![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Birkenhead_electorate%2C_1993.png)
Birkenhead was a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate on Auckland's North Shore from 1969 to 1996, when it was absorbed into the Northcote electorate.
Population centres
[edit]Through an amendment in the Electoral Act in 1965, the number of electorates in the South Island was fixed at 25, an increase of one since the 1962 electoral redistribution.[1] It was accepted that through the more rapid population growth in the North Island, the number of its electorates would continue to increase, and to keep proportionality, three new electorates were allowed for in the 1967 electoral redistribution for the next election.[2] In the North Island, five electorates were newly created (including Birkenhead) and one electorate was reconstituted while three electorates were abolished.[3] In the South Island, three electorates were newly created and one electorate was reconstituted while three electorates were abolished.[4] The overall effect of the required changes was highly disruptive to existing electorates, with all but three electorates having their boundaries altered.[5] These changes came into effect with the 1969 election.[2]
This suburban electorate was on the North Shore of Auckland. Most of its original area had previously been with the Waitemata electorate.[6] It was absorbed into the Northcote electorate.
History
[edit]Norman King of the Labour Party had first been elected to the Waitemata electorate in the 1954 election. He was the first representatives for the Birkenhead electorate when it was created for the 1969 election.[7] King was defeated in the 1975 election by Jim McLay of the National Party.[8]
The electorate was abolished in the 1996 election, the first mixed-member proportional (MMP) election.
Members of Parliament
[edit]Key
Election | Winner | |
---|---|---|
1969 election | Norman King | |
1972 election | ||
1975 election | Jim McLay | |
1978 election | ||
1981 election | ||
1984 election | ||
1987 election | Jenny Kirk | |
1990 election | Ian Revell | |
1993 election | ||
(Electorate abolished in 1996; see Northcote) |
Election results
[edit]1993 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Ian Revell | 7,866 | 36.99 | −12.16 | |
Labour | Ann Hartley | 7,762 | 36.50 | ||
Alliance | Bob Lack | 3,314 | 15.58 | ||
NZ First | Ruth Norman | 1,681 | 7.90 | ||
Christian Heritage | Tony Brebner | 364 | 1.71 | ||
McGillicuddy Serious | Ben Nicholson | 164 | 0.77 | ||
Natural Law | Angela Wood | 68 | 0.31 | ||
Workers Rights | Caroline Selwood-Hatt | 45 | 0.21 | ||
Majority | 104 | 0.48 | −13.21 | ||
Turnout | 21,264 | 85.98 | −0.54 | ||
Registered electors | 24,730 |
1990 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Ian Revell | 10,094 | 49.15 | ||
Labour | Jenny Kirk | 7,281 | 35.45 | −18.25 | |
Green | Michael Crowther | 1,820 | 8.86 | ||
NewLabour | Ross Tozer | 900 | 4.38 | ||
Democrats | Richard George Midson | 179 | 0.87 | −1.05 | |
McGillicuddy Serious | Katerina Jane Julian | 161 | 0.78 | ||
Independent | Tony Seagar | 99 | 0.48 | ||
Majority | 2,813 | 13.69 | |||
Turnout | 20,534 | 85.44 | −2.85 | ||
Registered electors | 24,033 |
1987 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Jenny Kirk | 11,063 | 53.70 | ||
National | Barry Gustafson | 8,843 | 42.92 | ||
Democrats | Richard George Midson | 397 | 1.92 | ||
NZ Party | Eddie Yeoman | 186 | 0.90 | ||
Libertarian | D I M Fraser | 110 | 0.53 | ||
Majority | 2,220 | 10.77 | |||
Turnout | 20,599 | 88.29 | −4.93 | ||
Registered electors | 23,329 |
1984 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Jim McLay | 9,547 | 43.82 | −2.69 | |
Labour | John Course | 7,830 | 35.94 | ||
NZ Party | Janie Pearce | 3,761 | 17.26 | ||
Social Credit | Bruce Raymond Sheppard | 648 | 2.97 | ||
Majority | 1,717 | 7.88 | −2.23 | ||
Turnout | 21,786 | 93.22 | +3.15 | ||
Registered electors | 23,370 |
1981 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Jim McLay | 9,672 | 46.51 | −2.11 | |
Labour | Bill Smith | 7,568 | 36.39 | ||
Social Credit | Mervyn Adair | 3,552 | 17.08 | ||
Majority | 2,104 | 10.11 | −3.06 | ||
Turnout | 20,792 | 90.07 | +18.54 | ||
Registered electors | 23,082 |
1978 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Jim McLay | 9,350 | 48.62 | −3.14 | |
Labour | Rex Stanton | 6,816 | 35.44 | ||
Social Credit | Des Long | 2,583 | 13.43 | ||
Values | Keith Wargeant | 480 | 2.49 | ||
Majority | 2,534 | 13.17 | |||
Turnout | 19,229 | 71.53 | −13.30 | ||
Registered electors | 26,882 |
1975 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Jim McLay | 10,871 | 51.76 | ||
Labour | Norman King | 8,055 | 38.35 | −11.46 | |
Values | Ray Tomes | 1,253 | 5.96 | ||
Social Credit | George Thew | 907 | 4.31 | −1.17 | |
Independent | Noel Hardie | 14 | 0.06 | ||
Majority | 2,816 | 13.40 | −0.23 | ||
Turnout | 21,000 | 84.83 | −5.32 | ||
Registered electors | 24,753 |
1972 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Norman King | 8,213 | 49.81 | −1.42 | |
National | Don McKinnon | 6,680 | 40.51 | −1.67 | |
Social Credit | George Thew | 904 | 5.48 | ||
Values | Andrew John Quaill | 642 | 3.89 | ||
New Democratic | Len Inkster | 47 | 0.28 | ||
Majority | 1,533 | 9.29 | +0.24 | ||
Turnout | 16,486 | 90.15 | +1.33 | ||
Registered electors | 18,286 |
1969 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Norman King | 9,623 | 51.23 | ||
National | Don McKinnon | 7,922 | 42.18 | ||
Social Credit | John Robert Neil | 1,236 | 6.58 | ||
Majority | 1,701 | 9.05 | |||
Turnout | 18,781 | 88.82 | |||
Registered electors | 21,144 |
Notes
[edit]- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 108, 111, 112.
- ^ a b McRobie 1989, p. 111.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 107, 111.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 108, 112.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 111f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 106, 111.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 210.
- ^ Wilson 1985, pp. 210, 216.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
- ^ a b c d e f g Norton 1988, pp. 202.
References
[edit]- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
- Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction