Orokaiva | |
---|---|
Orokaivic | |
Native to | Papua New Guinea |
Region | Oro Province |
Ethnicity | Orokaiva |
Native speakers | 47,000 (2000 census – 2007)[1] |
Trans–New Guinea
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:okv – Orokaivahkk – Hunjaraaez – Aeka |
Glottolog | orok1268 |
IETF | okv[2] |
Orokaiva is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea.
Varieties
[edit]Orokaiva is spoken in 200 villages around Popondetta in Oro Province.
Hunjara is spoken in Kokoda Rural LLG of Oro Province.
Aeka is spoken in Tamata Rural LLG of Oro Province.[1]
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |
voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||
Affricate | d͡z | ||||
Fricative | s | h |
- Voiced stops /b, d, ɡ/ may fluctuate to prenasalized stop sounds [ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ] in word-initial position. The prenasalized stop sounds are also heard among the voiced stops when in post-nasal sequences.
- /b/ can be heard as [β] in intervocalic positions, and may also be heard as a voiced bilabial rounded fricative [β̹] when before /a/ in intervocalic positions..
- /d/ may occur as flap sounds [ɾ, ɽ, ɺ] in free fluctuation in word-medial positions, except when after a nasal sound.
- /d͡z/ may have fluctuating allophones of [d͡ʒ, ʒ] occurring in syllable-initial positions.
- Word-final nasal sounds /-n, -ŋ/ when after a vowel, may result in vowel nasalization [Ṽ].
Vowels
[edit]Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | u | |
Mid | e | o | |
Low | a |
- Sounds [i, u, a] can have allophones [ɪ, ʊ, ʌ].
References
[edit]- ^ a b Orokaiva at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Hunjara at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Aeka at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ "Orokaiva". IANA language subtag registry. 29 July 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- Larsen, Robert E. & Marlys Larsen. 1977. Orokaiva phonology and orthography. In Richard Loving (ed.), Phonologies of five P.N.G. languages, 5-28. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
External links
[edit]- Humotepain-Ari te Giu, Prayers and Offices in Orokaiva (1953) Digitized by Richard Mammana
- "Orokaiva Phonology and Orthography" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-10. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help)
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction