| Original author(s) | Hewlett-Packard |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Various open-source and commercial developers |
| Repository | https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/libiconv.git |
| Operating system | Unix, Unix-like, Microsoft Windows, IBM i |
| Platform | Cross-platform |
| Type | Command |
| License | libiconv: LGPL iconv: GPL win-iconv: Public domain[1] |
In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, iconv (an abbreviation of internationalization conversion)[2] is a command-line program[3] and a standardized application programming interface (API)[4] used to convert between different character encodings. "It can convert from any of these encodings to any other, through Unicode conversion."[5]
History
[edit]Initially appearing on the HP-UX operating system,[6]iconv() as well as the utility was standardized within XPG4 and is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS).
Implementations
[edit]Most Linux distributions provide an implementation, either from the GNU Standard C Library (included since version 2.1, February 1999), or the more traditional GNU libiconv, for systems based on other Standard C Libraries.
The iconv function[7] on both is licensed as LGPL, so it is linkable with closed source applications.
Unlike the libraries, the iconv utility is licensed under GPL in both implementations.[8]
The GNU libiconv implementation is portable, and can be used on various UNIX-like and non-UNIX systems. Version 0.3 dates from December 1999.
The uconv utility from International Components for Unicode provides an iconv-compatible command-line syntax for transcoding.
Most BSD systems use NetBSD's implementation, which first appeared in December 2004.
Support
[edit]Currently, over a hundred different character encodings are supported in the GNU variant.[5]
Ports
[edit]Under Microsoft Windows, the iconv library and the utility is provided by GNU's libiconv found in Cygwin[9] and GnuWin32[10] environments; there is also a "purely Win32" implementation called "win-iconv" that uses Windows' built-in routines for conversion.[11] The iconv function is also available for many programming languages.
The iconv command has also been ported to the IBM i operating system.[12]
Usage
[edit]stdin can be converted from ISO-8859-1 to current locale and output to stdout using:[13]
iconv -f iso-8859-1
An input file infile can be converted from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 and output to output file outfile using:
iconv -f iso-8859-1 -t utf-8 <infile> -o <outfile>
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "win-iconv/readme.txt at master · win-iconv/win-iconv · GitHub".
- ^ "R: Convert Character Vector between Encodings". astrostatistics.psu.edu. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "iconv". pubs.opengroup.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "iconv". www.opengroup.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ a b "libiconv - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)". www.gnu.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "iconv(3C)". docstore.mik.ua. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "glibc: iconv/iconv.c". Retrieved 30 November 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "glibc: iconv/iconv_prog.c". Retrieved 30 November 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Cygwin Package Search: libiconv". Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ "LibIconv for Windows". gnuwin32.sourceforge.net. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "win32-iconv". GitHub. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ IBM. "IBM System i Version 7.2 Programming Qshell" (PDF). Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ^ "IBM Knowledge Center". www-01.ibm.com. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
External links
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Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
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