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Non-tax revenue or non-tax receipts are government revenue not generated from taxes. For example - bond issues and profits of state-owned companies.
Examples[edit]
- Aid from another level of government (intragovernmental aid); in the United States, federal grants may be considered non-tax revenue for the receiving states, and equalization payments
- Aid from abroad (foreign aid)
- Tribute or indemnities paid by a weaker state to a stronger one, often as a condition of peace after suffering military defeat. The war reparations paid by the defeated Central Powers after the First World War offer a well-known example.
- Loans, or other borrowing, from monetary funds and/or other governments
- Revenue from investment funds, sovereign wealth funds, or endowments,
- Revenue from sales of state-owned assets
- Revenue from profitable state-owned enterprises
- Rents, concessions, and royalties from private firms (often from leases for developing natural resources on public land)
- Fines collected and assets forfeited as a penalty. Examples include parking fines, court costs levied on criminal offenders, and civil forfeiture
- Fees for the granting regulates or issuance of permits or licenses. Examples include vehicle registration plate permits, vehicle registration fees, watercraft registration fees, building fees, driver's licenses, hunting and fishing licenses, fees for professional licensing, fees for visas or passports, fees for demolition, rezoning, and land grading (which causes silt), and sometimes for increasing stormwater runoff, destroying native vegetation, and cutting-down healthy trees.
- User fees collected in exchange for the use of many public services and facilities. Tolls charged for the use of toll roads are an example
- Donations and voluntary contributions to the state
The volatility of non-tax revenue[edit]
Non-tax revenues can fluctuate significantly from one year to another. Indeed, their value is correlated with changing economic circumstances, repayments and interest on loans may be renegotiated, a record fine in the field of competition can significantly vary the profits of fines and penalties. Moreover, some years are marked by exceptional events: for example, in France in 2012, the sale of "4G" radio frequencies resulted in the collection of nearly €1.3 billion in non-tax revenues.
References[edit]
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction