Cannabaceae

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Commission de régulation de l'énergie
AbbreviationCRE
FormationFebruary 10, 2000
TypeGeneral public administration
Location
LeaderEmmanuelle Wargon
Websitehttps://www.cre.fr/

The Commission de régulation de l'énergie (CRE, [kʁø] [1] or French Energy Regulatory Commission under its official English title) is an independent body that regulates the French electricity and gas markets. It is a member of the European Union organisation ACER and the all-European CEER (Council of European Energy Regulators).[2][3]

History[edit]

The commission was established by the laws of February 10, 2000,[4] related to the modernization and development of the public electricity service, originally named "Commission de régulation de l'électricité" (Electricity Regulatory Commission), and by the law of January 3, 2003,[5] concerning the gas and electricity markets and the public energy service. These laws transposed into French legislation the European directives of December 19, 1996, and June 22, 1998.[6] The second law opened the gas market and extended to this sector the powers that the (CRE) already had over the electricity market.

These directives, making up the "energy package," organize the liberalization of the energy market at the European Community level by ensuring:

  • the free choice of supplier for consumers;
  • the freedom of establishment for producers;
  • and the right of access to the distribution and transport networks under objective, transparent, and non-discriminatory conditions for all users.

To ensure transparency and non-discrimination in access to public electricity networks, the commission decided on April 7, 2004, to set up a technical reference framework for the managers of public electricity networks.[7]

Functions[edit]

According to the law of December 7, 2006, "the Energy Regulatory Commission contributes, for the benefit of final consumers, to the proper functioning of the electricity and natural gas markets. It ensures, in particular, that the conditions of access to electricity and natural gas transport and distribution networks do not hinder the development of competition. It monitors, for electricity and natural gas, the transactions carried out between suppliers, traders, and producers, the transactions carried out on organized markets, as well as exchanges across borders. It ensures the consistency of the offers from suppliers, traders, and producers with their economic and technical constraints."[8]

Composition[edit]

At its inception, the CRE was composed of six members appointed for a non-renewable six-year term: three, including the president, appointed by decree—therefore by the government—and the other three appointed respectively by the president of the Senate, the president of the National Assembly, and the president of the Economic, Social, and Environmental Council.[9] The law of January 3, 2003, increased this number to seven: two members, including the president, appointed by decree, two others appointed by the president of the National Assembly, two by the president of the Senate, and the last by the president of the Economic and Social Council.

The law of December 7, 2006, altered the board of commissioners by appointing two vice-presidents from among the commissioners designated by the presidents of the National Assembly and the Senate, and by adding two new commissioners representing consumers, appointed by decree, which then brought the number of members to nine.[8]

The new board of the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE), established by the law on the new organization of the electricity market (NOME law), now consists of five members, one president, and four commissioners who serve full-time:

  • The president of the CRE is appointed for a six-year term by decree of the President of the Republic after consultation with the Parliamentary committees competent in energy matters (the Economic Affairs Committee of the National Assembly and the Committee on the Economy, Sustainable Development, and Spatial Planning of the Senate);
  • One commissioner is appointed by the president of the Senate for four years;
  • One commissioner is appointed by the president of the National Assembly for four years;
  • Two commissioners are appointed by decree after consultation with the Parliamentary committees competent in energy matters for two years.

Thus, Emmanuelle Wargon was appointed president of the CRE by Emmanuel Macron on August 16, 2022, for a six-year term. She is accompanied on the board by four commissioners:

  • Catherine Edwige appointed on March 28, 2014, at the suggestion of the minister in charge of overseas territories;
  • Awaiting appointment;
  • Ivan Faucheux appointed on August 5, 2019, by decree of the President of the Republic;
  • Valérie Plagnol, appointed on November 2, 2021, at the suggestion of the president of the Senate.

The presidents of the CRE since its creation are:

References[edit]

  1. ^ S01E01 Jean-Laurent LASTELLE - Pourquoi la CRE s'intéresse à la Chine ?, retrieved 2022-02-25
  2. ^ "Qui sommes-nous ?". www.cre.fr (in French). Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  3. ^ "La CRE : à quoi sert la Commission de régulation de l'énergie ?". Jechange (in French). 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  4. ^ Loi n°2000-108 du 10 février 2000 relative à la modernisation et au développement du service public de l'électricité
  5. ^ Loi n°2003-8 du 3 janvier 2003 relative aux marchés du gaz et de l'électricité et au service public de l'énergie
  6. ^ « Directive 98/34/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 22 juin 1998 prévoyant une procédure d'information dans le domaine des normes et réglementations techniques », sur EUR-Lex
  7. ^ Décision de la Commission de régulation de l'énergie du 7 avril 2004 sur la mise en place des référentiels techniques des gestionnaires de réseaux publics d'électricité
  8. ^ a b Loi n°2006-1537 du 7 décembre 2006 relative au secteur de l'énergie.
  9. ^ Article 28 de la loi du 10 février 2000.
  10. ^ Les Échos, 9/2/2011
  11. ^ "Jean-François Carenco prend officiellement la tête du gendarme de l'énergie". L'Usine nouvelle. 2017-01-30.
  12. ^ Lann, Pierre (2022-08-17). "Laminée aux législatives, désavouée par les parlementaires, Emmanuelle Wargon recasée par Macron". www.marianne.net (in French). Retrieved 2022-08-17.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_de_r%C3%A9gulation_de_l%27%C3%A9nergie

One thought on “Cannabaceae”

  1. Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
    View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction

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