Protein-coding gene in humans
Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED14 gene .[5] [6] [7]
The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. This protein contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal. This gene is known to escape chromosome X-inactivation.[7]
Interactions [ edit ] MED14 has been shown to interact with PPARGC1A ,[8] Estrogen receptor alpha ,[9] STAT2 ,[10] Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 ,[11] [12] Glucocorticoid receptor [13] Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha .[14] [15]
References [ edit ]
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180182 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000064127 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ Ryu S, Zhou S, Ladurner AG, Tjian R (Feb 1999). "The transcriptional cofactor complex CRSP is required for activity of the enhancer-binding protein Sp1". Nature . 397 (6718): 446–50. Bibcode :1999Natur.397..446R . doi :10.1038/17141 . hdl :11858/00-001M-0000-0019-A36A-8 PMID 9989412 . S2CID 4405569 . ^ Yoshikawa H, Fujiyama A, Nakai K, Inazawa J, Matsubara K (Aug 1998). "Detection and isolation of a novel human gene located on Xp11.2-p11.4 that escapes X-inactivation using a two-dimensional DNA mapping method". Genomics . 49 (2): 237–46. doi :10.1006/geno.1998.5246 . PMID 9598311 . ^ a b "Entrez Gene: CRSP2 cofactor required for Sp1 transcriptional activation, subunit 2, 150kDa" .^ Wallberg, Annika E; Yamamura Soichiro; Malik Sohail; Spiegelman Bruce M; Roeder Robert G (Nov 2003). "Coordination of p300-mediated chromatin remodeling and TRAP/mediator function through coactivator PGC-1alpha" . Mol. Cell . 12 (5): 1137–49. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00391-5 ISSN 1097-2765 . PMID 14636573 . ^ Kang, Yun Kyoung; Guermah Mohamed; Yuan Chao-Xing; Roeder Robert G (Mar 2002). "The TRAP/Mediator coactivator complex interacts directly with estrogen receptors alpha and beta through the TRAP220 subunit and directly enhances estrogen receptor function in vitro" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (5): 2642–7. Bibcode :2002PNAS...99.2642K . doi :10.1073/pnas.261715899 ISSN 0027-8424 . PMC 122401 PMID 11867769 . ^ Lau, Joe F; Nusinzon Inna; Burakov Darya; Freedman Leonard P; Horvath Curt M (Jan 2003). "Role of metazoan mediator proteins in interferon-responsive transcription" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 23 (2): 620–8. doi :10.1128/MCB.23.2.620-628.2003 . ISSN 0270-7306 . PMC 151539 PMID 12509459 . ^ Wang, G; Cantin G T; Stevens J L; Berk A J (Jul 2001). "Characterization of mediator complexes from HeLa cell nuclear extract" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 21 (14): 4604–13. doi :10.1128/MCB.21.14.4604-4613.2001 . ISSN 0270-7306 . PMC 87123 PMID 11416138 . ^ Ito, M; Yuan C X; Malik S; Gu W; Fondell J D; Yamamura S; Fu Z Y; Zhang X; Qin J; Roeder R G (Mar 1999). "Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators" . Mol. Cell . 3 (3): 361–70. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3 ISSN 1097-2765 . PMID 10198638 . ^ Hittelman, A B; Burakov D; Iñiguez-Lluhí J A; Freedman L P; Garabedian M J (Oct 1999). "Differential regulation of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation via AF-1-associated proteins" . EMBO J . 18 (19): 5380–8. doi :10.1093/emboj/18.19.5380 . ISSN 0261-4189 . PMC 1171607 PMID 10508170 . ^ Maeda, Yutaka; Rachez Christophe; Hawel Leo; Byus Craig V; Freedman Leonard P; Sladek Frances M (Jul 2002). "Polyamines modulate the interaction between nuclear receptors and vitamin D receptor-interacting protein 205" . Mol. Endocrinol . 16 (7): 1502–10. doi :10.1210/mend.16.7.0883 ISSN 0888-8809 . PMID 12089346 . ^ Malik, Sohail; Wallberg Annika E; Kang Yun Kyoung; Roeder Robert G (Aug 2002). "TRAP/SMCC/mediator-dependent transcriptional activation from DNA and chromatin templates by orphan nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 22 (15): 5626–37. doi :10.1128/MCB.22.15.5626-5637.2002 . ISSN 0270-7306 . PMC 133960 PMID 12101254 .
Further reading [ edit ]
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, et al. (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem . 236 (1): 107–13. doi :10.1006/abio.1996.0138 . PMID 8619474 . Fondell JD, Ge H, Roeder RG (1996). "Ligand induction of a transcriptionally active thyroid hormone receptor coactivator complex" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 93 (16): 8329–33. Bibcode :1996PNAS...93.8329F . doi :10.1073/pnas.93.16.8329 PMC 38670 PMID 8710870 . Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, et al. (1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing" . Genome Res . 7 (4): 353–8. doi :10.1101/gr.7.4.353 . PMC 139146 PMID 9110174 . Sun X, Zhang Y, Cho H, et al. (1998). "NAT, a human complex containing Srb polypeptides that functions as a negative regulator of activated transcription" . Mol. Cell . 2 (2): 213–22. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80131-8 PMID 9734358 . Gu W, Malik S, Ito M, et al. (1999). "A novel human SRB/MED-containing cofactor complex, SMCC, involved in transcription regulation" . Mol. Cell . 3 (1): 97–108. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80178-1 PMID 10024883 . Ito M, Yuan CX, Malik S, et al. (1999). "Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators" . Mol. Cell . 3 (3): 361–70. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3 PMID 10198638 . Rachez C, Lemon BD, Suldan Z, et al. (1999). "Ligand-dependent transcription activation by nuclear receptors requires the DRIP complex". Nature . 398 (6730): 824–8. Bibcode :1999Natur.398..824R . doi :10.1038/19783 . PMID 10235266 . S2CID 204992765 . Näär AM, Beaurang PA, Zhou S, et al. (1999). "Composite co-activator ARC mediates chromatin-directed transcriptional activation". Nature . 398 (6730): 828–32. Bibcode :1999Natur.398..828N . doi :10.1038/19789 . PMID 10235267 . S2CID 23646963 . Hittelman AB, Burakov D, Iñiguez-Lluhí JA, et al. (1999). "Differential regulation of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation via AF-1-associated proteins" . EMBO J . 18 (19): 5380–8. doi :10.1093/emboj/18.19.5380 . PMC 1171607 PMID 10508170 . Ge K, Guermah M, Yuan CX, et al. (2002). "Transcription coactivator TRAP220 is required for PPAR gamma 2-stimulated adipogenesis". Nature . 417 (6888): 563–7. Bibcode :2002Natur.417..563G . doi :10.1038/417563a . PMID 12037571 . S2CID 4432077 . Malik S, Wallberg AE, Kang YK, Roeder RG (2002). "TRAP/SMCC/mediator-dependent transcriptional activation from DNA and chromatin templates by orphan nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 22 (15): 5626–37. doi :10.1128/MCB.22.15.5626-5637.2002 . PMC 133960 PMID 12101254 . Wang Q, Sharma D, Ren Y, Fondell JD (2003). "A coregulatory role for the TRAP-mediator complex in androgen receptor-mediated gene expression" . J. Biol. Chem . 277 (45): 42852–8. doi :10.1074/jbc.M206061200 PMID 12218053 . Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 . Lau JF, Nusinzon I, Burakov D, et al. (2003). "Role of metazoan mediator proteins in interferon-responsive transcription" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 23 (2): 620–8. doi :10.1128/MCB.23.2.620-628.2003 . PMC 151539 PMID 12509459 . Demirci FY, Ramser J, White NJ, et al. (2004). "Refinement of the physical location and the genomic characterization of the CRSP2 (EXLM1) gene on Xp11.4" . DNA Seq . 14 (2): 123–7. doi :10.1080/1042517021000056952 . PMID 12825353 . S2CID 7902215 . Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Banks CA, et al. (2004). "A mammalian homolog of Drosophila melanogaster transcriptional coactivator intersex is a subunit of the mammalian Mediator complex" . J. Biol. Chem . 278 (50): 49671–4. doi :10.1074/jbc.C300444200 PMID 14576168 . Wallberg AE, Yamamura S, Malik S, et al. (2004). "Coordination of p300-mediated chromatin remodeling and TRAP/mediator function through coactivator PGC-1alpha" . Mol. Cell . 12 (5): 1137–49. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00391-5 PMID 14636573 . Tomomori-Sato C, Sato S, Parmely TJ, et al. (2004). "A mammalian mediator subunit that shares properties with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediator subunit Cse2" . J. Biol. Chem . 279 (7): 5846–51. doi :10.1074/jbc.M312523200 PMID 14638676 .
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
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