The Fossil Fuel Levy (FFL) is a levy paid by suppliers of electricity from non-renewable energy sources in the United Kingdom. The costs are shared by the suppliers and consumers, as a proportion of the cost is passed on to consumers in the cost of the electricity supplied. The Fossil Fuel Levy was imposed to fund the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation.
Legislation
[edit]In England and Wales the Fossil Fuel Levy was introduced under the Electricity Act 1989. Section 33 of this Act was briefly superseded by the Fossil Fuel Levy Act 1998 until its repeal (by the Utilities Act 2000), bringing the FFL back under the Electricity Act.
In Scotland, the Fossil Fuel Levy was not imposed until 1996, as support for the nuclear industry in Scotland (the original purpose of the Levy in England and Wales) was provided by the 1990 Scottish 'Nuclear Energy Agreement'.
Rates
[edit]The Levy has been applied at various rates, but in recent years has been set at zero as the Climate Change Levy was introduced. Rates are controlled by Ofgem.
| England and Wales | [1] |
| April 1, 1990 | 10.6% |
| April 1, 1991 | 11% |
| April 1, 1993 | 10% |
| November 1, 1996 | 3.7% (following the privatisation of British Energy [2]) |
| April 1, 1997 | 2.2% |
| April 1, 1998 | 0.9% [3] |
| January 1, 1999 | 0.7% |
| October 1, 1999 | 0.3% [4] |
| April 1, 2002 | 0% [5][permanent dead link] |
| Scotland | |
| February 16, 1996 | 0.5% [6] |
| April 1, 1997 | 0.7% [7] |
| April 1, 1998 | 0.8% [8] |
| April 1, 1999? | 0% |
| April 1, 2000 | 0.8% [9] |
| April 1, 2001 | 1.2% [10] |
| April 1, 2002 | 0.6% [11] |
| November 1, 2002 | 0% [12] |
See also
[edit]- Climate Change Levy
- Renewables Obligation Certificates
- Energy policy of the United Kingdom
- Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom
External links
[edit]- Fossil Fuel Levy Act 1998
- The Fossil Fuel Levy (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2001
- The Fossil Fuel Levy (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2005
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction