The flavor is an earthy malt with citrus features with notes of lemon, grapefruit, wheat, honey that combines together for a crisp taste. (Full article...)

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Jim Patton (February 24, 1953—October 23, 2012) was an anthropologist and craft beer brewer. He was considered one of the pioneers in the craft beer brewing industry. He was one of the founders of the Abita Brewing Company in Abita Springs, Louisiana. He also brewed beer for Key West Brewery and Wynwood Brewing in Miami, Florida

Patton's first career was as a cultural anthropologist. He received a doctorate in the subject from Washington and Lee University. His specialty was Andean agricultural economics. Patton taught at Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana and Xavier University of Louisiana. He eventually quit those jobs to become a full-time brewer. (Full article...)

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... that Jaega Wise co-hosted the television series Beer Masters alongside musician James Blunt?
... that some online social and "Barstool conservatives" spent their Christmas holidays arguing about whether a beer promotional calendar was "demonic"?
... that the debate in "Game On" invokes the beer question?
... that Ein Samiya, which provides the water for Taybeh, the first beer brewed in Palestine, was depopulated in 2023 after harassment by neighboring Israeli settlers?
... that Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority general manager Phillip Eng brews his own beer?
... that Abeer Odeh was the first woman to serve as Minister of National Economy in Palestine?

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The O'Brien Brewing and Malting Company, also known as the Klondike Brewery, was a brewery founded by Thomas O'Brien in Klondike City, an adjoining settlement to Dawson City, Yukon Territory, Canada from 1904 to 1919. It was established during a period in which Dawson City was expected to become an important regional city, and used modern techniques and equipment imported from California. It was initially successful, selling 68,748 gallons of beer in 1905, but Dawson's population declined and growing temperance attitudes threatened the business. O'Brien sold the company in 1915, and in 1919 prohibition forced its closure. The brewery was abandoned, and the remains of the site are now owned by the Tr'ondek Hwech'in First Nation. (Full article...)

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A cross roads store, bar, juke joint, and gas station in Melrose, Louisiana, 1944

Credit: Marion Post Wolcott, Farm Security Administration, Office of War Information Collection, source loc.gov June 1940

"Frenchie's Bar", a cross roads store, bar, juke joint, and gas station in the cotton plantation area, Melrose, Louisiana. Sign on left building: Frenchies Beer Garden.

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General images

The following are images from various beer- and brewing-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Pasteur Street Brewing, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (from Craft beer)
Image 2A mash tun at the Bass Museum in Burton-upon-Trent (from Brewing)
Image 3Lauter tun (from Brewing)
Image 4Malted barley before kilning or roasting (from Brewing)
Image 5Bergenhus microbrewery, Bergen, Norway (from Craft beer)
Image 6A yard of ale at Jolly Brewery, Taiwan (from Craft beer)
Image 7Conditioning tanks at Anchor Brewing Company (from Brewing)
Image 8Hop cone grown in a hop field, Hallertau, Germany (from Brewing)
Image 9Robohop, a session IPA from Cervisiam in Oslo, Norway (from Craft beer)
Image 10A can of Juicy Ass IPA from Flying Monkeys Craft Brewery in Barrie, Ontario, Canada (from Craft beer)
Image 11A beer sommelier tapping a barrel for a taste at Nebraska Brewing Company (from Craft beer)
Image 12Yeast ring used by Swedish homebrewers in the 19th century to preserve the yeast between brewing sessions. (from History of beer)
Image 13Great Leap Brewing operates a chain of brewpubs in China (from Craft beer)
Image 14A funerary model of a bakery and brewery, from the Eleventh dynasty of Egypt, c. 2009–1998 BCE (from History of beer)
Image 15Microbreweries, regional breweries, and brew pubs per capita (from Craft beer)
Image 16Diatomaceous earth, used to create a filtration bed (from Brewing)
Image 17Modern closed fermentation vessels (from Brewing)
Image 18Philistine pottery beer jug (from History of beer)
Image 19Spent grain, a brewing by-product (from Brewing)
Image 20Cask ales with gravity dispense at a beer festival (from Brewing)
Image 21Dogo Beer from Minakuchi-shuzō microbrewery in Matsuyama, Japan (from Craft beer)
Image 22A growler of beer from Flounder Brewing, a nanobrewery in New Jersey, US (from Craft beer)
Image 23D. G. Yuengling & Son is the oldest operating brewing company in the US, established in 1829. It is also the largest craft brewer, and the 6th largest brewing company overall. (from Craft beer)
Image 24Spontaneous fermentation at Timmermans in Belgium (from Brewing)
Image 25Open vessels showing fermentation taking place (from Brewing)
Image 26World beer consumption per capita (from History of beer)
Image 27Traditional fermenting building (center) and modern fermenting building (left) in Pilsner Urquell Brewery (Czech Republic) (from History of beer)
Image 28Bottling beer in a modern facility, 1945, Australia (from History of beer)
Image 29A hydrometer measures beer's specific gravity (from History of beer)
Image 30Mexican craft beer from Tequixquiac in Zumpango Region (from Craft beer)
Image 31A 16th-century brewery (from Brewing)
Image 32Bill Urquhart at Litchborough Brewery (from Craft beer)
Image 33The Alulu beer receipt records a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BC from the Sumerian city of Umma in Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq). (from Brewing)
Image 34A replica of ancient Egyptian beer, brewed from emmer wheat by the Courage brewery in 1996 (from History of beer)
Image 35The Caledonian Brewery, founded in 1869, Edinburgh, Scotland (from History of beer)
Image 36Irish Craft Beer Festival, 2015 (from Craft beer)
Image 37Casks of real ale from British microbreweries at a beer festival (from Craft beer)
Image 38Gambrinus – king of beer (from History of beer)
Image 39Steamworks Brewing, Vancouver (from Craft beer)
Image 40Smoked beer from the Schlenkerla brewpub in Bamberg, Germany (from Craft beer)
Image 41Craft brewing at Allagash in Portland, Maine (from Craft beer)
Image 42Alulu beer receipt recording a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BCE, from the Sumerian city of Umma in ancient Iraq. (from History of beer)
Image 43Brew kettles at Brasserie La Choulette in France (from Brewing)
Image 44Castaña, a smoked beer with chestnuts from Cerex in Extremadura, Spain (from Craft beer)
Image 45A selection of French craft beers (from Craft beer)
Image 46Rock mortars in Raqefet Cave, used to make beer during the Stone Age. (from History of beer)
Image 47Põhjala Brewery, Estonia (from Craft beer)
Image 48Zoigl beers from the communal brewhouses of Oberpfalz in Germany (from Craft beer)
Image 49A 16th-century brewery (from History of beer)

Beer topics

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“

Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy.

”

— Ben Franklin

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Beer lists

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WikiProjects

WikiProject Beer is an association of Wikipedians with an interest in beer and beer-related subjects. They have come together to coordinate the development of beer and brewery articles here on Wikipedia. Additionally, other groups have formed other projects that entertain subjects that are directly related to beer, bartending and pubs. Additionally, the mixed drinks project covers topics that include beer cocktails. If any of these subjects pique your interest, please feel free to visit their projects. These groups would love to have you participate!

Parent project: WikiProject Food and Drink	view
Child projects:	Task forces: (All inactive)
Wikiproject Bacon (inactive) WikiProject Bartending (inactive) WikiProject Beer WikiProject Breakfast (inactive) WikiProject Fishing and Fisheries WikiProject Spirits (semi-active) Wikiproject Wine (inactive)	Beverages task force Cheeses task force Coffee and Tea task force Desserts task force Foodservice task force Herbs and Spices task force Pub task force
Related projects:
WikiProject Agriculture

Associated Wikimedia

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Beer and breweries by region
Africa	Cape Verde Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Morocco Nigeria South Africa Tanzania
Asia	Armenia Azerbaijan China Hong Kong Tibet India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Malaysia Myanmar North Korea Pakistan Palestine Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Thailand Turkey Vietnam
Europe	Albania Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany breweries Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Lithuania Moldova Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales
North America	Antigua Aruba Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Quebec Cayman Islands Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Puerto Rico Saint Lucia St. Vincent Trinidad United States breweries
South America	Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Venezuela
Oceania	Australia Fiji New Zealand
Alcohol preferences in Europe List of countries by beer consumption per capita List of microbreweries Beer portal