A geographic top-level domain (often shortened as geographic TLD or geoTLD) is any of an unofficial group of top-level domains in the Domain Name System of the Internet using the name of or invoking an association with a geographical, geopolitical, ethnic, linguistic or cultural community. The IANA does not recognize these domains as their own group within the Root Zone Database, rather classifying them as generic top-level domains.
As of 2014[update], several examples of geographic TLDs exist: .london,[1] enabling London businesses, organizations, and individuals to establish an online naming presence, .asia (for Asia), .rio (for Rio de Janeiro city), .quebec (for Québec province), .cat which is a sponsored top-level domain intended to be used to highlight the Catalan language and culture. .eu is a country code top-level domain, since "EU" is a reserved country code for the European Union in ISO 3166-1.
In 2017, an interest group focused on geographic TLDs was formed and joined as a member of the Registry Stakeholder Group (RySG) at ICANN. The GeoTLD Group AISBL is an international non-for-profit membership association resident in Belgium. It represents and promotes the interests of organizations operating a generic top-level domain which denominates a geographic name, geographic identifier or geographic origin (so-called GeoTLD) with the purpose of serving the respective place, language and culture on the internet.[2]
Proposals[edit]
Examples of proposed top-level domains in this category are:
.corsica(the French island of Corsica).αθήνα(Athens, Greece).berlin(city of Berlin, Germany).wien(city of Vienna, Austria).bcn(city of Barcelona).bzh(Breton community)[3].cym(Wales (Cymru); awarded to the Cayman Islands)[4].cymru(Wales (Cymru)).wales(Wales).eus(Basque language)[5].gal(Galician language)[6].lat(Latin America).saarland(the German state of Saarland)[7].africa(African and Pan African communities).scot(Scots community).vlaanderen(Flanders, Belgium)[8].上海(Shanghai).lnand.le- Currently being sold by Dennis Hope's "Lunar Embassy Commission" alongside.lunar,.moon,.venus,.mars,.jupiter,.saturn,.uranus,.neptune,.pluto,.space. People who purchase novelty deeds for outer space property from him are also given free domains.[9] None of these TLDs are supported by the root servers and it is unlikely they will be in the future (Although, with the ICANN decision to allow registration of custom gTLDs, it becomes possible)..toronto(Toronto)
Applications[edit]
On June 13, 2012 ICANN revealed nearly 2,000 applications for new top-level domains, which were expected to go live throughout 2014 after thorough examination.[10]
Many of these are geographic, including:
- .africa
- .alsace
- .amsterdam .amsterdam
- .bar (intended for Bar, Montenegro)
- .barcelona
- .bayern
- .bcn (for Barcelona)
- .berlin .berlin
- .brussels .brussels
- .budapest
- .bzh (for Brittany)
- .catalonia
- .corsica .corsica
- .cymru (for Wales, in Welsh)
- .doha
- .durban
- .hamburg .hamburg
- .helsinki
- .istanbul
- .kiwi (for New Zealand)
- .koeln (for Cologne)
- .kyoto
- .lat (for Latin America)
- .london
- .madrid
- .melbourne .melbourne
- .miami
- .moscow
- .nagoya
- .nrw (for North Rhine-Westphalia)
- .nyc (for New York City)
- .osaka
- .paris
- .persiangulf
- .quebec (for quebec)
- .rio (for Rio de Janeiro)
- .roma
- .saarland
- .scot
- .stockholm
- .sydney
- .taipei
- .thai
- .tirol
- .tokyo
- .vegas .vegas
- .wales (for Wales, in English)
- .wien (for Vienna, Austria)
- .vlaanderen (.vlaanderen for Flanders)
- .yokohama
- .zuerich
- .zulu
- .москва (for Moscow)
- .рус (for the Russian-speaking community[11])
- .ابوظبي (for Abu Dhabi)
- .佛山 (for Foshan)
- .广州 (for Guangzhou)
- .深圳 (for Shenzhen)
Internationalized country codes[edit]
An internationalized country code is similar to a GeoTLD, with two differences: it is a domain used exclusively for a sovereign state. The other difference is that an internationalized country code is considered a ccTLD and not a GeoTLD. More free geographic ccTLD have been applied for and will be active in 2013.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Discover Why .London Is A Perfect Fit For Your Business". Dot London. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ "Promoting local digital Identities for Cities, Regions, Languages and Cultures on the Internet". GeoTLD Group AISBL. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ ".BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne". .BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ "Help Wales Profit from the Next Major Change to the Internet..." dotCYM. Cedwir pob hawl. 2008. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016.
- ^ ".eus the Basque language and culture on the Internet". PuntuEus Elkartea. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011.
- ^ ".gal Asociación". Asociación PuntoGal (in Galician). 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ GmbH, dotSaarland. "dotSaarland GmbH - Das kleinste Internet Deutschlands - nic.saarland". nic.saarland. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ "Registry for .be, .brussels and .vlaanderen". www.dnsbelgium.be. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ Hope, David. "The Lunar Embassy". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ Reveal Day 13 June 2012 – New gTLD Applied-For Strings Archived June 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "ICANN New gTLD Application". gtldresult.icann.org. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
External links[edit]
- Contribution about GeoTLD at the United Nations Internet Governance Forum IGF in Athens 2006
- Article about GeoTLDs by former German Governmental Advisory Committee GAC member at ICANN Michael Leibrandt
- Workshop on GeoTLDs at ICANN Meeting in San Juan June 2007
- ICANN Public Participation Website
- ICANN GeoTLD wiki page
- CityTLD literature
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