| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(In) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Indium (49In) consists of two primordial nuclides, with the most common (~ 95.7%) nuclide (115In) being measurably though weakly radioactive. Its spin-forbidden decay has a half-life of 4.41×1014 years, much longer than the currently accepted age of the Universe.
The stable isotope 113In is only 4.3% of naturally occurring indium. Among elements with a known stable isotope, only tellurium and rhenium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope. Other than 115In, the longest-lived radioisotope is 111In, with a half-life of 2.8047 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than a day. This element also has 47 isomers, the longest-lived being 114m1In, with a half-life of 49.51 days. All other meta-states have half-lives less than a day, most less than an hour, and many measured in milliseconds or less.
Indium-111 is used medically in nuclear imaging, as a radiotracer nuclide tag for gamma camera localization of protein radiopharmaceuticals, such as In-111-labeled octreotide, which binds to receptors on certain endocrine tumors (Octreoscan).[4] Indium-111 is also used in indium white blood cell scans, which use nuclear medical techniques to search for hidden infections.
Several proton-rich isotopes of indium (including indium-99) have been used to measure the mass of the doubly-magic isotope tin-100.[5][6]
List of isotopes[edit]
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life [n 4] |
Decay mode [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7] |
Spin and parity [n 8][n 4] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
97In | 49 | 48 | 96.94954(64)# | 5# ms | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||||
98In | 49 | 49 | 97.94214(21)# | 45(23) ms [32(+32−11) ms] |
β+ | 98Cd | 0+# | ||||||||||||
98mIn | 0(500)# keV | 1.7(8) s [1.2(+12−4) s] |
|||||||||||||||||
99In | 49 | 50 | 98.93422(43)# | 3.1(8) s [3.0(+8−7) s] |
β+ | 99Cd | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
99mIn | 400(150)# keV | 1# s | 1/2−# | ||||||||||||||||
100In | 49 | 51 | 99.93111(27) | 5.9(2) s | β+ (96.1%) | 100Cd | (6, 7)+ | ||||||||||||
β+, p (3.9%) | 99Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
101In | 49 | 52 | 100.92634(32)# | 15.1(3) s | β+ | 101Cd | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
β+, p | 100Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
101mIn | 550(100)# keV | 10# s | 1/2−# | ||||||||||||||||
102In | 49 | 53 | 101.92409(12) | 23.3(1) s | β+ (99.99%) | 102Cd | (6+) | ||||||||||||
β+, p (.00929%) | 101Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
103In | 49 | 54 | 102.919914(27) | 60(1) s | β+ | 103Cd | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
103mIn | 631.7(1) keV | 34(2) s | (1/2−)# | ||||||||||||||||
104In | 49 | 55 | 103.91830(9) | 1.80(3) min | β+ | 104Cd | 5, 6(+) | ||||||||||||
104mIn | 93.48(10) keV | 15.7(5) s | IT (80%) | 104In | (3+) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (20%) | 104Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
105In | 49 | 56 | 104.914674(19) | 5.07(7) min | β+ | 105Cd | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
105mIn | 674.1(3) keV | 48(6) s | IT | 105In | (1/2)− | ||||||||||||||
106In | 49 | 57 | 105.913465(13) | 6.2(1) min | β+ | 106Cd | 7+ | ||||||||||||
106mIn | 28.6(3) keV | 5.2(1) min | β+ | 106Cd | (3+) | ||||||||||||||
107In | 49 | 58 | 106.910295(12) | 32.4(3) min | β+ | 107Cd | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
107mIn | 678.5(3) keV | 50.4(6) s | IT | 107In | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
108In | 49 | 59 | 107.909698(10) | 58.0(12) min | β+ | 108Cd | 7+ | ||||||||||||
108mIn | 29.75(5) keV | 39.6(7) min | β+ | 108Cd | 2+ | ||||||||||||||
109In | 49 | 60 | 108.907151(6) | 4.2(1) h | β+ | 109Cd | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
109m1In | 650.1(3) keV | 1.34(7) min | IT | 109In | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
109m2In | 2101.8(2) keV | 209(6) ms | (19/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
110In | 49 | 61 | 109.907165(13) | 4.9(1) h | β+ | 110Cd | 7+ | ||||||||||||
110mIn | 62.1(5) keV | 69.1(5) min | β+ | 110Cd | 2+ | ||||||||||||||
111In[n 9] | 49 | 62 | 110.905103(5) | 2.8047(5) d | EC | 111Cd | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
111mIn | 536.95(6) keV | 7.7(2) min | IT | 111In | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
112In | 49 | 63 | 111.905532(6) | 14.97(10) min | β+ (56%) | 112Cd | 1+ | ||||||||||||
β− (44%) | 112Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
112m1In | 156.59(5) keV | 20.56(6) min | β+ | 112Cd | 4+ | ||||||||||||||
112m2In | 350.76(9) keV | 690(50) ns | 7+ | ||||||||||||||||
112m3In | 613.69(14) keV | 2.81(3) μs | 8− | ||||||||||||||||
113In[n 10] | 49 | 64 | 112.904058(3) | Stable | 9/2+ | 0.0429(5) | |||||||||||||
113mIn | 391.699(3) keV | 1.6579(4) h | IT | 113In | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
114In | 49 | 65 | 113.904914(3) | 71.9(1) s | β+ (0.5%) | 114Cd | 1+ | ||||||||||||
β− (99.5%) | 114Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
114m1In | 190.29(3) keV | 49.51(1) d | IT (96.75%) | 114In | 5+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (3.25%) | 114Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
114m2In | 501.94(3) keV | 43.1(6) ms | IT (96.75%) | 114In | (8−) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (3.25%) | 114Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
114m3In | 641.72(3) keV | 4.3(4) μs | (7+) | ||||||||||||||||
115In[n 10][n 11] | 49 | 66 | 114.903878(5) | 4.41(25)×1014 a | β− | 115Sn | 9/2+ | 0.9571(5) | |||||||||||
115mIn | 336.244(17) keV | 4.486(4) h | IT (95%) | 115In | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
β− (5%) | 115Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
116In | 49 | 67 | 115.905260(5) | 14.10(3) s | β− (99.98%)[7] | 116Sn | 1+ | ||||||||||||
EC (0.02%)[7] | 116Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
116m1In | 127.267(6) keV | 54.29(17) min | 5+ | ||||||||||||||||
116m2In | 289.660(6) keV | 2.18(4) s | 8− | ||||||||||||||||
117In | 49 | 68 | 116.904514(6) | 43.2(3) min | β− | 117Sn | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
117mIn | 315.302(12) keV | 116.2(3) min | β− (52.91%) | 117Sn | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
IT (47.09%) | 117In | ||||||||||||||||||
118In | 49 | 69 | 117.906354(9) | 5.0(5) s | β− | 118Sn | 1+ | ||||||||||||
118m1In | 100(50)# keV | 4.364(7) min | β− | 118Sn | 5+ | ||||||||||||||
118m2In | 240(50)# keV | 8.5(3) s | 8− | ||||||||||||||||
119In | 49 | 70 | 118.905845(8) | 2.4(1) min | β− | 119Sn | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
119m1In | 311.37(3) keV | 18.0(3) min | β− (94.4%) | 119Sn | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
IT (5.6%) | 119In | ||||||||||||||||||
119m2In | 654.27(7) keV | 130(15) ns | 1/2+, 3/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
120In | 49 | 71 | 119.90796(4) | 3.08(8) s | β− | 120Sn | 1+ | ||||||||||||
120m1In | 50(60)# keV | 46.2(8) s | 5+ | ||||||||||||||||
120m2In | 300(200)# keV | 47.3(5) s | β− | 120Sn | 8(−) | ||||||||||||||
121In | 49 | 72 | 120.907846(29) | 23.1(6) s | β− | 121Sn | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
121mIn | 312.98(8) keV | 3.88(10) min | β− (98.8%) | 121Sn | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
IT (1.2%) | 121In | ||||||||||||||||||
122In | 49 | 73 | 121.91028(5) | 1.5(3) s | β− | 122Sn | 1+ | ||||||||||||
122m1In | 40(60)# keV | 10.3(6) s | 5+ | ||||||||||||||||
122m2In | 290(140) keV | 10.8(4) s | β− | 122Sn | 8− | ||||||||||||||
123In | 49 | 74 | 122.910438(26) | 6.17(5) s | β− | 123mSn | (9/2)+ | ||||||||||||
123mIn | 327.21(4) keV | 47.4(4) s | β− | 123mSn | (1/2)− | ||||||||||||||
124In | 49 | 75 | 123.91318(5) | 3.11(10) s | β− | 124Sn | 3+ | ||||||||||||
124mIn | −20(70) keV | 3.7(2) s | β− | 124Sn | (8)(−#) | ||||||||||||||
IT | 124In | ||||||||||||||||||
125In | 49 | 76 | 124.91360(3) | 2.36(4) s | β− | 125mSn | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
125mIn | 360.12(9) keV | 12.2(2) s | β− | 125Sn | 1/2(−) | ||||||||||||||
126In | 49 | 77 | 125.91646(4) | 1.53(1) s | β− | 126Sn | 3(+#) | ||||||||||||
126mIn | 100(60) keV | 1.64(5) s | β− | 126Sn | 8(−#) | ||||||||||||||
127In | 49 | 78 | 126.91735(4) | 1.09(1) s | β− (99.97%) | 127mSn | 9/2(+) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (.03%) | 126Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
127mIn | 460(70) keV | 3.67(4) s | β− (99.31%) | 127mSn | (1/2−) | ||||||||||||||
β−, n (.69%) | 126Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
128In | 49 | 79 | 127.92017(5) | 0.84(6) s | β− (99.96%) | 128Sn | (3)+ | ||||||||||||
β−, n (.038%) | 127Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
128m1In | 247.87(10) keV | 10(7) ms | (1)− | ||||||||||||||||
128m2In | 320(60) keV | 720(100) ms | β− | 128Sn | (8−) | ||||||||||||||
129In | 49 | 80 | 128.92170(5) | 611(4) ms | β− (99.75%) | 129Sn | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (.25%) | 128Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
129m1In | 380(70) keV | 1.23(3) s | β− (97.2%) | 129Sn | (1/2−)# | ||||||||||||||
β−, n (2.5%) | 128Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (.3%) | 129In | ||||||||||||||||||
129m2In | 1688.0(5) keV | 8.5(5) μs | 17/2− | ||||||||||||||||
130In | 49 | 81 | 129.92497(4) | 0.29(2) s | β− (98.35%) | 130Sn | 1(−) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (1.65%) | 129Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
130m1In | 50(50) keV | 538(5) ms | 10-# | ||||||||||||||||
130m2In | 400(60) keV | 0.54(1) s | (5+) | ||||||||||||||||
131In | 49 | 82 | 130.92685(3) | 0.28(3) s | β− (97.8%) | 131Sn | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (2.19%) | 130Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
131m1In | 363(37) keV | 0.35(5) s | (1/2−) | ||||||||||||||||
131m2In | 4.10(7) MeV | 320(60) ms | (19/2+ to 23/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
132In | 49 | 83 | 131.93299(7) | 206(4) ms | β− (94.8%) | 132Sn | (7−) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (5.2%) | 131Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
133In | 49 | 84 | 132.93781(32)# | 165(3) ms | β−, n (85%) | 132Sn | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
β− (15%) | 133Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
133mIn | 330(40)# keV | 180# ms | IT | 133In | (1/2−) | ||||||||||||||
134In | 49 | 85 | 133.94415(43)# | 140(4) ms | β− (79%) | 134Sn | |||||||||||||
β−, n (17%) | 133Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
β−, 2n (4%) | 132Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
135In | 49 | 86 | 134.94933(54)# | 92(10) ms | β− | 135Sn | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
136In | 49 | 87 | 85 ms | β− | 136Sn | ||||||||||||||
137In | 49 | 88 | 65 ms | β− | 137Sn | ||||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mIn – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition n: Neutron emission p: Proton emission - ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ Used in medical applications
- ^ a b Fission product
- ^ Primordial radionuclide
References[edit]
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Indium". CIAAW. 2011.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ "Octreoscan review". Medscape.
- ^ "Precision mass measurements of indium isotopes allow conclusions on the mass of the doubly-magic atomic nucleus of tin-100". GSI. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
- ^ "Tin 100 probed by studying its neighboring isotopes, indium 99 and 101 – IJCLab". Retrieved 2023-09-10.
- ^ a b National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 3.0". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
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