![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Indian_States_and_Union_Territories_by_HDI_%282018%29_%286%29.png/330px-Indian_States_and_Union_Territories_by_HDI_%282018%29_%286%29.png)
![India States and Union Territories by Human Development Index (NSC method, 2017–18)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HDI_NSC_method_2017_18.png/330px-HDI_NSC_method_2017_18.png)
This article lists the Human Development Index (HDI) rating of the States and union territories of India.
HDI is a composite index that takes into consideration health, education and income.
The national average HDI for India in 2008 was 0.467.[1] By 2010, its average HDI had risen to 0.519.[2][3] UNDP, the sponsor of the Human Development Index methodology since 1990, reported India's HDI to be 0.554 for 2012,[4] an 18% increase over its 2008 HDI. The United Nations declared India's HDI to be 0.586 in 2014,[5] a 5.77% increase over 2012. As for the year 2018, HDI for India stood at 0.645.[6][7][8]
HDI (UNDP method)
[edit]The following values are estimates from 2021 calculated by Global Data Lab,[9] using the same method of calculation as UNDP.[10] It is important to note that other sources report different HDI rankings (typically higher).
Rank | State/Union Territory | HDI (2021) |
---|---|---|
Very High Human Development | ||
1 | Kerala | 0.752 |
2 | Goa | 0.751 |
3 | Chandigarh | 0.744 |
4 | Delhi | 0.730 |
5 | Puducherry | 0.726 |
6 | Lakshadweep | 0.715 |
7 | Himachal Pradesh | 0.703 |
8 | Sikkim | 0.702 |
Medium Human Development | ||
9 | Jammu and Kashmir | 0.699 |
10 | Punjab | 0.694 |
11 | Haryana | 0.691 |
12 | Maharashtra | 0.688 |
13 | Mizoram | |
14 | Tamil Nadu | 0.686 |
15 | Manipur | 0.678 |
16 | Uttarakhand | 0.672 |
17 | Nagaland | 0.670 |
18 | Karnataka | 0.667 |
19 | Arunachal Pradesh | 0.665 |
20 | Daman and Diu | 0.661 |
21 | Telangana | 0.647 |
22 | Meghalaya | 0.643 |
23 | Rajasthan | 0.638 |
24 | Gujarat | 0.638 |
– | ![]() |
0.633 |
25 | Andhra Pradesh | 0.630 |
26 | Tripura | 0.629 |
27 | West Bengal | 0.624 |
28 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 0.620 |
29 | Chhattisgarh | 0.605 |
30 | Assam | 0.597 |
31 | Odisha | |
32 | Madhya Pradesh | 0.596 |
33 | Uttar Pradesh | 0.592 |
34 | Jharkhand | 0.589 |
35 | Bihar | 0.571 |
HDI (NSC method)
[edit]The following values are estimates from 2017 to 2018 calculated by the National Statistical Commission (NSC) of India.[11] These values were calculated based on a modified version of the UNDP method of calculation, using per-capita Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in the national currency to measure the "decent standard of living" component of HDI, rather than per-capita Gross National Income (GNI) in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) US dollars.[12][13]
Rank | State/Union Territory | HDI (2017–2018) |
---|---|---|
Very High Human Development | ||
1 | Delhi | 0.839 |
2 | Chandigarh | 0.827 |
3 | Goa | 0.806 |
High Human Development | ||
4 | Kerala | 0.775 |
5 | Sikkim | 0.764 |
6 | Himachal Pradesh | 0.761 |
7 | Uttarakhand | 0.758 |
8 | Puducherry | 0.752 |
9 | Maharashtra | 0.750 |
10 | Mizoram | 0.747 |
11 | Tamil Nadu | 0.738 |
12 | Punjab | 0.738 |
13 | Haryana | 0.724 |
14 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 0.707 |
15 | Karnataka | 0.706 |
16 | Telangana | 0.705 |
17 | Meghalaya | 0.704 |
Medium Human Development | ||
18 | Gujarat | 0.698 |
19 | Daman and Diu | 0.695 |
20 | Lakshadweep | 0.687 |
21 | Manipur | 0.686 |
22 | Arunachal Pradesh | 0.684 |
23 | Nagaland | 0.678 |
24 | West Bengal | 0.674 |
– | ![]() |
0.672 |
25 | Tripura | 0.667 |
26 | Jammu and Kashmir | 0.663 |
27 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 0.662 |
28 | Assam | 0.651 |
29 | Odisha | 0.649 |
30 | Andhra Pradesh | 0.648 |
31 | Rajasthan | 0.638 |
32 | Chhattisgarh | 0.629 |
33 | Jharkhand | 0.618 |
34 | Madhya Pradesh | 0.616 |
35 | Uttar Pradesh | 0.592 |
36 | Bihar | 0.551 |
Trends by UNDP reports
[edit]Human Development Index (by UN Method) of Indian states since 1990 (2019 revision).[14]
State | HDI | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 | |
Northern India | |||||||
Chandigarh | 0.635 | 0.635 | 0.630 | 0.658 | 0.643 | 0.737 | 0.759 |
New Delhi | 0.580 | 0.615 | 0.657 | 0.685 | 0.702 | 0.734 | 0.744 |
Haryana | 0.471 | 0.501 | 0.543 | 0.587 | 0.628 | 0.689 | 0.704 |
Himachal Pradesh | 0.484 | 0.526 | 0.584 | 0.641 | 0.661 | 0.707 | 0.717 |
Jammu and Kashmir | 0.498 | 0.508 | 0.523 | 0.583 | 0.636 | 0.677 | 0.712 |
Madhya Pradesh | 0.407 | 0.427 | 0.453 | 0.495 | 0.531 | 0.585 | 0.607 |
Punjab | 0.501 | 0.533 | 0.573 | 0.69 | 0.651 | 0.706 | 0.707 |
Uttar Pradesh | 0.398 | 0.423 | 0.456 | 0.498 | 0.528 | 0.577 | 0.603 |
Uttarakhand | 0.627 | 0.626 | 0.621 | 0.650 | 0.634 | 0.666 | 0.684 |
Western India | |||||||
Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 0.672 | 0.673 | 0.673 | 0.702 | 0.688 | 0.665 | 0.631 |
Daman and Diu | 0.651 | 0.652 | 0.655 | 0.682 | 0.669 | 0.693 | 0.674 |
Goa | 0.557 | 0.578 | 0.609 | 0.668 | 0.731 | 0.758 | 0.765 |
Gujarat | 0.474 | 0.493 | 0.521 | 0.569 | 0.599 | 0.654 | 0.650 |
Maharashtra | 0.498 | 0.521 | 0.552 | 0.598 | 0.638 | 0.683 | 0.701 |
Rajasthan | 0.406 | 0.431 | 0.463 | 0.505 | 0.542 | 0.606 | 0.650 |
Eastern India | |||||||
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 0.685 | 0.685 | 0.686 | 0.714 | 0.700 | 0.726 | 0.719 |
West Bengal | 0.443 | 0.468 | 0.500 | 0.534 | 0.567 | 0.622 | 0.636 |
Bihar | 0.379 | 0.402 | 0.430 | 0.465 | 0.508 | 0.558 | 0.581 |
Chhattisgarh | 0.562 | 0.559 | 0.555 | 0.581 | 0.566 | 0.595 | 0.617 |
Jharkhand | 0.562 | 0.560 | 0.555 | 0.582 | 0.567 | 0.585 | 0.600 |
Odisha | 0.402 | 0.424 | 0.452 | 0.489 | 0.529 | 0.586 | 0.608 |
Northeastern India | |||||||
Assam | 0.412 | 0.442 | 0.482 | 0.526 | 0.560 | 0.599 | 0.609 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 0.442 | 0.467 | 0.497 | 0.530 | 0.635 | 0.664 | 0.677 |
Manipur | 0.499 | 0.522 | 0.553 | 0.593 | 0.674 | 0.698 | 0.691 |
Meghalaya | 0.461 | 0.465 | 0.471 | 0.528 | 0.613 | 0.651 | 0.654 |
Mizoram | 0.531 | 0.544 | 0.564 | 0.626 | 0.679 | 0.700 | 0.701 |
Nagaland | 0.539 | 0.531 | 0.518 | 0.553 | 0.654 | 0.682 | 0.683 |
Sikkim | 0.546 | 0.543 | 0.543 | 0.587 | 0.628 | 0.695 | 0.715 |
Tripura | 0.449 | 0.483 | 0.525 | 0.557 | 0.602 | 0.646 | 0.640 |
Southern India | |||||||
Andhra Pradesh | 0.427 | 0.446 | 0.473 | 0.526 | 0.574 | 0.631 | 0.642 |
Karnataka | 0.447 | 0.474 | 0.512 | 0.561 | 0.599 | 0.662 | 0.679 |
Kerala | 0.550 | 0.565 | 0.593 | 0.675 | 0.709 | 0.763 | 0.766 |
Lakshadweep | 0.694 | 0.694 | 0.695 | 0.724 | 0.710 | 0.735 | 0.728 |
Puducherry | 0.711 | 0.720 | 0.720 | 0.750 | 0.736 | 0.734 | 0.739 |
Tamil Nadu | 0.475 | 0.500 | 0.537 | 0.596 | 0.641 | 0.693 | 0.699 |
Telangana | 0.624 | 0.621 | 0.618 | 0.646 | 0.631 | 0.654 | 0.658 |
India | 0.434 | 0.458 | 0.491 | 0.534 | 0.575 | 0.629 | 0.645 |
Trends by Indian National Development Reports
[edit]Compared with the previous Indian National Human Development Reports and the latest state-level government statistical report, India has significantly improved its HDI in all of its administrative subdivisions:
Legend | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Very High/High Human Development Index 0.850–0.899
0.800–0.849
0.750–0.799
0.700–0.749
|
Medium human development index 0.650–0.699
0.600–0.649
0.550–0.599
0.500–0.549
|
Low human development index 0.450–0.499
0.400–0.449
0.350–0.399
0.300–0.349
0.250–0.299
≤0.250
|
Lack of information
|
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2006_Human_Development_Index_for_India_map_by_states%2C_HDI_data_by_GoI_and_UNDP_India.svg/360px-2006_Human_Development_Index_for_India_map_by_states%2C_HDI_data_by_GoI_and_UNDP_India.svg.png)
This is a list of Indian states by their respective Human Development Index (HDI), as of 2008.[1] Kerala stands first in Human Development Index among the states in India.
- 1981 to 2011 Human development index in India
-
National Human Development Report 1981
(1981 data) -
National Human Development Report 1991
(1991 data) -
National Human Development Report 2001
(2001 data) -
National Human Development Report 2011
(2007–2008 data)
Consumption-based HDI
[edit]There are many ways to calculate HDI, and its calculation is sensitive to base data and assumptions. Using another approach, UNDP India and Government of India calculated the HDI nationwide average to be 0.605 in 2006.[16] This data was published by the Indian Government.[1] Note that the 2007-2008 HDI values in the table below is not based on income as is the UNDP standard practice for global comparisons, but on estimated consumption expenditure – an assumption which underestimates the HDI compared to the actual value.[17] Further, data was unavailable for the following union territories: Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Daman and Diu, Puducherry, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.[18][19]
Rank | State/Union Territory | HDI |
---|---|---|
1 | Kerala | 0.810 |
2 | Delhi | 0.750 |
3 | Himachal Pradesh | 0.652 |
4 | Goa | 0.617 |
5 | Punjab | 0.605 |
6 | Northeast India | 0.573 |
7 | Maharashtra | 0.572 |
8 | Tamil Nadu | 0.570 |
9 | Haryana | 0.552 |
10 | Jammu and Kashmir | 0.542 |
11 | Gujarat | 0.527 |
12 | Karnataka | 0.519 |
– | National average | 0.513 |
13 | West Bengal | 0.492 |
14 | Uttarakhand | 0.490 |
15 | Andhra Pradesh | 0.473 |
17 | Rajasthan | 0.434 |
18 | Uttar Pradesh | 0.380 |
19 | Jharkhand | 0.376 |
20 | Madhya Pradesh | 0.375 |
21 | Bihar | 0.367 |
22 | Odisha | 0.362 |
23 | Chhattisgarh | 0.358 |
Demographics
[edit]Subnational HDI | Health index | Educational index | Income index | Life expectancy | Life expectancy females | Life expectancy males | Expected years schooling | Expected years schooling girls | Expected years schooling boys | Mean years schooling | Mean years schooling females | Mean years schooling males | Log Gross National Income per capita | Log Gross National Income per capita females | Log Gross National Income per capita males | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 0.633 | 0.727 | 0.552 | 0.633 | 67.24 | 68.89 | 65.76 | 11.88 | 11.94 | 11.81 | 6.655 | 6.252 | 7.229 | 8.793 | 7.731 | 9.272 |
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 0.706 | 0.820 | 0.607 | 0.706 | 73.31 | 76.22 | 71.50 | 12.38 | 12.78 | 11.98 | 7.900 | 8.424 | 7.712 | 9.278 | 8.157 | 9.783 |
Andhra Pradesh | 0.630 | 0.734 | 0.517 | 0.660 | 67.69 | 69.44 | 66.19 | 11.95 | 12.04 | 11.87 | 5.546 | 5.135 | 6.120 | 8.973 | 7.888 | 9.461 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 0.665 | 0.767 | 0.575 | 0.665 | 69.87 | 72.08 | 68.27 | 13.20 | 13.32 | 13.11 | 6.257 | 6.118 | 6.556 | 9.010 | 7.921 | 9.500 |
Assam | 0.597 | 0.714 | 0.530 | 0.564 | 66.38 | 67.83 | 64.92 | 11.35 | 11.70 | 11.04 | 6.446 | 6.616 | 6.499 | 8.336 | 7.329 | 8.790 |
Bihar | 0.571 | 0.712 | 0.480 | 0.544 | 66.30 | 67.73 | 64.84 | 11.48 | 11.36 | 11.73 | 4.845 | 3.775 | 6.026 | 8.204 | 7.212 | 8.650 |
Chandigarh | 0.744 | 0.780 | 0.704 | 0.751 | 70.71 | 73.11 | 69.07 | 12.95 | 13.19 | 12.77 | 10.32 | 11.16 | 9.957 | 9.575 | 8.418 | 10.10 |
Chhattisgarh | 0.605 | 0.689 | 0.528 | 0.609 | 64.76 | 65.83 | 63.33 | 11.85 | 12.30 | 11.42 | 5.975 | 5.293 | 6.727 | 8.635 | 7.592 | 9.105 |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 0.620 | 0.766 | 0.507 | 0.613 | 69.76 | 71.95 | 68.17 | 10.39 | 10.94 | 9.974 | 6.550 | 5.620 | 7.229 | 8.665 | 7.618 | 9.137 |
Daman and Diu | 0.661 | 0.772 | 0.554 | 0.675 | 70.21 | 72.49 | 68.59 | 10.60 | 11.05 | 10.21 | 7.785 | 7.538 | 8.100 | 9.070 | 7.974 | 9.564 |
Goa | 0.751 | 0.809 | 0.696 | 0.752 | 72.59 | 75.36 | 70.83 | 13.48 | 13.67 | 13.29 | 9.648 | 10.43 | 9.398 | 9.585 | 8.427 | 10.11 |
Gujarat | 0.638 | 0.745 | 0.519 | 0.669 | 68.44 | 70.35 | 66.91 | 10.62 | 10.37 | 10.78 | 6.728 | 6.239 | 7.324 | 9.037 | 7.945 | 9.529 |
Haryana | 0.691 | 0.756 | 0.613 | 0.713 | 69.12 | 71.18 | 67.57 | 12.90 | 13.12 | 12.65 | 7.639 | 7.126 | 8.261 | 9.324 | 8.198 | 9.832 |
Himachal Pradesh | 0.703 | 0.757 | 0.649 | 0.709 | 69.19 | 71.26 | 67.63 | 13.28 | 13.84 | 12.71 | 8.403 | 8.473 | 8.716 | 9.299 | 8.175 | 9.804 |
Jammu and Kashmir | 0.699 | 0.762 | 0.644 | 0.696 | 69.56 | 71.71 | 67.98 | 14.24 | 14.43 | 14.04 | 7.450 | 6.907 | 8.034 | 9.214 | 8.100 | 9.715 |
Jharkhand | 0.589 | 0.715 | 0.512 | 0.557 | 66.49 | 67.97 | 65.03 | 11.77 | 11.91 | 11.69 | 5.556 | 4.613 | 6.585 | 8.295 | 7.293 | 8.747 |
Karnataka | 0.667 | 0.777 | 0.567 | 0.673 | 70.50 | 72.84 | 68.87 | 12.16 | 12.34 | 11.97 | 6.896 | 6.676 | 7.333 | 9.057 | 7.963 | 9.550 |
Kerala | 0.752 | 0.834 | 0.713 | 0.716 | 74.23 | 77.32 | 72.35 | 14.20 | 14.77 | 13.65 | 9.543 | 10.88 | 8.820 | 9.344 | 8.215 | 9.852 |
Lakshadweep | 0.715 | 0.785 | 0.649 | 0.718 | 71.01 | 73.46 | 69.35 | 12.83 | 13.35 | 12.39 | 8.779 | 9.408 | 8.726 | 9.356 | 8.225 | 9.865 |
Madhya Pradesh | 0.596 | 0.693 | 0.509 | 0.600 | 65.05 | 66.19 | 63.62 | 11.31 | 11.24 | 11.35 | 5.839 | 5.062 | 6.603 | 8.577 | 7.541 | 9.044 |
Maharashtra | 0.688 | 0.779 | 0.620 | 0.676 | 70.60 | 72.97 | 68.97 | 12.75 | 12.71 | 12.73 | 7.963 | 7.793 | 8.356 | 9.077 | 7.980 | 9.571 |
Manipur | 0.678 | 0.783 | 0.656 | 0.606 | 70.87 | 73.29 | 69.21 | 13.15 | 13.19 | 13.13 | 8.727 | 8.898 | 8.953 | 8.619 | 7.578 | 9.088 |
Meghalaya | 0.643 | 0.753 | 0.572 | 0.616 | 68.93 | 70.94 | 67.38 | 12.67 | 13.38 | 11.98 | 6.613 | 7.429 | 6.196 | 8.684 | 7.635 | 9.157 |
Mizoram | 0.688 | 0.725 | 0.636 | 0.705 | 67.15 | 68.77 | 65.66 | 12.64 | 12.71 | 12.51 | 8.549 | 9.347 | 8.205 | 9.271 | 8.150 | 9.775 |
Nagaland | 0.670 | 0.767 | 0.614 | 0.639 | 69.84 | 72.05 | 68.25 | 12.70 | 13.14 | 12.27 | 7.838 | 8.352 | 7.665 | 8.835 | 7.767 | 9.315 |
New Delhi | 0.730 | 0.775 | 0.684 | 0.733 | 70.35 | 72.66 | 68.73 | 13.30 | 13.84 | 12.80 | 9.428 | 9.711 | 9.436 | 9.460 | 8.317 | 9.975 |
Orissa | 0.597 | 0.717 | 0.505 | 0.587 | 66.62 | 68.13 | 65.16 | 11.07 | 11.09 | 11.09 | 5.912 | 5.535 | 6.461 | 8.492 | 7.466 | 8.954 |
Puducherry | 0.726 | 0.794 | 0.664 | 0.724 | 71.60 | 74.17 | 69.90 | 12.99 | 13.69 | 12.33 | 9.104 | 9.420 | 9.313 | 9.399 | 8.263 | 9.910 |
Punjab | 0.694 | 0.765 | 0.598 | 0.729 | 69.73 | 71.92 | 68.14 | 12.34 | 12.94 | 11.79 | 7.670 | 8.157 | 7.522 | 9.432 | 8.292 | 9.945 |
Rajasthan | 0.638 | 0.725 | 0.543 | 0.660 | 67.13 | 68.75 | 65.65 | 12.62 | 12.49 | 12.78 | 5.766 | 4.467 | 7.011 | 8.973 | 7.889 | 9.461 |
Sikkim | 0.702 | 0.785 | 0.644 | 0.683 | 71.04 | 73.50 | 69.38 | 13.89 | 14.37 | 13.39 | 7.754 | 8.352 | 7.504 | 9.128 | 8.025 | 9.625 |
Tamil Nadu | 0.686 | 0.791 | 0.608 | 0.671 | 71.40 | 73.93 | 69.71 | 12.68 | 13.14 | 12.23 | 7.691 | 7.915 | 7.854 | 9.047 | 7.954 | 9.539 |
Telangana | 0.647 | 0.748 | 0.542 | 0.667 | 68.59 | 70.53 | 67.06 | 12.47 | 12.65 | 12.30 | 5.870 | 5.208 | 6.698 | 9.022 | 7.932 | 9.513 |
Tripura | 0.629 | 0.773 | 0.549 | 0.586 | 70.25 | 72.54 | 68.63 | 11.84 | 11.69 | 12.08 | 6.603 | 6.701 | 6.746 | 8.486 | 7.461 | 8.948 |
Uttar Pradesh | 0.592 | 0.667 | 0.524 | 0.591 | 63.39 | 64.12 | 61.96 | 11.22 | 11.11 | 11.34 | 6.383 | 5.535 | 7.314 | 8.519 | 7.490 | 8.983 |
Uttarakhand | 0.672 | 0.733 | 0.609 | 0.678 | 67.66 | 69.40 | 66.16 | 12.50 | 12.85 | 12.16 | 7.869 | 7.478 | 8.498 | 9.093 | 7.994 | 9.588 |
West Bengal | 0.624 | 0.761 | 0.534 | 0.598 | 69.48 | 71.61 | 67.90 | 11.77 | 12.27 | 11.30 | 6.226 | 6.179 | 6.480 | 8.567 | 7.532 | 9.033 |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion)" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 257. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ^ "Selected Socio-Economic Statistics India, 2011" (PDF). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. October 2011. Table 11.1, page 165. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- ^ "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion)" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
- ^ Human Development Report 2013 UNDP, page 64, Tabel 3.1
- ^ "Human Development Report 2014 – Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience". United Nations Development Programme. January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
- ^ "India slips in human development index". The Hindu. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ "| Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org. January 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ "Human Development". Retrieved 4 February 2023.
- ^ "Construction of the SHDI and SGDI Indices". Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ "Gendering Human Development". Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ "Human development index". Retrieved 27 January 2023.
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- ^ "Gendering Human Development Indices" (PDF). Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India with UNDP India. March 2009.
- ^ Gendering Human Development Indices Archived 1 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Govt of India with UNDP India (2009)
- ^ "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion)" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
- ^ "Meghalaya Human Development Report 2008" (PDF). p. 23.
- ^ "General Reports: Planning Commission, Government of India". planningcommission.nic.in. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
- ^ "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion) – Summary" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 2. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "Custom set of indicators (2021) – Subnational HDI – Table – Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
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