Cannabaceae

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Not to be confused with biphenol.

The bisphenols (/ˈbɪsfɪnɒl/) are a group of industrial chemical compounds related to diphenylmethane; commonly used in the creation of plastics and epoxy resins.[1][2][3] Most are based on two hydroxyphenyl functional groups linked by a methylene bridge. Exceptions include bisphenol S, P, and M. "Bisphenol" is a common name; the letter following denotes the variant, which depends on the additional substituents. Bisphenol A is the most popular representative of the group, with millions of metric tons produced globally in the past decade, often simply called "bisphenol".[3][4][5]

List[edit]

Structural formula Name CAS Reactants
Bisphenol A Bisphenol A 80-05-7 Phenol Acetone
Bisphenol AP Bisphenol AP 1571-75-1 Phenol Acetophenone
Bisphenol AF Bisphenol AF 1478-61-1 Phenol Hexafluoroacetone
Bisphenol B Bisphenol B 77-40-7 Phenol Butanone
Bisphenol BP Bisphenol BP 1844-01-5 Phenol Benzophenone
Bisphenol C Bisphenol C 79-97-0 o-cresol Acetone
Bisphenol CII Bisphenol C 2 14868-03-2 Phenol Chloral
Bisphenol E Bisphenol E 2081-08-5 Phenol Ethanal
Bisphenol F Bisphenol F 620-92-8 Phenol Formaldehyde
Bisphenol G Bisphenol G 127-54-8 2-Isopropylphenol Acetone
Bisphenol M Bisphenol M 13595-25-0
Bisphenol S Bisphenol S 80-09-1 Phenol Sulfur trioxide
Bisphenol P Bisphenol P 2167-51-3
Bisphenol PH Bisphenol PH 24038-68-4 2-Phenylphenol Acetone
Bisphenol TMC Bisphenol TMC 129188-99-4 Phenol 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanone
Bisphenol Z Bisphenol Z 843-55-0 Phenol Cyclohexanone
Dinitrobisphenol A Dinitrobisphenol A 5329-21-5 Bisphenol A Nitric acid
Tetrabromobisphenol A Tetrabromobisphenol A 79-94-7 Bisphenol A Bromine

Health effects[edit]

Bisphenols A (BPA), F (BPF) and S (BPS) have been shown to be endocrine disruptors, potentially relating to adverse health effects.[3][6] Due to its high production volumes, BPA has been characterised as a "pseudo-persistent" chemical,[7] leading to its spreading and potential accumulation in a variety of environmental matrices, even though it has a fairly short half-life.[8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Pelch KE, Wignall JA, Goldstone AE, Ross PK, Blain RB, Shapiro AJ, et al. (2017). NTP Research Report on Biological Activity of Bisphenol A (BPA) Structural Analogues and Functional Alternatives: Research Report 4. NTP Research Reports. Research Triangle Park (NC): National Toxicology Program. PMID 31944638.
  2. ^ Fishburn JL, Larson HL, Nguyen A, Welch CJ, Moore T, Penn A, et al. (2024-03-01). "Bisphenol F affects neurodevelopmental gene expression, mushroom body development, and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster". Neurotoxicology and Teratology. 102: 107331. Bibcode:2024NTxT..10207331F. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107331. PMID 38301979.
  3. ^ a b c Almeida S, Raposo A, Almeida-González M, Carrascosa C (November 2018). "Bisphenol A: Food Exposure and Impact on Human Health". Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 17 (6): 1503–1517. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12388. PMID 33350146.
  4. ^ Vandenberg LN, Maffini MV, Sonnenschein C, Rubin BS, Soto AM (February 2009). "Bisphenol-A and the great divide: a review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption". Endocrine Reviews. 30 (1): 75–95. doi:10.1210/er.2008-0021. PMC 2647705. PMID 19074586.
  5. ^ Fiege H, Voges HW, Hamamoto T, Umemura S, Iwata T, Miki H, et al. (2002). "Phenol Derivatives". Phenol Derivatives. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2..
  6. ^ Bilbrey J (11 August 2014). "BPA-Free Plastic Containers May Be Just as Hazardous". Scientific American. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  7. ^ Pivnenko K, Pedersen GA, Eriksson E, Astrup TF (October 2015). "Bisphenol A and its structural analogues in household waste paper" (PDF). Waste Management. 44: 39–47. Bibcode:2015WaMan..44...39P. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.017. PMID 26194879. S2CID 217938141.
  8. ^ See Bisphenol A#Environmental effects for extensive discussion

Further reading[edit]

  • For additional examples and alternate names, see: Alger M (2017). Polymer Science Dictionary. Springer. p. 77. ISBN 978-94-024-0893-5.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol

One thought on “Cannabaceae”

  1. Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
    View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction

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