Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
NFKB1 Identifiers Aliases NFKB1 , EBP-1, KBF1, NF-kB1, NF-kappa-B, NF-kappaB, NFKB-p105, NFKB-p50, NFkappaB, p105, p50, CVID12, nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1, NF-kappa-B1, NF-kB, NF-kappabetaExternal IDs OMIM : 164011 ; MGI : 97312 ; HomoloGene : 2971 ; GeneCards : NFKB1 ; OMA :NFKB1 - orthologs Wikidata
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB1 gene .[5]
This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappaB (NF-κB ) protein complex. NF-κB is a transcription factor that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines , oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Activated NF-κB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions; over 200 known genes are targets of NF-κB in various cell types, under specific conditions. Inappropriate activation of NF-κB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NF-κB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth.[6]
NFKB1 has been shown to interact with:
BCL3 ,[7] [8] [9]
C22orf25 ,
HDAC1 ,[10]
HMGA2 [11]
IKK2 ,[7] [12]
ITGB3BP ,[13]
IκBα ,[14] [15]
LYL1 ,[16]
MAP3K7IP2 ,[17]
MAP3K8 ,[18] [19]
MEN1 ,[20]
NFKB2 ,[18]
NFKBIE ,[21]
NOTCH1 ,[22] [23]
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 ,[24] [25]
RELA ,[18] [26]
RELB ,[18]
STAT3 ,[27]
STAT6 ,[28] and
TSC22D3 .[29]
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109320 – Ensembl , May 2017
^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028163 – Ensembl , May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ Meyer R, Hatada EN, Hohmann HP, Haiker M, Bartsch C, Röthlisberger U, Lahm HW, Schlaeger EJ, van Loon AP, Scheidereit C (March 1991). "Cloning of the DNA-binding subunit of human nuclear factor kappa B: the level of its mRNA is strongly regulated by phorbol ester or tumor necrosis factor alpha" . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 88 (3): 966–70. Bibcode :1991PNAS...88..966M . doi :10.1073/pnas.88.3.966 . PMC 50935 . PMID 1992489 .
^ "Entrez Gene: NF-κB nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105)" .
^ a b Heissmeyer V, Krappmann D, Wulczyn FG, Scheidereit C (September 1999). "NF-kappaB p105 is a target of IkappaB kinases and controls signal induction of Bcl-3-p50 complexes" . EMBO J . 18 (17): 4766–78. doi :10.1093/emboj/18.17.4766 . PMC 1171549 . PMID 10469655 .
^ Thornburg NJ, Pathmanathan R, Raab-Traub N (December 2003). "Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB p50 homodimer/Bcl-3 complexes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Cancer Res . 63 (23): 8293–301. PMID 14678988 .
^ Naumann M, Wulczyn FG, Scheidereit C (January 1993). "The NF-kappa B precursor p105 and the proto-oncogene product Bcl-3 are I kappa B molecules and control nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B" . EMBO J . 12 (1): 213–22. doi :10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05647.x . PMC 413194 . PMID 8428580 .
^ Zhong H, May MJ, Jimi E, Ghosh S (March 2002). "The phosphorylation status of nuclear NF-kappa B determines its association with CBP/p300 or HDAC-1" . Mol. Cell . 9 (3): 625–36. doi :10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00477-x . PMID 11931769 .
^ Noro B, Licheri B, Sgarra R, Rustighi A, Tessari MA, Chau KY, Ono SJ, Giancotti V, Manfioletti G (April 2003). "Molecular dissection of the architectural transcription factor HMGA2". Biochemistry . 42 (15): 4569–77. doi :10.1021/bi026605k . PMID 12693954 . S2CID 39605320 .
^ Heissmeyer V, Krappmann D, Hatada EN, Scheidereit C (February 2001). "Shared pathways of IkappaB kinase-induced SCF(betaTrCP)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation for the NF-kappaB precursor p105 and IkappaBalpha" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 21 (4): 1024–35. doi :10.1128/MCB.21.4.1024-1035.2001 . PMC 99557 . PMID 11158290 .
^ Besta F, Massberg S, Brand K, Müller E, Page S, Grüner S, Lorenz M, Sadoul K, Kolanus W, Lengyel E, Gawaz M (October 2002). "Role of beta(3)-endonexin in the regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor" . J. Cell Sci . 115 (Pt 20): 3879–88. doi :10.1242/jcs.00081 . PMID 12244126 .
^ Hay DC, Kemp GD, Dargemont C, Hay RT (May 2001). "Interaction between hnRNPA1 and IkappaBalpha is required for maximal activation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 21 (10): 3482–90. doi :10.1128/MCB.21.10.3482-3490.2001 . PMC 100270 . PMID 11313474 .
^ Malek S, Huxford T, Ghosh G (September 1998). "Ikappa Balpha functions through direct contacts with the nuclear localization signals and the DNA binding sequences of NF-kappaB" . J. Biol. Chem . 273 (39): 25427–35. doi :10.1074/jbc.273.39.25427 . PMID 9738011 .
^ Ferrier R, Nougarede R, Doucet S, Kahn-Perles B, Imbert J, Mathieu-Mahul D (January 1999). "Physical interaction of the bHLH LYL1 protein and NF-kappaB1 p105" . Oncogene . 18 (4): 995–1005. doi :10.1038/sj.onc.1202374 . PMID 10023675 .
^ Baek SH, Ohgi KA, Rose DW, Koo EH, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG (July 2002). "Exchange of N-CoR corepressor and Tip60 coactivator complexes links gene expression by NF-kappaB and beta-amyloid precursor protein" . Cell . 110 (1): 55–67. doi :10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00809-7 . PMID 12150997 . S2CID 17679498 .
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^ Belich MP, Salmerón A, Johnston LH, Ley SC (January 1999). "TPL-2 kinase regulates the proteolysis of the NF-kappaB-inhibitory protein NF-kappaB1 p105". Nature . 397 (6717): 363–8. Bibcode :1999Natur.397..363B . doi :10.1038/16946 . PMID 9950430 . S2CID 4391108 .
^ Heppner C, Bilimoria KY, Agarwal SK, Kester M, Whitty LJ, Guru SC, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Marx SJ, Burns AL (August 2001). "The tumor suppressor protein menin interacts with NF-kappaB proteins and inhibits NF-kappaB-mediated transactivation" . Oncogene . 20 (36): 4917–25. doi :10.1038/sj.onc.1204529 . PMID 11526476 .
^ Li Z, Nabel GJ (October 1997). "A new member of the I kappaB protein family, I kappaB epsilon, inhibits RelA (p65)-mediated NF-kappaB transcription" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 17 (10): 6184–90. doi :10.1128/mcb.17.10.6184 . PMC 232469 . PMID 9315679 .
^ Guan E, Wang J, Laborda J, Norcross M, Baeuerle PA, Hoffman T (May 1996). "T cell leukemia-associated human Notch/translocation-associated Notch homologue has I kappa B-like activity and physically interacts with nuclear factor-kappa B proteins in T cells" . J. Exp. Med . 183 (5): 2025–32. doi :10.1084/jem.183.5.2025 . PMC 2192574 . PMID 8642313 .
^ Wang J, Shelly L, Miele L, Boykins R, Norcross MA, Guan E (July 2001). "Human Notch-1 inhibits NF-kappa B activity in the nucleus through a direct interaction involving a novel domain" . J. Immunol . 167 (1): 289–95. doi :10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.289 . PMID 11418662 .
^ Lee SK, Na SY, Jung SY, Choi JE, Jhun BH, Cheong J, Meltzer PS, Lee YC, Lee JW (June 2000). "Activating protein-1, nuclear factor-kappaB, and serum response factor as novel target molecules of the cancer-amplified transcription coactivator ASC-2" . Mol. Endocrinol . 14 (6): 915–25. doi :10.1210/mend.14.6.0471 . PMID 10847592 .
^ Na SY, Lee SK, Han SJ, Choi HS, Im SY, Lee JW (May 1998). "Steroid receptor coactivator-1 interacts with the p50 subunit and coactivates nuclear factor kappaB-mediated transactivations" . J. Biol. Chem . 273 (18): 10831–4. doi :10.1074/jbc.273.18.10831 . PMID 9556555 .
^ Palvimo JJ, Reinikainen P, Ikonen T, Kallio PJ, Moilanen A, Jänne OA (September 1996). "Mutual transcriptional interference between RelA and androgen receptor" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (39): 24151–6. doi :10.1074/jbc.271.39.24151 . PMID 8798655 .
^ Yu Z, Zhang W, Kone BC (October 2002). "Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibits transcription of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene by interacting with nuclear factor kappaB" . Biochem. J . 367 (Pt 1): 97–105. doi :10.1042/BJ20020588 . PMC 1222853 . PMID 12057007 .
^ Shen CH, Stavnezer J (June 1998). "Interaction of stat6 and NF-kappaB: direct association and synergistic activation of interleukin-4-induced transcription" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 18 (6): 3395–404. doi :10.1128/mcb.18.6.3395 . PMC 108921 . PMID 9584180 .
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PDB gallery
1bfs : STRUCTURE OF NF-KB P50 HOMODIMER BOUND TO A KB SITE
1ikn : IKAPPABALPHA/NF-KAPPAB COMPLEX
1le5 : Crystal structure of a NF-kB heterodimer bound to an IFNb-kB
1le9 : Crystal structure of a NF-kB heterodimer bound to the Ig/HIV-kB siti
1lei : The kB DNA sequence from the HLV-LTR functions as an allosteric regulator of HIV transcription
1nfi : I-KAPPA-B-ALPHA/NF-KAPPA-B COMPLEX
1nfk : STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B (NF-KB) P50 HOMODIMER
1ooa : CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NF-kB(p50)2 COMPLEXED TO A HIGH-AFFINITY RNA APTAMER
1svc : NFKB P50 HOMODIMER BOUND TO DNA
1u36 : Crystal structure of WLAC mutant of dimerisation domain of NF-kB p50 transcription factor
1u3j : Crystal structure of MLAV mutant of dimerisation domain of NF-kB p50 transcription factor
1u3y : Crystal structure of ILAC mutant of dimerisation domain of NF-kB p50 transcription factor
1u3z : Crystal structure of MLAC mutant of dimerisation domain of NF-kB p50 transcription factor
1u41 : Crystal structure of YLGV mutant of dimerisation domain of NF-kB p50 transcription factor
1u42 : Crystal structure of MLAM mutant of dimerisation domain of NF-kB p50 transcription factor
1vkx : CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE NFKB P50/P65 HETERODIMER COMPLEXED TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN KB DNA
2dbf : Solution structure of the Death domain in human Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
2i9t : Structure of NF-kB p65-p50 heterodimer bound to PRDII element of B-interferon promoter
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP )(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH )
Group A Group B Group C bHLH-PAS Group D Group E Group F bHLH-COE
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP (1.4) NF-1 (1.5) RF-X (1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4 )
subfamily 1 subfamily 2 subfamily 3 subfamily 4 subfamily 5 subfamily 6 subfamily 0
(2.2) Other Cys4 (2.3) Cys2 His2 (2.4) Cys6 (2.5) Alternating composition (2.6) WRKY
(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts
(0) Other transcription factors
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine , which is in the public domain .
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction