Melting point[edit]
In the following table, the use row is the value recommended for use in other Wikipedia pages in order to maintain consistency across content.
Reference | Kelvin | Celsius | Fahrenheit | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 H hydrogen (H2) | ||||
use | 13.99 K | −259.16 °C | −434.49 °F | |
WEL | 14.01 K | −259.14 °C | −434.45 °F | |
CRC | −259.16 °C | |||
LNG | −259.35 °C | |||
2 He helium | ||||
use | 0 K | −273.15 °C | −459.67 °F | hcp crystal melting to He-II superfluid at 25.00 atm |
1.463 K | −271.687 °C | −457.037 °F | triple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 26.036 atm | |
1.762 K | −271.388 °C | −456.498 °F | triple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 29.725 atm | |
1.772 K | −271.378 °C | −456.480 °F | triple point hcp−He-II−He-I at 30.016 atm | |
WEL | 0.95 K | −272.2 °C | −458 °F | |
LNG | −272.15 °C | (at 25 atm) | ||
§ Hoffer et al. | 0 K | −273.15 °C | −459.67 °F | hcp crystal melting to He-II superfluid at 25.00 atm |
1.463 K | −271.687 °C | −457.037 °F | triple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 26.036 atm | |
1.762 K | −271.388 °C | −456.498 °F | triple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 29.725 atm | |
1.772 K | −271.378 °C | −456.480 °F | triple point hcp−He-II−He-I at 30.016 atm | |
3 Li lithium | ||||
use | 453.65 K | 180.50 °C | 356.90 °F | |
WEL | 453.69 K | 180.54 °C | 356.97 °F | |
CRC | 180.50 °C | |||
LNG | 180.54 °C | |||
4 Be beryllium | ||||
use | 1560 K | 1287 °C | 2349 °F | |
WEL | 1560 K | 1287 °C | 2349 °F | |
CRC | 1287 °C | |||
LNG | 1287 °C | |||
5 B boron | ||||
use | 2349 K | 2076 °C | 3769 °F | |
WEL | 2349 K | 2076 °C | 3769 °F | |
CRC | 2075 °C | |||
LNG | 2076 °C | |||
6 C carbon (graphite) | ||||
use | ||||
WEL | ? (3800 K) | ? (3527 °C) | ? (6381 °F) | |
CRC | tp 4489 °C | (at 10.3 MPa) | ||
LNG | subl. (3915–4020) °C | |||
6 C carbon (diamond) | ||||
use | ||||
WEL | ? (3800 K) | ? (3527 °C) | ? (6381 °F) | |
CRC | 4440 °C | (at 12.4 GPa) | ||
LNG | 3500 °C | (at 63.5 atm) | ||
7 N nitrogen (N2) | ||||
use | 63.15 K | −210.00 °C | −346.00 °F | |
WEL | 63.05 K | −210.1 °C | −346.18 °F | |
CRC | −210.00 °C | |||
LNG | −210.01 °C | |||
8 O oxygen (O2) | ||||
use | 54.36 K | −218.79 °C | −361.82 °F | |
WEL | 54.8 K | −218.3 °C | −360.9 °F | |
CRC | −218.79 °C | |||
LNG | −218.4 °C | |||
9 F fluorine (F2) | ||||
use | 53.48 K | −219.67 °C | −363.41 °F | |
WEL | 53.53 K | −219.62 °C | −363.32 °F | |
CRC | tp −219.67 °C | |||
LNG | −219.61 °C | |||
10 Ne neon | ||||
use | 24.56 K | −248.59 °C | −415.46 °F | |
WEL | 24.56 K | −248.59 °C | −415.46 °F | |
CRC | −248.59 °C | |||
LNG | −248.67 °C | |||
11 Na sodium | ||||
use | 370.944 K | 97.794 °C | 207.9 °F | |
WEL | 370.87 K | 97.72 °C | 207.9 °F | |
CRC | 97.794 °C | |||
LNG | 97.82 °C | |||
12 Mg magnesium | ||||
use | 923 K | 650 °C | 1202 °F | |
WEL | 923 K | 650 °C | 1202 °F | |
CRC | 650 °C | |||
LNG | 651 °C | |||
13 Al aluminium | ||||
use | 933.47 K | 660.32 °C | 1220.58 °F | |
WEL | 933.47 K | 660.32 °C | 1220.58 °F | |
CRC | 660.32 °C | |||
LNG | 660.323 °C | |||
freezing point 933.473 K (660.323 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | ||||
14 Si silicon | ||||
use | 1687 K | 1414 °C | 2577 °F | |
WEL | 1687 K | 1414 °C | 2577 °F | |
CRC | 1414 °C | |||
LNG | 1412 °C | |||
15 P phosphorus (white) | ||||
use | 317.30 K | 44.15 °C | 111.47 °F | |
WEL | 317.3 K | 44.2 °C | 111.6 °F | |
CRC | 44.15 °C | |||
LNG | 44.15 °C | |||
15 P phosphorus (red) | ||||
use | 870 K | 597 °C | 1107 °F | |
CRC | tp 590 °C | |||
LNG | 597 °C | |||
15 P phosphorus (black) | ||||
use | 883 K | 610 °C | 1130 °F | |
CRC | 610 °C | |||
LNG | ||||
16 S sulfur (orthorhombic, alpha) | ||||
use | 368.4 K | 95.3 °C | 203.5 °F | (trans. to beta) |
CRC | 95.3 °C | (trans. to mono) | ||
LNG | 94.5 °C | (trans. to beta) | ||
16 S sulfur (monoclinic, beta, trans. slowly to alpha) | ||||
use | 388.36 K | 115.21 °C | 239.38 °F | |
WEL | 388.36 K | 115.21 °C | 239.38 °F | |
CRC | 119.6 °C | |||
LNG | 115.21 °C | |||
16 S sulfur (gamma) | ||||
use | 380.0 K | 106.8 °C | 224.2 °F | |
LNG | 106.8 °C | |||
17 Cl chlorine (Cl2) | ||||
use | 171.6 K | −101.5 °C | −150.7 °F | |
WEL | 171.6 K | −101.5 °C | −150.7 °F | |
CRC | −101.5 °C | |||
LNG | −101.5 °C | |||
18 Ar argon | ||||
use | 83.81 K | −189.34 °C | −308.81 °F | |
WEL | 83.8 K | −189.3 °C | −308.7 °F | |
CRC | −189.34 °C | |||
LNG | −189.38 °C | |||
19 K potassium | ||||
use | 336.7 K | 63.5 °C | 146.3 °F | |
WEL | 336.53 K | 63.38 °C | 146.08 °F | |
CRC | 63.5 °C | |||
LNG | 63.38 °C | |||
20 Ca calcium | ||||
use | 1115 K | 842 °C | 1548 °F | |
WEL | 1115 K | 842 °C | 1548 °F | |
CRC | 842 °C | |||
LNG | 842 °C | |||
21 Sc scandium | ||||
use | 1814 K | 1541 °C | 2806 °F | |
WEL | 1814 K | 1541 °C | 2806 °F | |
CRC | 1541 °C | |||
LNG | 1541 °C | |||
22 Ti titanium (hexagonal) | ||||
use | 1941 K | 1668 °C | 3034 °F | |
WEL | 1941 K | 1668 °C | 3034 °F | |
CRC | 1668 °C | |||
LNG | 1668 °C | |||
23 V vanadium | ||||
use | 2183 K | 1910 °C | 3470 °F | |
WEL | 2183 K | 1910 °C | 3470 °F | |
CRC | 1910 °C | |||
LNG | 1917 °C | |||
24 Cr chromium | ||||
use | 2180 K | 1907 °C | 3465 °F | |
WEL | 2180 K | 1907 °C | 3465 °F | |
CRC | 1907 °C | |||
LNG | 1907 °C | |||
25 Mn manganese | ||||
use | 1519 K | 1246 °C | 2275 °F | |
WEL | 1519 K | 1246 °C | 2275 °F | |
CRC | 1246 °C | |||
LNG | 1244 °C | (face-centered tetragonal) | ||
26 Fe iron | ||||
use | 1811 K | 1538 °C | 2800 °F | |
WEL | 1811 K | 1538 °C | 2800 °F | |
CRC | 1538 °C | |||
LNG | 1535 °C | |||
27 Co cobalt | ||||
use | 1768 K | 1495 °C | 2723 °F | |
WEL | 1768 K | 1495 °C | 2723 °F | |
CRC | 1495 °C | |||
LNG | 1494 °C | |||
28 Ni nickel | ||||
use | 1728 K | 1455 °C | 2651 °F | |
WEL | 1728 K | 1455 °C | 2651 °F | |
CRC | 1455 °C | |||
LNG | 1453 °C | |||
29 Cu copper | ||||
use | 1357.77 K | 1084.62 °C | 1984.32 °F | |
WEL | 1357.77 K | 1084.62 °C | 1984.32 °F | |
CRC | 1084.62 °C | |||
LNG | 1084.62 °C | |||
freezing point 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | ||||
30 Zn zinc | ||||
use | 692.68 K | 419.53 °C | 787.15 °F | |
WEL | 692.68 K | 419.53 °C | 787.15 °F | |
CRC | 419.53 °C | |||
LNG | 419.527 °C | |||
freezing point 692.677 K (419.527 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | ||||
31 Ga gallium | ||||
use | 302.9146 K | 29.7646 °C | 85.5763 °F | |
WEL | 302.91 K | 29.76 °C | 85.57 °F | |
CRC | tp 29.771 °C | |||
LNG | 29.7646 °C | |||
melting point 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | ||||
32 Ge germanium | ||||
use | 1211.40 K | 938.25 °C | 1720.85 °F | |
WEL | 1211.4 K | 938.3 °C | 1720.9 °F | |
CRC | 938.25 °C | |||
LNG | 937.3 °C | |||
33 As arsenic | ||||
use | 1090 K | 817 °C | 1503 °F | |
WEL | 1090 K | 817 °C | 1503 °F | |
CRC | tp 817 °C | (at 3.70 MPa) | ||
LNG | 817 °C | |||
34 Se selenium (hexagonal, gray) | ||||
use | 494 K | 221 °C | 430 °F | |
WEL | 494 K | 221 °C | 430 °F | |
CRC | 220.5 °C | |||
LNG | 217 °C | |||
34 Se selenium (vitreous) | ||||
use | 453 K | 180 °C | 356 °F | (trans. to gray) |
CRC | 180 °C | (trans. to gray) | ||
35 Br bromine (Br2) | ||||
use | 265.8 K | −7.3 °C | 19 °F | |
WEL | 265.8 K | −7.3 °C | 19 °F | |
CRC | −7.2 °C | |||
LNG | −7.25 °C | |||
36 Kr krypton | ||||
use | 115.78 K | −157.37 °C | −251.27 °F | |
WEL | 115.79 K | −157.37 °C | −251.25 °F | |
CRC | tp −157.38 °C | (at 73.2 kPa) | ||
LNG | −157.36 °C | |||
37 Rb rubidium | ||||
use | 312.45 K | 39.30 °C | 102.74 °F | |
WEL | 312.46 K | 39.31 °C | 102.76 °F | |
CRC | 39.30 °C | |||
LNG | 39.31 °C | |||
38 Sr strontium | ||||
use | 1050 K | 777 °C | 1431 °F | |
WEL | 1050 K | 777 °C | 1431 °F | |
CRC | 777 °C | |||
LNG | 757 °C | |||
39 Y yttrium | ||||
use | 1799 K | 1526 °C | 2779 °F | |
WEL | 1799 K | 1526 °C | 2779 °F | |
CRC | 1522 °C | |||
LNG | 1522 °C | |||
40 Zr zirconium | ||||
use | 2128 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F | |
WEL | 2128 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F | |
CRC | 1855 °C | |||
LNG | 1852 °C | |||
41 Nb niobium | ||||
use | 2750 K | 2477 °C | 4491 °F | |
WEL | 2750 K | 2477 °C | 4491 °F | |
CRC | 2477 °C | |||
LNG | 2468 °C | |||
42 Mo molybdenum | ||||
use | 2896 K | 2623 °C | 4753 °F | |
WEL | 2896 K | 2623 °C | 4753 °F | |
CRC | 2623 °C | |||
LNG | 2622 °C | |||
43 Tc technetium (Tc-98 ?) | ||||
use | 2430 K | 2157 °C | 3915 °F | |
WEL | 2430 K | 2157 °C | 3915 °F | |
CRC | 2157 °C | |||
LNG | 2157 °C | (Tc-98) | ||
44 Ru ruthenium | ||||
use | 2607 K | 2334 °C | 4233 °F | |
WEL | 2607 K | 2334 °C | 4233 °F | |
CRC | 2334 °C | |||
LNG | 2334 °C | |||
45 Rh rhodium | ||||
use | 2237 K | 1964 °C | 3567 °F | |
WEL | 2237 K | 1964 °C | 3567 °F | |
CRC | 1964 °C | |||
LNG | 1963 °C | |||
46 Pd palladium | ||||
use | 1828.05 K | 1554.9 °C | 2830.82 °F | |
WEL | 1828.05 K | 1554.9 °C | 2830.82 °F | |
CRC | 1554.9 °C | |||
LNG | 1555 °C | |||
47 Ag silver | ||||
use | 1234.93 K | 961.78 °C | 1763.2 °F | |
WEL | 1234.93 K | 961.78 °C | 1763.2 °F | |
CRC | 961.78 °C | |||
LNG | 961.78 °C | |||
freezing point 1234.93 K (961.78 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | ||||
48 Cd cadmium | ||||
use | 594.22 K | 321.07 °C | 609.93 °F | |
WEL | 594.22 K | 321.07 °C | 609.93 °F | |
CRC | 321.07 °C | |||
LNG | 321 °C | |||
49 In indium | ||||
use | 429.75 K | 156.60 °C | 313.88 °F | |
WEL | 429.75 K | 156.6 °C | 313.88 °F | |
CRC | 156.60 °C | |||
LNG | 156.60 °C | |||
freezing point 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | ||||
50 Sn tin (white) | ||||
use | 505.08 K | 231.93 °C | 449.47 °F | |
WEL | 505.08 K | 231.93 °C | 449.47 °F | |
CRC | 231.93 °C | |||
LNG | 231.928 °C | |||
freezing point 505.078 K (231.928 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | ||||
51 Sb antimony | ||||
use | 903.78 K | 630.63 °C | 1167.13 °F | |
WEL | 903.78 K | 630.63 °C | 1167.13 °F | |
CRC | 630.63 °C | |||
LNG | 630.7 °C | |||
52 Te tellurium | ||||
use | 722.66 K | 449.51 °C | 841.12 °F | |
WEL | 722.66 K | 449.51 °C | 841.12 °F | |
CRC | 449.51 °C | |||
LNG | 449.8 °C | |||
53 I iodine (I2) | ||||
use | 386.85 K | 113.7 °C | 236.66 °F | |
WEL | 386.85 K | 113.7 °C | 236.66 °F | |
CRC | 113.7 °C | |||
LNG | 113.60 °C | |||
54 Xe xenon | ||||
use | 161.40 K | −111.75 °C | −169.15 °F | |
WEL | 161.4 K | −111.7 °C | −169.1 °F | |
CRC | tp −111.795 °C | (at 81.6 kPa) | ||
LNG | −111.8 °C | |||
55 Cs caesium | ||||
use | 301.7 K | 28.5 °C | 83.3 °F | |
WEL | 301.59 K | 28.44 °C | 83.19 °F | |
CRC | 28.5 °C | |||
LNG | 28.44 °C | |||
56 Ba barium | ||||
use | 1000 K | 727 °C | 1341 °F | |
WEL | 1000 K | 727 °C | 1341 °F | |
CRC | 727 °C | |||
LNG | 726.9 °C | |||
57 La lanthanum | ||||
use | 1193 K | 920 °C | 1688 °F | |
WEL | 1193 K | 920 °C | 1688 °F | |
CRC | 918 °C | |||
LNG | 920 °C | |||
58 Ce cerium | ||||
use | 1068 K | 795 °C | 1463 °F | |
WEL | 1068 K | 795 °C | 1463 °F | |
CRC | 798 °C | |||
LNG | 795 °C | |||
59 Pr praseodymium | ||||
use | 1208 K | 935 °C | 1715 °F | |
WEL | 1208 K | 935 °C | 1715 °F | |
CRC | 931 °C | |||
LNG | 935 °C | |||
60 Nd neodymium | ||||
use | 1297 K | 1024 °C | 1875 °F | |
WEL | 1297 K | 1024 °C | 1875 °F | |
CRC | 1021 °C | |||
LNG | 1024 °C | |||
61 Pm promethium (Pm-147 ?) | ||||
use | 1315 K | 1042 °C | 1908 °F | |
WEL | 1373 K | 1100 °C | 2012 °F | |
CRC | 1042 °C | |||
LNG | 1080 °C | (Pm-147) | ||
62 Sm samarium | ||||
use | 1345 K | 1072 °C | 1962 °F | |
WEL | 1345 K | 1072 °C | 1962 °F | |
CRC | 1074 °C | |||
LNG | 1074 °C | |||
63 Eu europium | ||||
use | 1099 K | 826 °C | 1519 °F | |
WEL | 1099 K | 826 °C | 1519 °F | |
CRC | 822 °C | |||
LNG | 822 °C | |||
64 Gd gadolinium | ||||
use | 1585 K | 1312 °C | 2394 °F | |
WEL | 1585 K | 1312 °C | 2394 °F | |
CRC | 1313 °C | |||
LNG | 1312 °C | |||
65 Tb terbium | ||||
use | 1629 K | 1356 °C | 2473 °F | |
WEL | 1629 K | 1356 °C | 2473 °F | |
CRC | 1356 °C | |||
LNG | 1356 °C | |||
66 Dy dysprosium | ||||
use | 1680 K | 1407 °C | 2565 °F | |
WEL | 1680 K | 1407 °C | 2565 °F | |
CRC | 1412 °C | |||
LNG | 1412 °C | |||
67 Ho holmium | ||||
use | 1734 K | 1461 °C | 2662 °F | |
WEL | 1734 K | 1461 °C | 2662 °F | |
CRC | 1474 °C | |||
LNG | 1474 °C | |||
68 Er erbium | ||||
use | 1802 K | 1529 °C | 2784 °F |
|
WEL | 1770 K | 1497 °C | 2727 °F | |
CRC | 1529 °C | |||
LNG | 1529 °C | |||
69 Tm thulium | ||||
use | 1818 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F | |
WEL | 1818 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F | |
CRC | 1545 °C | |||
LNG | 1545 °C | |||
70 Yb ytterbium | ||||
use | 1097 K | 824 °C | 1515 °F | |
WEL | 1097 K | 824 °C | 1515 °F | |
CRC | 819 °C | |||
LNG | 819 °C | |||
71 Lu lutetium | ||||
use | 1925 K | 1652 °C | 3006 °F | |
WEL | 1925 K | 1652 °C | 3006 °F | |
CRC | 1663 °C | |||
LNG | 1663 °C | |||
72 Hf hafnium | ||||
use | 2506 K | 2233 °C | 4051 °F | |
WEL | 2506 K | 2233 °C | 4051 °F | |
CRC | 2233 °C | |||
LNG | 2227 °C | |||
73 Ta tantalum | ||||
use | 3290 K | 3017 °C | 5463 °F | |
WEL | 3290 K | 3017 °C | 5463 °F | |
CRC | 3017 °C | |||
LNG | 2996 °C | |||
74 W tungsten | ||||
use | 3695 K | 3422 °C | 6192 °F | |
WEL | 3695 K | 3422 °C | 6192 °F | |
CRC | 3422 °C | |||
LNG | 3387 °C | |||
75 Re rhenium | ||||
use | 3459 K | 3186 °C | 5767 °F | |
WEL | 3459 K | 3186 °C | 5767 °F | |
CRC | 3186 °C | |||
LNG | 3180 °C | |||
76 Os osmium | ||||
use | 3306 K | 3033 °C | 5491 °F | |
WEL | 3306 K | 3033 °C | 5491 °F | |
CRC | 3033 °C | |||
LNG | 3045 °C | |||
77 Ir iridium | ||||
use | 2719 K | 2446 °C | 4435 °F | |
WEL | 2739 K | 2466 °C | 4471 °F | |
CRC | 2446 °C | |||
LNG | 2447 °C | |||
78 Pt platinum | ||||
use | 2041.4 K | 1768.3 °C | 3214.9 °F | |
WEL | 2041.4 K | 1768.3 °C | 3214.9 °F | |
CRC | 1768.4 °C | |||
LNG | 1769 °C | |||
79 Au gold | ||||
use | 1337.33 K | 1064.18 °C | 1947.52 °F | |
WEL | 1337.33 K | 1064.18 °C | 1947.52 °F | |
CRC | 1064.18 °C | |||
LNG | 1064.18 °C | |||
freezing point 1337.33 K (1064.18 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | ||||
80 Hg mercury | ||||
use | 234.32 K | −38.83 °C | −37.89 °F | |
WEL | 234.32 K | −38.83 °C | −37.89 °F | |
CRC | tp −38.837 °C | |||
LNG | −38.83 °C | |||
81 Tl thallium | ||||
use | 577 K | 304 °C | 579 °F | |
WEL | 577 K | 304 °C | 579 °F | |
CRC | 304 °C | |||
LNG | 303.5 °C | |||
82 Pb lead | ||||
use | 600.61 K | 327.46 °C | 621.43 °F | |
WEL | 600.61 K | 327.46 °C | 621.43 °F | |
CRC | 327.46 °C | |||
LNG | 327.43 °C | |||
83 Bi bismuth | ||||
use | 544.7 K | 271.5 °C | 520.7 °F | |
WEL | 544.4 K | 271.3 °C | 520.3 °F | |
CRC | 271.40 °C | |||
LNG | 271.5 °C | |||
84 Po polonium | ||||
use | 527 K | 254 °C | 489 °F | |
WEL | 527 K | 254 °C | 489 °F | |
CRC | 254 °C | |||
LNG | 254 °C | |||
85 At astatine | ||||
WEL | 575 K | 302 °C | 576 °F | |
CRC | 302 °C | |||
LNG | 302 °C | |||
86 Rn radon | ||||
use | 202 K | −71 °C | −96 °F | |
WEL | 202 K | −71 °C | −96 °F | |
CRC | −71 °C | |||
LNG | −71 °C | |||
87 Fr francium | ||||
use | 281.0 K | 8.0 °C | 46.4 °F | |
Lavrukhina et al. | 8.0 °C | |||
CRC | 27 °C | |||
88 Ra radium | ||||
use | 973 K | 700 °C | 1292 °F | |
WEL | 973 K | 700 °C | 1292 °F | |
CRC | 700 °C | |||
LNG | 700.1 °C | |||
89 Ac actinium (Ac-227 ?) | ||||
use | circa 1323 K | circa 1050 °C | circa 1922 °F | |
WEL | 1323 K | 1050 °C | 1922 °F | |
CRC | 1051 °C | |||
LNG | 1050(50) °C | (Ac-227) | ||
90 Th thorium | ||||
use | 2115 K | 1842 °C | 3348 °F | |
WEL | 2115 K | 1842 °C | 3348 °F | |
CRC | 1750 °C | |||
LNG | 1750 °C | |||
91 Pa protactinium | ||||
use | 1841 K | 1568 °C | 2854 °F | |
WEL | 1841 K | 1568 °C | 2854 °F | |
CRC | 1572 °C | |||
92 U uranium | ||||
use | 1405.3 K | 1132.2 °C | 2070 °F | |
WEL | 1405.3 K | 1132.2 °C | 2070 °F | |
CRC | 1135 °C | |||
LNG | 1135 °C | |||
93 Np neptunium | ||||
use | 917 K | 644 °C | 1191 °F | |
WEL | 910 K | 637 °C | 1179 °F | |
CRC | 644 °C | |||
LNG | 644 °C | |||
94 Pu plutonium | ||||
use | 912.5 K | 639.4 °C | 1182.9 °F | |
WEL | 912.5 K | 639.4 °C | 1182.9 °F | |
CRC | 640 °C | |||
LNG | 639.5 °C | |||
95 Am americium | ||||
use | 1449 K | 1176 °C | 2149 °F | |
WEL | 1449 K | 1176 °C | 2149 °F | |
CRC | 1176 °C | |||
LNG | 1176 °C | |||
96 Cm curium (Cm-244 ?) | ||||
use | 1613 K | 1340 °C | 2444 °F | |
WEL | 1613 K | 1340 °C | 2444 °F | |
CRC | 1345 °C | |||
LNG | 1340 °C | (Cm-244) | ||
97 Bk berkelium (alpha) | ||||
use | 1323 K | 1050 °C | 1922 °F | |
CRC | 1050 °C | |||
LNG | 1050 °C | |||
97 Bk berkelium (beta) | ||||
use | 1259 K | 986 °C | 1807 °F | |
WEL | 1259 K | 986 °C | 1807 °F | |
CRC | 986 °C | |||
LNG | 986 °C | |||
98 Cf californium (Cf-252 ?) | ||||
use | 1173 K | 900 °C | 1652 °F | |
WEL | 1173 K | 900 °C | 1652 °F | |
CRC | 900 °C | |||
LNG | 900 °C | (Cf-252) | ||
99 Es einsteinium | ||||
use | 1133 K | 860 °C | 1580 °F | |
WEL | 1133 K | 860 °C | 1580 °F | |
CRC | 860 °C | |||
LNG | 860 °C | |||
100 Fm fermium (Fm-257 ?) | ||||
use | 1800 K | 1527 °C | 2781 °F | |
WEL | 1800 K | 1527 °C | 2781 °F | |
CRC | 1527 °C | |||
LNG | 1527 °C | (Fm-257) | ||
101 Md mendelevium | ||||
use | 1100 K | 827 °C | 1521 °F | |
WEL | 1100 K | 827 °C | 1521 °F | |
CRC | 827 °C | |||
102 No nobelium | ||||
use | 1100 K | 827 °C | 1521 °F | |
WEL | 1100 K | 827 °C | 1521 °F | |
CRC | 827 °C | |||
103 Lr lawrencium | ||||
use | 1900 K | 1627 °C | 2961 °F | |
WEL | 1900 K | 1627 °C | 2961 °F | |
CRC | 1627 °C | |||
LNG | 1627 °C |
Notes[edit]
- All values at standard pressure (101.325 kPa) unless noted. Triple point temperature values (marked "tp") are not valid at standard pressure.
References[edit]
WEL[edit]
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992
- G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993
Unit is K.
CRC[edit]
- Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4.121–4.123. ISBN 978-1439855119.
Unit is °C
LNG[edit]
As quoted from:
- J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 3; Table 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
Unit is °C
Hoffer et al.[edit]
- Hoffer, J. K.; Gardner, W. R.; Waterfield, C. G.; Phillips, N. E. (April 1976). "Thermodynamic properties of 4He. II. The bcc phase and the P-T and VT phase diagrams below 2 K". Journal of Low Temperature Physics. 23 (1): 63–102. Bibcode:1976JLTP...23...63H. doi:10.1007/BF00117245. S2CID 120473493.
Lavrukhina et al.[edit]
- Lavrukhina, Avgusta Konstantinovna; Pozdnyakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1970). Analytical Chemistry of Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, and Francium. Translated by R. Kondor. Ann Arbor–Humphrey Science Publishers. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-250-39923-9.
Holman et al.[edit]
- Not used in this table.
- Holman, S. W.; Lawrence, R. R.; Barr, L. (1 January 1895). "Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 31: 218–233. doi:10.2307/20020628. JSTOR 20020628.
Table[edit]
Group → | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
↓ Period | |||||||||||||||||||||
① | H2 13.99 K (−259.16 °C) |
He[c] | |||||||||||||||||||
② | Li453.65 K (180.50 °C) |
Be1560 K (1287 °C) |
B 2349 K (2076 °C) |
C [d] |
N2 63.23 K (−209.86 °C) |
O2 54.36 K (−218.79 °C) |
F2 53.48 K (−219.67 °C) |
Ne24.56 K (−248.59 °C) | |||||||||||||
③ | Na370.944 K (97.794 °C) |
Mg923 K (650 °C) |
Al933.47 K (660.32 °C) |
Si1687 K (1414 °C) |
P 317.3 K (44.15 °C) |
S 388.36 K (115.21 °C) |
Cl2171.6 K (−101.5 °C) |
Ar83.81 K (−189.34 °C) | |||||||||||||
④ | K 336.7 K (63.5 °C) |
Ca1115 K (842 °C) |
Sc1814 K (1541 °C) |
Ti1941 K (1668 °C) |
V 2183 K (1910 °C) |
Cr2180 K (1907 °C) |
Mn1519 K (1246 °C) |
Fe1811 K (1538 °C) |
Co1768 K (1495 °C) |
Ni1728 K (1455 °C) |
Cu1357.77 K (1084.62 °C) |
Zn692.68 K (419.53 °C) |
Ga302.9146 K (29.7646 °C) |
Ge1211.40 K (938.25 °C) |
As[e] |
Se494 K (221 °C) |
Br2265.8 K (−7.2 °C) |
Kr115.78 K (−157.37 °C) | |||
⑤ | Rb312.45 K (39.30 °C) |
Sr1050 K (777 °C) |
Y 1799 K (1526 °C) |
Zr2128 K (1855 °C) |
Nb2750 K (2477 °C) |
Mo2896 K (2623 °C) |
Tc2430 K (2157 °C) |
Ru2607 K (2334 °C) |
Rh2237 K (1964 °C) |
Pd1828.05 K (1554.9 °C) |
Ag1234.93 K (961.78 °C) |
Cd594.22 K (321.07 °C) |
In429.7485 K (156.5985 °C) |
Sn505.08 K (231.93 °C) |
Sb903.78 K (630.63 °C) |
Te722.66 K (449.51 °C) |
I2 386.85 K (113.7 °C) |
Xe161.40 K (−111.75 °C) | |||
⑥ | Cs301.7 K (28.5 °C) |
Ba1000 K (727 °C) |
![]() |
Lu1925 K (1652 °C) |
Hf2506 K (2233 °C) |
Ta3290 K (3017 °C) |
W 3695 K (3422 °C) |
Re3459 K (3186 °C) |
Os3306 K (3033 °C) |
Ir2719 K (2446 °C) |
Pt2041.4 K (1768.3 °C) |
Au1337.33 K (1064.18 °C) |
Hg234.3210 K (−38.8290 °C) |
Tl577 K (304 °C) |
Pb600.61 K (327.46 °C) |
Bi544.7 K (271.5 °C) |
Po527 K (254 °C) |
At575 K (302 °C) |
Rn202 K (−71 °C) | ||
⑦ | Fr300 K (27 °C) |
Ra973 K (700 °C) |
![]() |
Lr1900 K (1627 °C) |
Rf2400 K (2100 °C) |
Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn283±11 K (10±11 °C) |
Nh700 K (430 °C) |
Fl200 K (−73 °C) |
Mc670 K (400 °C) |
Lv637–780 K (364–507 °C) |
Ts623–823 K (350–550 °C) |
Og325±15 K (52±15 °C) | ||
![]() |
La1193 K (920 °C) |
Ce1068 K (795 °C) |
Pr1208 K (935 °C) |
Nd1297 K (1024 °C) |
Pm1315 K (1042 °C) |
Sm1345 K (1072 °C) |
Eu1099 K (826 °C) |
Gd1585 K (1312 °C) |
Tb1629 K (1356 °C) |
Dy1680 K (1407 °C) |
Ho1734 K (1461 °C) |
Er1802 K (1529 °C) |
Tm1818 K (1545 °C) |
Yb1097 K (824 °C) | |||||||
![]() |
Ac1500 K (1227 °C) |
Th2023 K (1750 °C) |
Pa1841 K (1568 °C) |
U 1405.3 K (1132.2 °C) |
Np912±3 K (639±3 °C) |
Pu912.5 K (639.4 °C) |
Am1449 K (1176 °C) |
Cm1613 K (1340 °C) |
Bk1259 K (986 °C) |
Cf1173 K (900 °C) |
Es1133 K (860 °C) |
Fm1800 K (1527 °C) |
Md1100 K (827 °C) |
No1100 K (827 °C) | |||||||
Notes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
Legend
Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element |
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction