This article is a list of diseases of bananas and plantains (Musa spp.).
Bacterial diseases[edit]
Bacterial diseases | |
---|---|
Bacterial wilt | Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 1) |
Blood disease | Ralstonia syzigii subsp. celebensis[1] |
Bugtok | Ralstonia solanacearum (race 2) |
Finger tip rot (gumming) | Burkholderia cenocepacia (syn. Pseudomonas cenocepacia)[2] Pseudomonas spp.[citation needed] |
Moko | Ralstonia solanacearum (race 2) |
Rhizome rot | Erwinia carotovora (syn. Pectobacterium carotovorum) Erwinia chrysanthemi (syn. Dickeya dadantii) |
Javanese vascular wilt | Pseudomonas spp. |
Xanthomonas wilt (BXW), Banana bacterial wilt, enset wilt | Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum |
Fungal diseases[edit]
Fungal diseases | |
---|---|
Anthracnose | |
Armillaria corn rot | |
Black cross | |
Black leaf streak (BLS) or Black Sigatoka |
|
Black root rot | Rosellinia bunodes |
Brown blotch | Pestalotiopsis leprogena |
Brown spot | Cercospora hayi |
Ceratocystis fruit rot | |
Cigar-end | |
Cladosporium speckle | Cladosporium musae |
Corm dry rot | Junghuhnia vincta |
Cordana leaf spot | |
Crown rot |
Fusarium pallidoroseum |
Cylindrocladium root rot | Cylindrocladium spp. |
Damping-off | Deightoniella torulosa |
Deightoniella fruit speckle, leaf spot and tip rot | Deightoniella torulosa |
Diamond spot | Cercospora hayi
Fusarium spp. |
Dwarf Cavendish tip rot | |
Eyespot | Drechslera gigantea |
Fruit freckle (freckle) | |
Fruit rot | Botryosphaeria ribis |
Fungal root-rot |
Fusarium solani |
Fungal scald | Colletotrichum musae |
Leaf rust | |
Leaf speckle | Acrodontium simplex |
Leaf spot | Curvularia eragrostidis |
Leaf spot | Drechslera musae-sapientum |
Leaf spot | Leptosphaeria musarum |
Leaf spot | Pestalotiopsis disseminata |
Main stalk rot | Ceratocystis paradoxa |
Malayan leaf spot | Haplobasidion musae |
Marasmiellus rot | |
Panama disease (Fusarium wilt) | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Races 1, 2 and 4 - inc.Tropical Race 4 (TR4) and Subtropical Race 4 |
Peduncle rot |
Lasiodiplodia theobromae |
Pestalotiopsis leaf spot | Pestalotiopsis palmarum |
Phaeoseptoria leaf spot | Phaeoseptoria musae |
Pitting | Pyricularia grisea |
Pseudostem heart rot | |
Root & rhizome rot | Cylindrocarpon musae |
Sclerotinia fruit rot | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum |
Septoria leaf spot |
Mycosphaerella eumusae [sexual stage] |
Sheath rot |
Nectria foliicola |
Sooty mold | Limacinula tenuis |
Speckle | Mycosphaerella musae |
Squirter (black end disease) | Nigrospora sphaerica |
Stem-end rot | Colletotrichum musae |
Trachysphaera finger rot | Trachysphaera fructigena |
Tropical speckle | |
Verticillium tip rot | Verticillium theobromae |
Yellow Sigatoka | Mycosphaerella musicola |
Viral diseases[edit]
Viral diseases | |
---|---|
Disease | Viruses |
Bract mosaic | Banana bract mosaic virus |
Bunchy top | Banana bunchy top virus |
Mosaic | Cucumber mosaic virus |
Streak | Banana streak virus |
Banana mild mosaic | Banana mild mosaic virus |
Banana virus X | Banana virus X |
Nematodes, parasitic[edit]
Nematodes, parasitic | |
---|---|
Nematode root rot (burrowing nematode) | |
Root-knot |
Meloidogyne arenaria |
Root-lesion |
Pratylenchus coffeae |
Spiral nematode root damage |
Miscellaneous diseases and disorders[edit]
Miscellaneous diseases and disorders | |
---|---|
Alligator skin | Light abrasions on fruit peel caused by leaves or bracts |
Blue disease | Magnesium deficiency |
Choke | Low winter temperatures |
Dwarfism | Genetic mutation |
Elephantiasis | Unknown cause |
Fruit chimera | Genetic mutation |
Fused fingers | Genetic defect |
Giantism | Genetic mutation |
Heart leaf unfurling disorder | Unknown cause |
High mat | Unknown cause |
Leaf edge chlorosis | Unknown cause |
Maturity bronzing | Unknown cause |
Rayadilla | Zinc deficiency |
Rosetting | Nitrogen deficiency |
Roxana | Unknown cause |
Spike leaf | Low winter temperatures |
Split peel | Rapid filling of pulp of fruit |
Taiwan marginal scorch | Unknown cause |
"Segmented Banana" | Chilling injury to fruit
One of the less common plantain diseases is exostentialis clittellus referred to by most plantain and banana farmers as "segmented banana". This is a result of the peel forming tiny inter-fruit membranes which cause the banana to appear as though it has been sliced before it is peeled. This is generally a result of freezing the fruit, and occurs most commonly in fruit that is sold in large stores or supermarkets. |
Yellow mat | Unknown cause |
Yellow pulp | Delay in fruit filling, drought, excessive shading, magnesium deficiency, poor nutrition |
Yellows | Lack of water |
Neer Vazhai | Unknown etiology |
Kottai Vazhai or seediness in Parthenocarpic Poovan banana | Unknown etiology, probably due to BSV infection |
References[edit]
- ^ "Blood disease". Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
- ^ University of California Berkeley. "Bacterial finger-tip rot".
- Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society (APS)
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction