Leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase, also known as cystinyl aminopeptidase (CAP), insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), human placental leucine aminopeptidase (PLAP), oxytocinase, and vasopressinase, is an enzyme of the aminopeptidase group that in humans is encoded by the LNPEPgene.[5][6]
This gene encodes a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase (metalloexopeptidase) that cleaves vasopressin, oxytocin, lys-bradykinin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin A and other peptide hormones. The protein can be secreted in maternal serum, reside in intracellular vesicles with the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, or form a type II integral membrane glycoprotein. The protein catalyzes the final step in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin IV (AT4) and is also a receptor for AT4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[6]
Mutations in this gene have been associated to psoriasis risk.(doi:10.1038/jid.2013.317)
Nomura S, Ito T, Yamamoto E, et al. (2005). "Gene regulation and physiological function of placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase during pregnancy". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1751 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.04.006. PMID15894523.
Mizutani S, Shibata K, Kikkawa F, et al. (2007). "Essential role of placental leucine aminopeptidase in gynecologic malignancy". Expert Opin. Ther. Targets. 11 (4): 453–61. doi:10.1517/14728222.11.4.453. PMID17373876. S2CID42839602.
Tsujimoto M, Mizutani S, Adachi H, et al. (1992). "Identification of human placental leucine aminopeptidase as oxytocinase". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 292 (2): 388–92. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90007-J. PMID1731608.
Mizutani S, Akiyama H, Kurauchi O, et al. (1985). "In vitro degradation of angiotensin II (A-II) by human placental subcellular fractions, pregnancy sera and purified placental aminopeptidases". Acta Endocrinol. 110 (1): 135–9. doi:10.1530/acta.0.1100135. PMID3898693.
Beckman L, Björling G, Christodoulou C (1966). "Pregnancy enzymes and placental polymorphism. II. Leucine aminopeptidase". Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica. 16 (2): 122–31. doi:10.1159/000151957. PMID5953194.
Laustsen PG, Rasmussen TE, Petersen K, et al. (1997). "The complete amino acid sequence of human placental oxytocinase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1352 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(97)00036-5. PMID9177475.
Nagasaka T, Nomura S, Okamura M, et al. (1998). "Immunohistochemical localization of placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase in normal human placental, fetal and adult tissues". Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 9 (8): 747–53. doi:10.1071/R97055. PMID9733056.
Horio J, Nomura S, Okada M, et al. (1999). "Structural organization of the 5'-end and chromosomal assignment of human placental leucine aminopeptidase/insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 262 (1): 269–74. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1184. PMID10448104.
Rasmussen TE, Pedraza-Díaz S, Hardré R, et al. (2000). "Structure of the human oxytocinase/insulin-regulated aminopeptidase gene and localization to chromosome 5q21". Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (8): 2297–306. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01234.x. PMID10759854.
Nakanishi Y, Nomura S, Okada M, et al. (2001). "Immunoaffinity purification and characterization of native placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase from human placenta". Placenta. 21 (7): 628–34. doi:10.1053/plac.2000.0564. PMID10985965.
Matsumoto H, Nagasaka T, Hattori A, et al. (2001). "Expression of placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase in neuronal cells and its action on neuronal peptides". Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (11): 3259–66. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02221.x. PMID11389728.
Iwase A, Nomura S, Mizutani S (2001). "Characterization of a secretase activity for placental leucine aminopeptidase". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 393 (1): 163–9. doi:10.1006/abbi.2001.2489. PMID11516173.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction