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The GAFFers
Official group portrait
The Astronauts of Group 12
Year selected1987
Number selected15
← 1985
1990 →

NASA Astronaut Group 12 (the GAFFers) was a group of 15 astronauts announced by NASA on June 5, 1987.[1]

Group members[edit]

Pilots[edit]

STS-46 Atlantis — July 1992 — Pilot — Deployment of EURECA and Tethered Satellite System (TSS)[3]
STS-62 Columbia — March 1994 — Pilot — Microgravity experiments[4]
STS-75 Columbia — February 1996 — Commander — Tethered Satellite System reflight, lost due to broken tether[5]
STS-50 Columbia — June 1992 — Pilot — Spacelab mission[7]
STS-61 Endeavour — December 1993 — Pilot — First Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission[8]
STS-73 Columbia — October 1995 — Commander — Spacelab mission[9]
STS-82 Discovery — February 1997 — Commander — Second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission[10]
STS-113 Endeavour — November 2002 — Mission Specialist 3 (launched only) — ISS assembly flight 11A: P1 truss, crew rotation[11]
ISS Expedition 6 — November 2002–May 2003 — ISS Commander[11]
Soyuz TMA-1 — May 2003 — Flight Engineer (landed only) — ISS crew rotation[12]
STS-47 Endeavour — September 1992 — Pilot — Spacelab-J, Japan-funded Spacelab mission[14]
STS-66 Atlantis — November 1994 — Pilot — ATLAS-3 science platform experiments[15]
STS-77 Endeavour — May 1996 — Pilot — SPACEHAB, SPARTAN[16]
STS-85 Discovery — August 1997 — Commander — Deployed and retrieved CRISTA-SPAS[17]
STS-95 Discovery — October 1998 — Commander — SPACEHAB[18]
STS-103 Discovery — December 1999 — Commander — Third Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission[19]
STS-49 Endeavour — May 1992 — Pilot — Intelsat VI hand-retrieval and repair[21]
STS-59 Endeavour — April 1994 — Pilot — Experiments aboard Shuttle Radar Laboratory-1[22]
STS-76 Atlantis — March 1996 — Commander — Third Shuttle-Mir docking[23]
STS-39 Discovery — April 1991 — Mission Specialist 4 — First unclassified DoD mission, military science experiments[25]
STS-54 Endeavour — January 1993 — Pilot – Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-F) deployment[26]
STS-66 Atlantis — November 1994 — Commander — ATLAS-3 science platform experiments[15]
STS-42 Discovery — January 1992 — Mission Specialist 3 — Spacelab mission[28]
STS-51 Discovery — September 1993 — Pilot — ACTS satellite deployment, SPAS-ORFEUS deployment and retrieval[29]
STS-79 Atlantis — September 1996 — Commander — Fourth Shuttle-Mir docking[30]
STS-48 Discovery — September 1991 — Pilot — Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite deployment[32]
STS-60 Discovery — February 1994 — Pilot — SPACEHAB, Wake Shield Facility[33]

Mission specialists[edit]

STS-41 Discovery — October 1990 — Mission Specialist 3 — Ulysses/Inertial Upper Stage solar probe deployment[35]
STS-49 Endeavour — May 1992 — Mission Specialist 4 — Intelsat VI hand-retrieval and repair[21]
STS-61 Endeavour — December 1993 — Mission Specialist 5 — First Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission[8]
STS-79 Atlantis — September 1996 — Mission Specialist 1 — Fourth Shuttle-Mir docking[30]
STS-47 Endeavour — September 1992 — Mission Specialist 2 — Spacelab-J, Japan-funded Spacelab mission[14]
STS-60 Discovery — February 1994 — Mission Specialist 1 — SPACEHAB, Wake Shield Facility[33]
STS-85 Discovery — August 1997 — Payload Commander — Deployed and retrieved CRISTA-SPAS[17]
STS-45 Atlantis — March 1992 — Mission Specialist 3 — ATLAS-1 science platform[38]
STS-56 Discovery — April 1993 — Mission Specialist 1 — ATLAS-2 science platform[39]
STS-63 Discovery — February 1995 — Mission Specialist 1 — First Shuttle-Mir rendezvous, SPACEHAB[40]
STS-84 Atlantis — May 1997 — Mission Specialist 5 (launched only) — Sixth Shuttle-Mir docking[41]
Mir EO-23/Mir EO-24 — May 1997–October 1997 — Flight Engineer 2[41]
STS-86 Atlantis — October 1997 — Mission Specialist 5 (landed only) — Seventh Shuttle-Mir docking[42]
STS-103 Discovery — December 1999 — Mission Specialist 3 — Third Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission[19]
Soyuz TMA-3 — October 2003–April 2004 — Flight Engineer — ISS crew rotation[43]
ISS Expedition 8 — October 2003–April 2004 — ISS Commander[43]
STS-39 Discovery — April 1991 — Mission Specialist 2 — First unclassified DoD mission, military science experiments[25]
STS-54 Endeavour — January 1993 — Mission Specialist 2 – Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-F) deployment[26]
STS-71 Atlantis — June 1995 — Mission Specialist 1 — First Shuttle-Mir docking[45]
STS-82 Discovery — February 1997 — Mission Specialist 3 — Second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission[10]
STS-47 Endeavour — September 1992 — Mission Specialist 4 — Spacelab-J, Japan-funded Spacelab mission[14]
STS-41 Discovery — October 1990 — Mission Specialist 1 — Ulysses/Inertial Upper Stage solar probe deployment[35]
STS-49 Endeavour — May 1992 — Mission Specialist 2 — Intelsat VI hand-retrieval and repair[21]
STS-44 Atlantis — November 1991 — Mission Specialist 2 — DSP satellite deployment[49]
STS-54 Endeavour — January 1993 — Mission Specialist 1 – Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-F) deployment[26]
STS-77 Endeavour — May 1996 — Mission Specialist 3 — SPACEHAB, SPARTAN[16]
STS-44 Atlantis — November 1991 — Mission Specialist 3 — DSP satellite deployment[49]
STS-53 Discovery — December 1992 — Mission Specialist 2 — Partially classified 10th and final DoD mission, likely deployment of SDS2 satellite[51]
STS-69 Endeavour — September 1995 — Mission Specialist 1 — Wake Shield Facility, SPARTAN[52]
STS-101 Atlantis — May 2000 — Mission Specialist 3 — ISS supply[53]
STS-102 Discovery — March 2001 — Mission Specialist 4 (launched only) — ISS supply and crew rotation[54]
ISS Expedition 2 — March 2001–August 2001 — Flight Engineer 2[55]
STS-105 Discovery — August 2001 — Mission Specialist 4 (landed only) — ISS supply and crew rotation[56][57]

Further information[edit]

The group's informal nickname is an acronym for "George Abbey Final Fifteen".[58] Of this group, Mae Jemison would become the first female African-American in space,[59] Bruce Melnick the first Coast Guard aviator in space,[60] while Michael Foale would fly aboard the Mir space station.[37] At the time of the Columbia accident in 2003, William Readdy was Associate Administrator for Space Flight[27] and Kenneth Bowersox was commanding the Expedition 6 crew on the ISS.[6] Chilton, after leaving NASA, became the first NASA astronaut to become a General in the U.S. Air Force[61] (Lt. Gen. Thomas Stafford, USAF,[62] and VADM Richard Truly, USN[63] were three-star officers) and was commander of U.S. Strategic Command from October 2007 until January 2011.[61]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Nesbitt, Steve (5 June 1987). "87-028: NASA Selects 15 New Astronaut Candidates" (PDF). NASA News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  2. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (September 2004). "Andrew M. Allen" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  3. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (31 March 2010). "STS-46". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  4. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (1 April 2010). "STS-62". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  5. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-75". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  6. ^ a b Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (October 2019). "Kenneth D. Bowersox" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  8. ^ a b Ryba, Jeanne (31 March 2010). "STS-61". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  9. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (1 April 2010). "STS-73". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  10. ^ a b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-82". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  11. ^ a b Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; Petty, John Ira (23 November 2002). "STS-113 Mission Control Center Status Report #1". Johnson News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  12. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; Petty, John Ira (4 May 2003). "International Space Station Status Report #03-21". Johnson News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  13. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 2007). "Curtis L. Brown, Jr" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  15. ^ a b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-66". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  16. ^ a b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-77". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  17. ^ a b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-85". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  19. ^ a b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-103". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  20. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (March 2008). "Kevin P. Chilton" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  22. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-59". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  23. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-76". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  24. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (August 1998). "Donald R. McMonagle" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  31. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (August 2008). "Kenneth S. Reightler, Jr" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  36. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (January 2006). "N. Jan Davis" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  47. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 2010). "Bruce E. Melnick" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  51. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (31 March 2010). "STS-53". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  52. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (1 April 2010). "STS-69". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  53. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-101". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  54. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-102". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  55. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; Petty, John Ira (22 August 2001). "STS-102 Mission Control Center Status Report #1". Johnson News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  56. ^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-105". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  58. ^ Ross, Jerry L.; Norberg, John (2013). Spacewalker: My Journey in Space and Faith as NASA's Record-setting Frequent Flyer. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. p. 84. ISBN 9781557536310.
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  60. ^ "CDR Bruce Melnick – First Coast Guard Astronaut". The History of Coast Guard Aviation. Coast Guard Aviation Association. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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  62. ^ "Lieutenant General Thomas P. Stafford". af.mil. United States Air Force. November 1979. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
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External links[edit]

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12

One thought on “Cannabaceae”

  1. Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
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