Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Homeobox expressed in ES cells 1 , also known as homeobox protein ANF , is a homeobox protein that in humans is encoded by the HESX1 gene .[5]
Expression of HEX1 and HESX1 marks the anterior visceral endoderm of the embryo. The AVE is an extra-embryonic tissue, key to the establishment of the anterior-posterior body axis.
Clinical significance [ edit ] Mutations in the HESX1 gene are associated with some cases of septo-optic dysplasia [6] Pickardt-Fahlbusch syndrome .[7]
References [ edit ]
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163666 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040726 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Entrez Gene: HESX homeobox 1" .^ Dattani MT, Martinez-Barbera JP, Thomas PQ, et al. (1998). "Mutations in the homeobox gene HESX1/Hesx1 associated with septo-optic dysplasia in human and mouse". Nat. Genet . 19 (2): 125–33. doi :10.1038/477 . PMID 9620767 . S2CID 28880292 . ^ Reynaud R, Albarel F, Saveanu A, Kaffel N, Castinetti F, Lecomte P, Brauner R, Simonin G, Gaudart J, Carmona E, Enjalbert A, Barlier A, Brue T (January 2011). "Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome in 83 patients: novel HESX1 mutation and severe hormonal prognosis in malformative forms" . Eur J Endocrinol . 164 (4): 457–65. doi :10.1530/EJE-10-0892 PMID 21270112 .
Further reading [ edit ]
Carvalho LR, Brinkmeier ML, Castinetti F, et al. (2010). "Corepressors TLE1 and TLE3 interact with HESX1 and PROP1" . Mol. Endocrinol . 24 (4): 754–65. doi :10.1210/me.2008-0359 . PMC 2852357 PMID 20181723 . Kim SS, Kim Y, Shin YL, et al. (2003). "Clinical characteristics and molecular analysis of PIT1, PROP1,LHX3, and HESX1 in combined pituitary hormone deficiency patients with abnormal pituitary MR imaging". Horm. Res . 60 (6): 277–83. doi :10.1159/000074245 . PMID 14646405 . S2CID 31256955 . Torrado M, Revuelta J, Gonzalez C, et al. (2009). "Role of conserved salt bridges in homeodomain stability and DNA binding" . J. Biol. Chem . 284 (35): 23765–79. doi :10.1074/jbc.M109.012054 PMC 2749150 PMID 19561080 . Dattani MT, Robinson IC (2002). "HESX1 and Septo-Optic Dysplasia". Rev Endocr Metab Disord . 3 (4): 289–300. doi :10.1023/A:1020945406356 . PMID 12424431 . S2CID 26948906 . Carvalho LR, Woods KS, Mendonca BB, et al. (2003). "A homozygous mutation in HESX1 is associated with evolving hypopituitarism due to impaired repressor-corepressor interaction" (PDF) . J. Clin. Invest . 112 (8): 1192–201. doi :10.1172/JCI18589 . PMC 213489 PMID 14561704 . Diaczok D, Romero C, Zunich J, et al. (2008). "A novel dominant negative mutation of OTX2 associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency" . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab . 93 (11): 4351–9. doi :10.1210/jc.2008-1189 . PMC 2582563 PMID 18728160 . Fintini D, Salvatori R, Salemi S, et al. (2006). "Autosomal-dominant isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD type II) with normal GH-1 gene". Horm. Res . 65 (2): 76–82. doi :10.1159/000091033 . PMID 16424673 . S2CID 29894981 . Dateki S, Fukami M, Uematsu A, et al. (2010). "Mutation and gene copy number analyses of six pituitary transcription factor genes in 71 patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency: identification of a single patient with LHX4 deletion" . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab . 95 (8): 4043–7. doi :10.1210/jc.2010-0150 PMID 20534763 . Cohen RN, Cohen LE, Botero D, et al. (2003). "Enhanced repression by HESX1 as a cause of hypopituitarism and septooptic dysplasia" . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab . 88 (10): 4832–9. doi :10.1210/jc.2002-021868 PMID 14557462 . Sobrier ML, Maghnie M, Vié-Luton MP, et al. (2006). "Novel HESX1 mutations associated with a life-threatening neonatal phenotype, pituitary aplasia, but normally located posterior pituitary and no optic nerve abnormalities" . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab . 91 (11): 4528–36. doi :10.1210/jc.2006-0426 PMID 16940453 . Dasen JS, Rosenfeld MG (2001). "Signaling and transcriptional mechanisms in pituitary development". Annu. Rev. Neurosci . 24 : 327–55. doi :10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.327 . PMID 11283314 . Tajima T, Hattorri T, Nakajima T, et al. (2003). "Sporadic heterozygous frameshift mutation of HESX1 causing pituitary and optic nerve hypoplasia and combined pituitary hormone deficiency in a Japanese patient" . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab . 88 (1): 45–50. doi :10.1210/jc.2002-020818 PMID 12519827 . Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)" . Genome Res . 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi :10.1101/gr.2596504 . PMC 528928 PMID 15489334 . Mellado C, Poduri A, Gleason D, et al. (2010). "Candidate gene sequencing of LHX2, HESX1, and SOX2 in a large schizencephaly cohort" . Am. J. Med. Genet. A . 152A (11): 2736–42. doi :10.1002/ajmg.a.33684 . PMC 2965295 PMID 20949537 . Sajedi E, Gaston-Massuet C, Andoniadou CL, et al. (2008). "DNMT1 interacts with the developmental transcriptional repressor HESX1" . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1783 (1): 131–43. doi :10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.08.010 . PMC 2233781 PMID 17931718 . McNay DE, Turton JP, Kelberman D, et al. (2007). "HESX1 mutations are an uncommon cause of septooptic dysplasia and hypopituitarism" . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab . 92 (2): 691–7. doi :10.1210/jc.2006-1609 PMID 17148560 . Kelberman D, Dattani MT (2007). "Genetics of septo-optic dysplasia". Pituitary . 10 (4): 393–407. doi :10.1007/s11102-007-0055-5 . PMID 17587179 . S2CID 25143489 . Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 . Ravasi T, Suzuki H, Cannistraci CV, et al. (2010). "An atlas of combinatorial transcriptional regulation in mouse and man" . Cell . 140 (5): 744–52. doi :10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.044 . PMC 2836267 PMID 20211142 . Dattani MT (2003). "Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome: a novel pituitary phenotype due to mutation in a novel gene". J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab . 16 (9): 1207–9. doi :10.1515/jpem.2003.16.9.1207 . PMID 14714741 . S2CID 45542882 .
External links [ edit ]
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP )(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH )
Group A Group B Group CPAS Group D Group E Group F
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP (1.4) NF-1 (1.5) RF-X (1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4 )
subfamily 1 subfamily 2 subfamily 3 subfamily 4 subfamily 5 subfamily 6 subfamily 0
(2.2) Other Cys4 (2.3) Cys2 His2 (2.4) Cys6 (2.5) Alternating composition (2.6) WRKY
(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts
(0) Other transcription factors
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction