A hole opener is a device used to enlarge the borehole during a well drilling operation. It can be positioned either above the drill bit or above a pilot run inside the existing borehole. Usages range from hydrocarbon drilling operations to water drilling or horizontal drilling. Hole openers are also used when a hole must be logged, since logging tools generally cannot handle holes larger than 17 and a half inches in diameter.[1]
Hole opener arms have to sustain heavy loads during operations[2] and are generally made of high-grade alloy steel, welded onto a solid alloy steel body. Some designs feature replaceable arms, allowing for size changes but decreasing overall robustness. Numerous designs exist, in sizes varying from a couple of inches to above 50". They can have rolling cutters or drag blades, and can be used for either direct or reverse circulation applications.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jahn, Frank (13 March 1998). Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production. Elsevier Science. p. 45. ISBN 9780080534251. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ HDD Practice Handbook. Vulkan-Verlag. 2005. p. 58. ISBN 9783802727399. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ Rowles, Raymond (29 September 2017). Drilling for Water: A Practical Manual. Taylor & Francis. p. 40. ISBN 9781351942898. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
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Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction